server + ui: ping silent SSE streams every 1s and kick only after 3s so slow prefill never drops healthy connections (#25241)

* server + ui: ping silent SSE streams every 1s and kick only after 3s so slow prefill never drops healthy connections

* server + ui: sse_ping_interval becomes a per-request body field

Address review from ngxson: the global default returns to 30 so API
clients see no behavior change, and the WebUI sends sse_ping_interval: 1
in the request body since it owns the 3s visibility-kick contract and
declares the cadence it needs. Positive values keep the existing > 0
gate, -1 keeps its disabled semantics.

* server: move sse_ping_interval into the request schema

Address review from ngxson: the field is now a typed field_num with
hard limits (-1, INT32_MAX) bound to task_params, seeded from the CLI
default alongside the other inherited parameters. The raw json_value
read and its redundant comment are gone, and schema evaluation brings
type and range validation for free.

common/arg.cpp

@@ -496,13 +496,15 @@ void common_models_handler_apply(common_models_handler & handler, common_params
     }
 
     // handle hf_plan tasks
-    auto add_tasks = [&opts, &tasks](const hf_cache::hf_files & model_files, common_params_model & model) {
+    auto add_tasks = [&opts, &tasks](const hf_cache::hf_files  & model_files,
+                                    const hf_cache::hf_file    & primary,
+                                    common_params_model        & model) {
         for (size_t i = 0; i < model_files.size(); ++i) {
             auto & model_file = model_files[i];
-            bool is_first = (i == 0);
-            tasks.emplace_back(model_file, opts, [&, is_first]() {
-                if (is_first) {
-                    // only use first part as model path
+            bool is_primary = (model_file.path == primary.path);
+            tasks.emplace_back(model_file, opts, [&, is_primary]() {
+                if (is_primary) {
+                    // the primary file is the first split (00001-of), use it as model path
                     model.path = hf_cache::finalize_file(model_file);
                 } else {
                     hf_cache::finalize_file(model_file);
@@ -511,7 +513,7 @@ void common_models_handler_apply(common_models_handler & handler, common_params
         }
     };
     if (!plan.model_files.empty()) {
-        add_tasks(plan.model_files, params.model);
+        add_tasks(plan.model_files, plan.primary, params.model);
     }
     if (!plan.mmproj.local_path.empty()) {
         tasks.emplace_back(plan.mmproj, opts, [&]() {
@@ -539,12 +541,12 @@ void common_models_handler_apply(common_models_handler & handler, common_params
 
     // handle plan_spec (e.g. --spec-draft-hf)
     if (!plan_spec.model_files.empty()) {
-        add_tasks(plan_spec.model_files, params.speculative.draft.mparams);
+        add_tasks(plan_spec.model_files, plan_spec.primary, params.speculative.draft.mparams);
     }
 
     // handle vocoder plan (e.g. --hf-repo-v)
     if (!plan_voc.model_files.empty()) {
-        add_tasks(plan_voc.model_files, params.vocoder.model);
+        add_tasks(plan_voc.model_files, plan_voc.primary, params.vocoder.model);
     }
 
     // run all tasks in parallel

docs/backend/OPENCL.md

@@ -1,16 +1,26 @@
 # llama.cpp for OpenCL
 
-- [Background](#background)
-- [OS](#os)
-- [Hardware](#hardware)
-- [DataType Supports](#datatype-supports)
-- [Model Preparation](#model-preparation)
-- [CMake Options](#cmake-options)
-- [Android](#android)
-- [Windows 11 Arm64](#windows-11-arm64)
-- [Linux](#Linux)
-- [Known Issue](#known-issues)
-- [TODO](#todo)
+- [llama.cpp for OpenCL](#llamacpp-for-opencl)
+  - [Background](#background)
+    - [Llama.cpp + OpenCL](#llamacpp--opencl)
+  - [OS](#os)
+  - [Hardware](#hardware)
+    - [Adreno GPU](#adreno-gpu)
+  - [DataType Supports](#datatype-supports)
+  - [Model Preparation](#model-preparation)
+  - [Binary Kernel Library](#binary-kernel-library)
+  - [CMake Options](#cmake-options)
+  - [Android](#android)
+    - [I. Setup Environment](#i-setup-environment)
+    - [II. Build llama.cpp](#ii-build-llamacpp)
+  - [Windows 11 Arm64](#windows-11-arm64)
+    - [I. Setup Environment](#i-setup-environment-1)
+    - [II. Build llama.cpp](#ii-build-llamacpp-1)
+  - [Linux](#linux)
+    - [I. Setup Environment](#i-setup-environment-2)
+    - [II. Build llama.cpp](#ii-build-llamacpp-2)
+  - [Known Issues](#known-issues)
+  - [TODO](#todo)
 
 ## Background
 
@@ -34,11 +44,13 @@ The llama.cpp OpenCL backend is designed to enable llama.cpp on **Qualcomm Adren
 
 **Verified devices**
 
-| Adreno GPU                           | Status  |
-|:------------------------------------:|:-------:|
-| Adreno 750 (Snapdragon 8 Gen 3)      | Support |
-| Adreno 830 (Snapdragon 8 Elite)      | Support |
-| Adreno X85 (Snapdragon X Elite)      | Support |
+| Adreno GPU                            | Status  |
+|:-------------------------------------:|:-------:|
+| Adreno 750 (Snapdragon 8 Gen 3)       | Support |
+| Adreno 830 (Snapdragon 8 Elite)       | Support |
+| Adreno 840 (Snapdragon 8 Elite Gen 5) | Support |
+| Adreno X1-85 (Snapdragon X Elite)     | Support |
+| Adreno X2-90 (Snapdragon X2 Elite)    | Support |
 
 > A6x GPUs with a recent driver and compiler are supported; they are usually found in IoT platforms.
 However, A6x GPUs in phones are likely not supported due to the outdated driver and compiler.
@@ -47,42 +59,43 @@ However, A6x GPUs in phones are likely not supported due to the outdated driver
 
 | DataType               | Status                     |
 |:----------------------:|:--------------------------:|
+| Q1_0                   | Support                    |
 | Q4_0                   | Support                    |
-| Q6_K                   | Support, but not optimized |
+| Q4_1                   | Support                    |
+| Q5_0                   | Support                    |
+| Q5_1                   | Support                    |
 | Q8_0                   | Support                    |
+| Q4_K                   | Support                    |
+| Q5_K                   | Support                    |
+| Q6_K                   | Support                    |
 | MXFP4                  | Support                    |
+| IQ4_NL                 | Support                    |
 
 ## Model Preparation
 
-You can refer to the general [llama-quantize tool](/tools/quantize/README.md) for steps to convert a model in Hugging Face safetensor format to GGUF with quantization.
+Since common quantizations are supported now, it is recommanded to download GGUF models directly from Huggingface.
 
-Currently we support `Q4_0` quantization and have optimized for it. To achieve best performance on Adreno GPU, add `--pure` to `llama-quantize` (i.e., make all weights in `Q4_0`). For example,
+## Binary Kernel Library
 
-```sh
-./llama-quantize --pure ggml-model-qwen2.5-3b-f16.gguf ggml-model-qwen-3b-Q4_0.gguf Q4_0
-```
+A prebuilt binary kernel library has been introduced for Adreno GPUs.
+It currently targets X2 GPUs (X2-90, X2-85 and X2-45) found in Snapdragon X2 SoC.
+The library currently contains kernels for MUL_MAT_ID with Q4_0, Q4_1, Q4_K, MXFP4.
+The library must be manually downloaded from https://softwarecenter.qualcomm.com/catalog/item/Adreno_Kernel_Library_GGML.
 
-Since `Q6_K` is also supported, `Q4_0` quantization without `--pure` will also work. However, the performance will be worse compared to pure `Q4_0` quantization.
+To allow using the kernel library, add `-DGGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_BIN_KERNELS=ON` when configuring with CMake.
+Then, extract `adreno-opencl-kernels.dll` from the zip file downloaded from the above URL and put it alongside the executables.
+If kernels compatible with the current GPU are found in the library, they will be loaded and used.
 
-### `MXFP4` MoE Models
-
-OpenAI gpt-oss models are MoE models in `MXFP4`. The quantized model will be in `MXFP4_MOE`, a mixture of `MXFP4` and `Q8_0`.
-For this quantization, there is no need to specify `--pure`.
-For gpt-oss-20b model, you can directly [download](https://huggingface.co/ggml-org/gpt-oss-20b-GGUF) the quantized GGUF file in `MXFP4_MOE` from Hugging Face.
-
-Although it is possible to quantize gpt-oss-20b model in pure `Q4_0` (all weights in `Q4_0`), it is not recommended since `MXFP4` has been optimized for MoE while `Q4_0` is not. In addition, accuracy should degrade with such pure `Q4_0` quantization.
-Hence, using the default `MXFP4_MOE` quantization (see the link above) is recommended for this model.
-
-> Note that the `Q4_0` model found [here](https://huggingface.co/unsloth/gpt-oss-20b-GGUF/blob/main/gpt-oss-20b-Q4_0.gguf) is a mixture of `Q4_0`, `Q8_0` and `MXFP4` and gives better performance than `MXFP4_MOE` quantization.
 
 ## CMake Options
 
 The OpenCL backend has the following CMake options that control the behavior of the backend.
 
-| CMake options                     | Default value  | Description                               |
-|:---------------------------------:|:--------------:|:------------------------------------------|
-| `GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS`       | `ON`           | Embed OpenCL kernels into the executable. |
-| `GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS`  | `ON`           | Use kernels optimized for Adreno.         |
+| CMake options                        | Default value  | Description                               |
+|:------------------------------------:|:--------------:|:------------------------------------------|
+| `GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS`          | `ON`           | Embed OpenCL kernels into the executable. |
+| `GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS`     | `ON`           | Use kernels optimized for Adreno.         |
+| `GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_BIN_KERNELS` | `OFF`          | Allow using binary kernel lib for Adreno. |
 
 ## Android
 
@@ -277,6 +290,5 @@ ninja
 
 ## TODO
 
-- Optimization for Q6_K
-- Support and optimization for Q4_K
 - Improve flash attention
+- Improve OpenCL C kernels performance

ggml/src/ggml-cuda/gated_delta_net.cu

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ gated_delta_net_cuda(const float * q,
                                      const float * beta,
                                      const float * curr_state,
                                      float *       dst,
+                                     float *       state,
                                      int64_t       H,
                                      int64_t       n_tokens,
                                      int64_t       n_seqs,
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ gated_delta_net_cuda(const float * q,
                                      const uint3   neqk1_magic,
                                      const uint3   rq3_magic,
                                      float         scale,
+                                     int64_t       state_slot_stride,
                                      int           K) {
     const uint32_t h_idx    = blockIdx.x;
     const uint32_t sequence = blockIdx.y;
@@ -35,9 +37,7 @@ gated_delta_net_cuda(const float * q,
     const uint32_t iq1 = fastmodulo(h_idx, neqk1_magic);
     const uint32_t iq3 = fastdiv(sequence, rq3_magic);
 
-    const int64_t attn_score_elems = S_v * H * n_tokens * n_seqs;
     float *       attn_data        = dst;
-    float *       state            = dst + attn_score_elems;
 
     // input state holds s0 only: [S_v, S_v, H, n_seqs] — seq stride is D = H * S_v * S_v.
     // output state layout (per-slot D * n_seqs) — same per-(seq,head) offset as before.
@@ -145,10 +145,9 @@ gated_delta_net_cuda(const float * q,
         if constexpr (keep_rs_t) {
             // snapshot slot mapping: slot 0 = most recent state, slot s = s tokens back.
             // When n_tokens < K only slots 0..n_tokens-1 are written; older slots are caller-owned.
-            const int64_t state_size_per_token = S_v * S_v * H * n_seqs; // per-slot stride in output
             const int target_slot = (int) n_tokens - 1 - t;
             if (target_slot >= 0 && target_slot < K) {
-                float * curr_state = (dst + attn_score_elems) + target_slot * state_size_per_token + state_out_offset;
+                float * curr_state = state + target_slot * state_slot_stride;
 #pragma unroll
                 for (int r = 0; r < rows_per_lane; r++) {
                     const int i = r * warp_size + lane;
@@ -171,13 +170,13 @@ template <bool KDA, bool keep_rs_t>
 static void launch_gated_delta_net(
         const float * q_d, const float * k_d, const float * v_d,
         const float * g_d, const float * b_d, const float * s_d,
-        float * dst_d,
+        float * dst_d, float * state_d,
         int64_t S_v,   int64_t H, int64_t n_tokens, int64_t n_seqs,
         int64_t sq1,   int64_t sq2, int64_t sq3,
         int64_t sv1,   int64_t sv2, int64_t sv3,
         int64_t sb1,   int64_t sb2, int64_t sb3,
         int64_t neqk1, int64_t rq3,
-        float scale, int K, cudaStream_t stream) {
+        float scale, int64_t state_slot_stride, int K, cudaStream_t stream) {
     //TODO: Add chunked kernel for even faster pre-fill
     const int warp_size = ggml_cuda_info().devices[ggml_cuda_get_device()].warp_size;
     const int num_warps = 4;
@@ -187,34 +186,32 @@ static void launch_gated_delta_net(
     const uint3 neqk1_magic = init_fastdiv_values(neqk1);
     const uint3 rq3_magic   = init_fastdiv_values(rq3);
 
-    int cc = ggml_cuda_info().devices[ggml_cuda_get_device()].cc;
-
     const ggml_cuda_kernel_launch_params launch_params = ggml_cuda_kernel_launch_params(grid_dims, block_dims, 0, stream);
     switch (S_v) {
         case 16:
             ggml_cuda_kernel_launch(gated_delta_net_cuda<16, KDA, keep_rs_t>, launch_params,
-                q_d, k_d, v_d, g_d, b_d, s_d, dst_d, H,
+                q_d, k_d, v_d, g_d, b_d, s_d, dst_d, state_d, H,
                 n_tokens, n_seqs, sq1, sq2, sq3, sv1, sv2, sv3,
-                sb1, sb2, sb3, neqk1_magic, rq3_magic, scale, K);
+                sb1, sb2, sb3, neqk1_magic, rq3_magic, scale, state_slot_stride, K);
             break;
         case 32:
             ggml_cuda_kernel_launch(gated_delta_net_cuda<32, KDA, keep_rs_t>, launch_params,
-                q_d, k_d, v_d, g_d, b_d, s_d, dst_d, H,
+                q_d, k_d, v_d, g_d, b_d, s_d, dst_d, state_d, H,
                 n_tokens, n_seqs, sq1, sq2, sq3, sv1, sv2, sv3,
-                sb1, sb2, sb3, neqk1_magic, rq3_magic, scale, K);
+                sb1, sb2, sb3, neqk1_magic, rq3_magic, scale, state_slot_stride, K);
             break;
         case 64: {
             ggml_cuda_kernel_launch(gated_delta_net_cuda<64, KDA, keep_rs_t>, launch_params,
-                q_d, k_d, v_d, g_d, b_d, s_d, dst_d, H,
+                q_d, k_d, v_d, g_d, b_d, s_d, dst_d, state_d, H,
                 n_tokens, n_seqs, sq1, sq2, sq3, sv1, sv2, sv3,
-                sb1, sb2, sb3, neqk1_magic, rq3_magic, scale, K);
+                sb1, sb2, sb3, neqk1_magic, rq3_magic, scale, state_slot_stride, K);
             break;
         }
         case 128: {
             ggml_cuda_kernel_launch(gated_delta_net_cuda<128, KDA, keep_rs_t>, launch_params,
-                q_d, k_d, v_d, g_d, b_d, s_d, dst_d, H,
+                q_d, k_d, v_d, g_d, b_d, s_d, dst_d, state_d, H,
                 n_tokens, n_seqs, sq1, sq2, sq3, sv1, sv2, sv3,
-                sb1, sb2, sb3, neqk1_magic, rq3_magic, scale, K);
+                sb1, sb2, sb3, neqk1_magic, rq3_magic, scale, state_slot_stride, K);
             break;
         }
         default:
@@ -223,7 +220,8 @@ static void launch_gated_delta_net(
     }
 }
 
-void ggml_cuda_op_gated_delta_net(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+static void ggml_cuda_op_gated_delta_net_impl(
+        ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst, const ggml_cuda_gated_delta_net_fused_cache * cache) {
     ggml_tensor * src_q     = dst->src[0];
     ggml_tensor * src_k     = dst->src[1];
     ggml_tensor * src_v     = dst->src[2];
@@ -288,25 +286,42 @@ void ggml_cuda_op_gated_delta_net(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor *
     const int K = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 0);
     const bool keep_rs = K > 1;
 
+    // recurrent state -> gdn_out tail (after attention scores), or the cache when fusing
+    float * state_d           = dst_d + S_v * H * n_tokens * n_seqs;
+    int64_t state_slot_stride = S_v * S_v * H * n_seqs;
+    if (cache != nullptr) {
+        state_d           = cache->data;
+        state_slot_stride = cache->slot_stride;
+    }
+
     if (kda) {
         if (keep_rs) {
-            launch_gated_delta_net<true, true>(q_d, k_d, v_d, g_d, b_d, s_d, dst_d,
+            launch_gated_delta_net<true, true>(q_d, k_d, v_d, g_d, b_d, s_d, dst_d, state_d,
                 S_v, H, n_tokens, n_seqs, sq1, sq2, sq3, sv1, sv2, sv3,
-                sb1, sb2, sb3, neqk1, rq3, scale, K, stream);
+                sb1, sb2, sb3, neqk1, rq3, scale, state_slot_stride, K, stream);
         } else {
-            launch_gated_delta_net<true, false>(q_d, k_d, v_d, g_d, b_d, s_d, dst_d,
+            launch_gated_delta_net<true, false>(q_d, k_d, v_d, g_d, b_d, s_d, dst_d, state_d,
                 S_v, H, n_tokens, n_seqs, sq1, sq2, sq3, sv1, sv2, sv3,
-                sb1, sb2, sb3, neqk1, rq3, scale, K, stream);
+                sb1, sb2, sb3, neqk1, rq3, scale, state_slot_stride, K, stream);
         }
     } else {
         if (keep_rs) {
-            launch_gated_delta_net<false, true>(q_d, k_d, v_d, g_d, b_d, s_d, dst_d,
+            launch_gated_delta_net<false, true>(q_d, k_d, v_d, g_d, b_d, s_d, dst_d, state_d,
                 S_v, H, n_tokens, n_seqs, sq1, sq2, sq3, sv1, sv2, sv3,
-                sb1, sb2, sb3, neqk1, rq3, scale, K, stream);
+                sb1, sb2, sb3, neqk1, rq3, scale, state_slot_stride, K, stream);
         } else {
-            launch_gated_delta_net<false, false>(q_d, k_d, v_d, g_d, b_d, s_d, dst_d,
+            launch_gated_delta_net<false, false>(q_d, k_d, v_d, g_d, b_d, s_d, dst_d, state_d,
                 S_v, H, n_tokens, n_seqs, sq1, sq2, sq3, sv1, sv2, sv3,
-                sb1, sb2, sb3, neqk1, rq3, scale, K, stream);
+                sb1, sb2, sb3, neqk1, rq3, scale, state_slot_stride, K, stream);
         }
     }
 }
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_gated_delta_net(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_cuda_op_gated_delta_net_impl(ctx, dst, nullptr);
+}
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_gated_delta_net_fused_cache(
+        ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst, ggml_cuda_gated_delta_net_fused_cache cache) {
+    ggml_cuda_op_gated_delta_net_impl(ctx, dst, &cache);
+}

ggml/src/ggml-cuda/gated_delta_net.cuh

@@ -1,4 +1,14 @@
 #include "common.cuh"
 #include "ggml.h"
 
+// fused-kernel recurrent-state output; strides in elements (per-seq stride is always D, set in-kernel)
+struct ggml_cuda_gated_delta_net_fused_cache {
+    float * data;        // rollback slot 0
+    int64_t slot_stride; // between rollback slots (0 when K==1)
+};
+
 void ggml_cuda_op_gated_delta_net(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+
+// same op, but writes the snapshot(s) into the cache instead of dst (see ggml_cuda_try_gdn_cache_fusion)
+void ggml_cuda_op_gated_delta_net_fused_cache(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst,
+                                              ggml_cuda_gated_delta_net_fused_cache cache);

ggml/src/ggml-cuda/ggml-cuda.cu

@@ -3251,6 +3251,11 @@ static void ggml_backend_cuda_synchronize(ggml_backend_t backend) {
     GGML_UNUSED(backend);
 }
 
+static bool ggml_cuda_is_view_or_noop(const ggml_tensor * t) {
+    return ggml_is_empty(t) || t->op == GGML_OP_RESHAPE || t->op == GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE ||
+           t->op == GGML_OP_VIEW || t->op == GGML_OP_PERMUTE || t->op == GGML_OP_NONE;
+}
+
 #ifdef USE_CUDA_GRAPH
 static bool ggml_cuda_graph_check_compability(ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
 
@@ -3260,7 +3265,7 @@ static bool ggml_cuda_graph_check_compability(ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
     for (int i = 0; i < cgraph->n_nodes; i++) {
         ggml_tensor * node = cgraph->nodes[i];
 
-        if (ggml_is_empty(node) || node->op == GGML_OP_RESHAPE || node->op == GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE || node->op == GGML_OP_VIEW || node->op == GGML_OP_PERMUTE || node->op == GGML_OP_NONE) {
+        if (ggml_cuda_is_view_or_noop(node)) {
             continue;
         }
 
@@ -3403,6 +3408,70 @@ static bool ggml_cuda_should_fuse_rope_set_rows(const ggml_tensor * rope,
     return true;
 }
 
+// match gated_delta_net + the strided cpy that scatters its state snapshots into the cache
+// (slot i -> rollback group i, slot 0 newest), so the kernel can write them and skip the cpy.
+static int ggml_cuda_try_gdn_cache_fusion(
+        const ggml_cgraph * cgraph, int node_idx, ggml_cuda_gated_delta_net_fused_cache & fused_state_cpy) {
+    const ggml_tensor * gdn = cgraph->nodes[node_idx];
+    // the kernel skips the snapshot tail, so the gdn output must not be a graph output
+    if (gdn->op != GGML_OP_GATED_DELTA_NET || gdn->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 ||
+        (gdn->flags & GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_OUTPUT)) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    const ggml_tensor * src_v     = gdn->src[2];
+    const int64_t       S_v       = src_v->ne[0];
+    const int64_t       H         = src_v->ne[1];
+    const int64_t       n_tokens  = src_v->ne[2];
+    const int64_t       n_seqs    = src_v->ne[3];
+    const int64_t       D         = S_v * S_v * H;
+    const int64_t       K         = ggml_get_op_params_i32(gdn, 0); // snapshot slot count
+    const int64_t       n_written = std::min<int64_t>(n_tokens, K); // newest n_written slots are written
+
+    // snapshot tail starts right after the attention scores
+    const size_t tail_off = ggml_row_size(GGML_TYPE_F32, S_v * H * n_tokens * n_seqs);
+
+    // snapshot cpy is the first real node after the gdn (skip views/no-ops)
+    const ggml_tensor * cpy  = nullptr;
+    int                 skip = 0;
+    for (int j = node_idx + 1; j < cgraph->n_nodes && cpy == nullptr; ++j) {
+        const ggml_tensor * n = cgraph->nodes[j];
+        if (ggml_cuda_is_view_or_noop(n)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (n->op != GGML_OP_CPY || (n->flags & GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_OUTPUT)) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        cpy  = n;
+        skip = j - node_idx;
+    }
+    if (cpy == nullptr) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    const ggml_tensor * src = cpy->src[0]; // view of the gdn snapshot tail
+    const ggml_tensor * dst = cpy->src[1]; // cache view the kernel writes to
+
+    // src must be this gdn's snapshot tail (contiguous, at the tail offset)
+    if (src->op != GGML_OP_VIEW || src->view_src != gdn || src->view_offs != tail_off ||
+        !ggml_is_contiguous(src)) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    // dst is the [D, n_seqs, n_written] cache view; require nb[1] == D (the per-seq stride the kernel
+    // assumes). ggml_cpy pins src to the same element count.
+    const std::array<int64_t, GGML_MAX_DIMS> expected_ne = { D, n_seqs, n_written, 1 };
+    if (dst->op != GGML_OP_VIEW || dst->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->data == nullptr ||
+        !std::equal(expected_ne.begin(), expected_ne.end(), dst->ne) ||
+        dst->nb[0] != ggml_type_size(GGML_TYPE_F32) || dst->nb[1] != (size_t) ggml_row_size(GGML_TYPE_F32, D)) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    fused_state_cpy.data        = (float *) dst->data; // rollback group 0 (newest)
+    fused_state_cpy.slot_stride = K > 1 ? (int64_t) (dst->nb[2] / sizeof(float)) : 0;
+    return skip;
+}
+
 static bool ggml_cuda_topk_moe_fusion(const struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph, int node_idx, ggml_cuda_topk_moe_args & args) {
     args.sigmoid         = false;
     args.softmax         = false;
@@ -3844,6 +3913,20 @@ static int ggml_cuda_try_fuse(ggml_backend_cuda_context * cuda_ctx, ggml_cgraph
 
     ggml_tensor * node = cgraph->nodes[i];
 
+    // gated_delta_net -> cpy: scatter recurrent-state snapshots into the cache
+    if (node->op == GGML_OP_GATED_DELTA_NET) {
+        ggml_cuda_gated_delta_net_fused_cache fused_state_cpy;
+        const int nodes_to_skip = ggml_cuda_try_gdn_cache_fusion(cgraph, i, fused_state_cpy);
+        if (nodes_to_skip > 0) {
+#ifdef GGML_CUDA_DEBUG
+            GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: fused gated_delta_net snapshot copies for %s (skipped %d nodes)\n",
+                          __func__, node->name, nodes_to_skip);
+#endif
+            ggml_cuda_op_gated_delta_net_fused_cache(*cuda_ctx, node, fused_state_cpy);
+            return nodes_to_skip;
+        }
+    }
+
     //topk-moe
     if (cgraph->nodes[i]->op == GGML_OP_UNARY || cgraph->nodes[i]->op == GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX ||
             cgraph->nodes[i]->op == GGML_OP_ARGSORT) {
@@ -4372,7 +4455,7 @@ static void ggml_cuda_graph_evaluate_and_capture(ggml_backend_cuda_context * cud
 #endif
                 prev_i = i;
 
-                if (ggml_is_empty(node) || node->op == GGML_OP_RESHAPE || node->op == GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE || node->op == GGML_OP_VIEW || node->op == GGML_OP_PERMUTE || node->op == GGML_OP_NONE) {
+                if (ggml_cuda_is_view_or_noop(node)) {
                     continue;
                 }
 

ggml/src/ggml-opencl/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -31,6 +31,11 @@ if (GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS)
     target_include_directories(${TARGET_NAME} PRIVATE "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/autogenerated")
 endif ()
 
+if (GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_BIN_KERNELS)
+    message(STATUS "OpenCL will use precompiled binary kernels for Adreno (improved performance on some platforms)")
+    add_compile_definitions(GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_BIN_KERNELS)
+endif ()
+
 function(ggml_opencl_add_kernel KNAME)
     set(KERN_HDR ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/autogenerated/${KNAME}.cl.h)
     set(KERN_SRC ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/kernels/${KNAME}.cl)

ggml/src/ggml-opencl/ggml-opencl.cpp

@@ -13,6 +13,22 @@
 #include "ggml-backend-impl.h"
 #include "ggml.h"
 
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_BIN_KERNELS
+#include "libdl.h"
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#define KERNEL_LIB_NAME "adreno-opencl-kernels.dll"
+#else
+#define KERNEL_LIB_NAME "libadreno-opencl-kernels.so"
+#endif // _WIN32
+#endif // GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_BIN_KERNELS
+
+typedef const void * (*get_adreno_bin_kernel_func_t)(
+    const char * name,
+    const char * gpu_name,
+    const char * compiler_ver,
+    size_t     * out_size
+);
+
 #include <CL/cl.h>
 
 #include <inttypes.h>
@@ -476,6 +492,8 @@ struct ggml_backend_opencl_context {
 
     bool adreno_has_large_buffer;
     bool adreno_use_large_buffer;
+    bool adreno_use_bin_kernels;
+    get_adreno_bin_kernel_func_t get_adreno_bin_kernel_func = nullptr;
     ggml_cl_compiler_version adreno_cl_compiler_version;
 
     std::string kernel_compile_opts;  // cached for lazy-compiled kernels.
@@ -718,15 +736,15 @@ struct ggml_backend_opencl_context {
     cl_kernel kernel_gated_delta_net_f32[4][2][2] = {};
 
     cl_kernel kernel_timestep_embedding;
-    cl_kernel kernel_gemv_moe_q4_0_f32_ns, kernel_gemm_moe_q4_0_f32_ns;
-    cl_kernel kernel_gemv_moe_q4_1_f32_ns, kernel_gemm_moe_q4_1_f32_ns;
+    cl_kernel kernel_gemv_moe_q4_0_f32_ns, kernel_gemm_moe_q4_0_f32_ns, kernel_gemm_moe_q4_0_f32_ns_bin;
+    cl_kernel kernel_gemv_moe_q4_1_f32_ns, kernel_gemm_moe_q4_1_f32_ns, kernel_gemm_moe_q4_1_f32_ns_bin;
     cl_kernel kernel_gemv_moe_q5_0_f32_ns, kernel_gemm_moe_q5_0_f32_ns;
     cl_kernel kernel_gemv_moe_q5_1_f32_ns, kernel_gemm_moe_q5_1_f32_ns;
-    cl_kernel kernel_gemv_moe_q4_k_f32_ns, kernel_gemm_moe_q4_k_f32_ns;
+    cl_kernel kernel_gemv_moe_q4_k_f32_ns, kernel_gemm_moe_q4_k_f32_ns, kernel_gemm_moe_q4_k_f32_ns_bin;
     cl_kernel kernel_gemv_moe_q5_k_f32_ns, kernel_gemm_moe_q5_k_f32_ns;
     cl_kernel kernel_gemv_moe_q6_k_f32_ns, kernel_gemm_moe_q6_k_f32_ns;
     cl_kernel kernel_gemv_moe_mxfp4_f32, kernel_gemm_moe_mxfp4_f32;
-    cl_kernel kernel_gemv_moe_mxfp4_f32_ns, kernel_gemm_moe_mxfp4_f32_ns;
+    cl_kernel kernel_gemv_moe_mxfp4_f32_ns, kernel_gemm_moe_mxfp4_f32_ns, kernel_gemm_moe_mxfp4_f32_ns_bin;
     cl_kernel kernel_moe_reorder_b;
     cl_kernel kernel_moe_histogram, kernel_moe_scan, kernel_moe_fill, kernel_moe_scatter;
     cl_kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_q4_0_f32_8x_flat;
@@ -870,6 +888,20 @@ struct ggml_backend_opencl_context {
 #endif
     }
 
+    const void * get_adreno_bin_kernel(const std::string &kernel_name, size_t *bin_size) const {
+        if (!get_adreno_bin_kernel_func) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        size_t sz;
+        const void * kernel_bin = get_adreno_bin_kernel_func(
+            kernel_name.c_str(), device_name.c_str(), driver_version.c_str(), &sz);
+        if (bin_size) {
+            *bin_size = sz;
+        }
+        return kernel_bin;
+    }
+
 #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS
     // Transpose kernels
     cl_program program_transpose;
@@ -891,7 +923,7 @@ struct ggml_backend_opencl_context {
     cl_kernel kernel_gemv_noshuffle_q4_0_f32_32000_1_4096;
     cl_kernel kernel_gemv_noshuffle_q4_1_f32;
     cl_kernel kernel_gemm_noshuffle_q4_1_f32;
-    cl_kernel kernel_gemm_noshuffle_q8_0_f32;
+    cl_kernel kernel_gemm_noshuffle_q8_0_f32, kernel_gemm_noshuffle_q8_0_f32_bin;
     cl_kernel kernel_gemv_noshuffle_q8_0_f32;
     cl_kernel kernel_gemm_noshuffle_q1_0_f32;
     cl_kernel kernel_gemv_noshuffle_q1_0_f32;
@@ -988,6 +1020,32 @@ static cl_program build_program_from_source(cl_context ctx, cl_device_id dev, co
     return build_program_from_source_ex(ctx, dev, program_buffer, compile_opts, /*fatal=*/true);
 }
 
+static cl_program build_program_from_binary(cl_context ctx, cl_device_id dev, const char* program_buffer, const std::string &compile_opts, size_t bin_size = 0) {
+    cl_program p;
+    char *program_log;
+    size_t log_size;
+    int err;
+
+    p = clCreateProgramWithBinary(ctx, 1, &dev, &bin_size, (const unsigned char**)&program_buffer, NULL, &err);
+    if(err < 0) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("OpenCL error creating program from binary");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    err = clBuildProgram(p, 0, NULL, compile_opts.c_str(), NULL, NULL);
+    if(err < 0) {
+        clGetProgramBuildInfo(p, dev, CL_PROGRAM_BUILD_LOG, 0, NULL, &log_size);
+        program_log = (char*) malloc(log_size + 1);
+        program_log[log_size] = '\0';
+        clGetProgramBuildInfo(p, dev, CL_PROGRAM_BUILD_LOG, log_size + 1, program_log, NULL);
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml_opencl: kernel compile error:\n\n%s\n", program_log);
+        free(program_log);
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    return p;
+}
+
 static void load_cl_kernels_argsort(ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx) {
     // compiler options for general kernels
     auto opencl_c_std =
@@ -1014,6 +1072,17 @@ static void load_cl_kernels_argsort(ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx) {
     }
 }
 
+static bool use_adreno_bin_kernels(ggml_backend_opencl_context * backend_ctx) {
+#ifndef GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_BIN_KERNELS
+    return false;
+#else
+    if (backend_ctx->gpu_family != GPU_FAMILY::ADRENO) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return backend_ctx->adreno_use_bin_kernels;
+#endif // GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_BIN_KERNELS
+}
+
 static void load_cl_kernels(ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx) {
     if (backend_ctx->kernels_loaded) {
         return;
@@ -3323,6 +3392,24 @@ static void load_cl_kernels(ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx) {
         GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
+    // gemm_noshuffle_q8_0_f32_bin
+    {
+        size_t bin_size = 0;
+        backend_ctx->kernel_gemm_noshuffle_q8_0_f32_bin = nullptr;
+
+        if (use_adreno_bin_kernels(backend_ctx)) {
+            const char * kernel_bin = (const char *)backend_ctx->get_adreno_bin_kernel("gemm_noshuffle_q8_0_f32_ila", &bin_size);
+            if (kernel_bin && bin_size > 0) {
+                cl_program prog =
+                    build_program_from_binary(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_bin, compile_opts, bin_size);
+
+                CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_gemm_noshuffle_q8_0_f32_bin = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_gemm_noshuffle_q8_0_f32_ila", &err), err));
+                CL_CHECK(clReleaseProgram(prog));
+                GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     // gemv_noshuffle_general_q8_0_f32
     {
         std::string CL_gemv_compile_opts = std::string("-cl-std=") + opencl_c_std +
@@ -3424,6 +3511,24 @@ static void load_cl_kernels(ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx) {
         GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
+    // gemm_moe_q4_1_f32_ns_bin
+    {
+        size_t bin_size = 0;
+        backend_ctx->kernel_gemm_moe_q4_1_f32_ns_bin = nullptr;
+
+        if (use_adreno_bin_kernels(backend_ctx)) {
+            const char * kernel_bin = (const char *)backend_ctx->get_adreno_bin_kernel("gemm_moe_q4_1_f32_ns_ila", &bin_size);
+            if (kernel_bin && bin_size > 0) {
+                cl_program prog =
+                    build_program_from_binary(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_bin, CL_moe_compile_opts, bin_size);
+
+                CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_gemm_moe_q4_1_f32_ns_bin = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_gemm_moe_q4_1_f32_ns_ila", &err), err));
+                CL_CHECK(clReleaseProgram(prog));
+                GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     // gemv_moe_mxfp4_f32
     {
 #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
@@ -3490,6 +3595,24 @@ static void load_cl_kernels(ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx) {
         GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
+    // gemm_moe_q4_0_f32_ns_bin
+    {
+        size_t bin_size = 0;
+        backend_ctx->kernel_gemm_moe_q4_0_f32_ns_bin = nullptr;
+
+        if (use_adreno_bin_kernels(backend_ctx)) {
+            const char * kernel_bin = (const char *)backend_ctx->get_adreno_bin_kernel("gemm_moe_q4_0_f32_ns_ila", &bin_size);
+            if (kernel_bin && bin_size > 0) {
+                cl_program prog =
+                    build_program_from_binary(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_bin, CL_moe_compile_opts, bin_size);
+
+                CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_gemm_moe_q4_0_f32_ns_bin = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_gemm_moe_q4_0_f32_ns_ila", &err), err));
+                CL_CHECK(clReleaseProgram(prog));
+                GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     // gemv_moe_q5_0_f32_ns
     {
 #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
@@ -3592,6 +3715,24 @@ static void load_cl_kernels(ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx) {
         GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
+    // gemm_moe_q4_k_f32_ns_bin
+    {
+        size_t bin_size = 0;
+        backend_ctx->kernel_gemm_moe_q4_k_f32_ns_bin = nullptr;
+
+        if (use_adreno_bin_kernels(backend_ctx)) {
+            const char * kernel_bin = (const char *)backend_ctx->get_adreno_bin_kernel("gemm_moe_q4_k_f32_ns_ila", &bin_size);
+            if (kernel_bin && bin_size > 0) {
+                cl_program prog =
+                    build_program_from_binary(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_bin, CL_moe_compile_opts, bin_size);
+
+                CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_gemm_moe_q4_k_f32_ns_bin = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_gemm_moe_q4_k_f32_ns_ila", &err), err));
+                CL_CHECK(clReleaseProgram(prog));
+                GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     // gemv_moe_q5_k_f32_ns
     {
 #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
@@ -3689,9 +3830,27 @@ static void load_cl_kernels(ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx) {
         cl_program prog =
             build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), CL_moe_compile_opts);
 
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_gemm_moe_mxfp4_f32_ns = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_gemm_moe_mxfp4_f32_ns", &err), err));
-        CL_CHECK(clReleaseProgram(prog));
-        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+            CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_gemm_moe_mxfp4_f32_ns = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_gemm_moe_mxfp4_f32_ns", &err), err));
+            CL_CHECK(clReleaseProgram(prog));
+            GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+    }
+
+    // gemm_moe_mxfp4_f32_ns_bin
+    {
+        size_t bin_size = 0;
+        backend_ctx->kernel_gemm_moe_mxfp4_f32_ns_bin = nullptr;
+
+        if (use_adreno_bin_kernels(backend_ctx)) {
+            const char * kernel_bin = (const char *)backend_ctx->get_adreno_bin_kernel("gemm_moe_mxfp4_f32_ns_ila", &bin_size);
+            if (kernel_bin && bin_size > 0) {
+                cl_program prog =
+                    build_program_from_binary(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_bin, CL_moe_compile_opts, bin_size);
+
+                CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_gemm_moe_mxfp4_f32_ns_bin = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_gemm_moe_mxfp4_f32_ns_ila", &err), err));
+                CL_CHECK(clReleaseProgram(prog));
+                GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     // moe_reorder_b
@@ -4770,6 +4929,27 @@ static ggml_backend_opencl_context * ggml_cl_init(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
     backend_ctx->adreno_use_large_buffer = getenv("GGML_OPENCL_ADRENO_USE_LARGE_BUFFER") != nullptr &&
                                            backend_ctx->gpu_family == GPU_FAMILY::ADRENO;
 
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_BIN_KERNELS
+    // try loading adreno binary kernels if enabled
+    // if fails to load, builtin kernels will be used
+    {
+        dl_handle * kernel_lib_handle = dl_load_library(KERNEL_LIB_NAME);
+        backend_ctx->adreno_use_bin_kernels = false;
+
+        if (kernel_lib_handle) {
+            backend_ctx->get_adreno_bin_kernel_func = (get_adreno_bin_kernel_func_t)dl_get_sym(kernel_lib_handle, "get_adreno_kernels");
+            if (backend_ctx->get_adreno_bin_kernel_func) {
+                GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml_opencl: loaded bin kernel library %s\n", KERNEL_LIB_NAME);
+                backend_ctx->adreno_use_bin_kernels = true;
+            } else {
+                GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml_opencl: bin kernel library %s is invalid, will use builtin kernels\n", KERNEL_LIB_NAME);
+            }
+        } else {
+            GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml_opencl: failed to load %s, will use builtin kernels\n", KERNEL_LIB_NAME);
+        }
+    }
+#endif // GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_BIN_KERNELS
+
     cl_int err;
 
     // A local ref of cl_context for convenience
@@ -14972,6 +15152,99 @@ static void ggml_cl_mul_mat_q8_0_f32_adreno(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_t
         CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(b_img));
         CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(b_sub_buf));
     } else {
+        // use bin kernel if available
+        if (backend_ctx->kernel_gemm_noshuffle_q8_0_f32_bin) {
+            int K_pad = K;
+
+            cl_mem b_sub_buf = nullptr;
+            cl_mem d_sub_buf = nullptr;
+
+            cl_mem a_img = nullptr;
+            cl_mem s_img = nullptr;
+            cl_mem b_img = nullptr;
+            cl_mem d_img = nullptr;
+
+            // subbuffer for activations
+            region.origin = offset1;
+            region.size = K_pad * N * sizeof(float);
+            CL_CHECK((b_sub_buf = clCreateSubBuffer(extra1->data_device, 0, CL_BUFFER_CREATE_TYPE_REGION, &region, &err), err));
+
+            // Create subbuffer and image1d_buffer for dst
+            region.origin = (extrad->offset); // + dst->view_offs;
+            region.size = M * N * sizeof(float);
+            CL_CHECK((d_sub_buf = clCreateSubBuffer((extrad->data_device), 0, CL_BUFFER_CREATE_TYPE_REGION, &region, &err), err));
+
+            // create an image for A
+            img_fmt = { CL_R, CL_FLOAT};
+            memset(&img_desc, 0, sizeof(img_desc));
+            img_desc.image_type = CL_MEM_OBJECT_IMAGE1D_BUFFER;
+            img_desc.image_width = M * K / 4;    // Divide by 4 for char -> float
+            img_desc.buffer = extra0_q8_0->q;
+            CL_CHECK((a_img = clCreateImage(context, CL_MEM_READ_ONLY, &img_fmt, &img_desc, NULL, &err), err));
+
+            // create an image for Scale
+            img_fmt = { CL_R, CL_HALF_FLOAT};
+            memset(&img_desc, 0, sizeof(img_desc));
+            img_desc.image_type = CL_MEM_OBJECT_IMAGE1D_BUFFER;
+            img_desc.image_width = M * K / 32;    // Block size is 32
+            img_desc.buffer = extra0_q8_0->d;
+            CL_CHECK((s_img = clCreateImage(context, CL_MEM_READ_ONLY, &img_fmt, &img_desc, NULL, &err), err));
+
+            // create an image for B from sub_buffer
+            img_fmt = {CL_R, CL_FLOAT};
+            memset(&img_desc, 0, sizeof(img_desc));
+            img_desc.image_type = CL_MEM_OBJECT_IMAGE1D_BUFFER;
+            img_desc.image_width = K_pad * N;
+            img_desc.buffer = b_sub_buf;
+            CL_CHECK((b_img = clCreateImage(context, CL_MEM_READ_ONLY, &img_fmt, &img_desc, NULL, &err), err));
+
+            // img for d
+            img_fmt = {CL_R, CL_FLOAT};
+            memset(&img_desc, 0, sizeof(img_desc));
+            img_desc.image_type = CL_MEM_OBJECT_IMAGE1D_BUFFER;
+            img_desc.image_width = M * N;
+            img_desc.buffer = d_sub_buf;
+            CL_CHECK((d_img = clCreateImage(context, CL_MEM_WRITE_ONLY, &img_fmt, &img_desc, NULL, &err), err));
+
+            // gemm
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_gemm_noshuffle_q8_0_f32_bin;
+
+            bool layoutA_Mfirst = true;
+            bool layoutS_Mfirst = true;
+            bool layoutB_Nfirst = false;
+            bool layoutC_Mfirst = true;
+
+            cl_uint lineStrideMatrixAinBytes = layoutA_Mfirst ? M * 4 : K;                // int8
+            cl_uint lineStrideMatrixSinBytes = layoutS_Mfirst ? M * 2 : (K / 32) * 2;     // fp16
+            cl_uint lineStrideMatrixBinBytes = layoutB_Nfirst ? N * 4 : K_pad * 4;        // fp32
+            cl_uint lineStrideMatrixCinBytes = layoutC_Mfirst ? M * 4 : N * 4;            // fp32
+
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem), &a_img));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_mem), &s_img));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem), &b_img));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(int),    &extra1->offset));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(cl_mem), &d_img));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(int),    &extrad->offset));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(int),    &K));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(int),    &lineStrideMatrixAinBytes));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(int),    &lineStrideMatrixSinBytes));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(int),    &lineStrideMatrixBinBytes));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(int),    &lineStrideMatrixCinBytes));
+
+            size_t global_work_size[] = { 64, (size_t)CEIL_DIV(M, 64), (size_t)CEIL_DIV(N, 64)};
+            size_t local_work_size[]  = { 64, 2, 2 };
+
+            backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
+
+            CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(b_sub_buf));
+            CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(d_sub_buf));
+            CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(a_img));
+            CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(s_img));
+            CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(b_img));
+            CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(d_img));
+            return;
+        }
+
         cl_mem b_sub_buf = nullptr;
         cl_mem b_sub_buf_trans = nullptr;
         cl_mem b_img = nullptr;
@@ -17825,6 +18098,9 @@ static void ggml_cl_mul_mat_id(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0,
 
                 } else { // for gemm
                     kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_gemm_moe_q4_0_f32_ns;
+                    if (backend_ctx->kernel_gemm_moe_q4_0_f32_ns_bin) {
+                        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_gemm_moe_q4_0_f32_ns_bin;
+                    }
 
                     // Reorder router if called from test-backend-ops or when new router is generated.
                     // Otherwise reuse the reordered result from previous mul_mat_id call.
@@ -17870,6 +18146,11 @@ static void ggml_cl_mul_mat_id(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0,
                     cl_image_desc image_desc_buf_src1;
                     image_format_buf_src1 = {CL_RGBA, CL_FLOAT};
                     image_desc_buf_src1 = {CL_MEM_OBJECT_IMAGE1D_BUFFER, static_cast<size_t>(ne00 * max_post_router_tile * n_tile_size / 4), 0,0,0,0,0,0,0, {buf_src1_reordered}};
+                    if (backend_ctx->kernel_gemm_moe_q4_0_f32_ns_bin) {
+                        // bin kernel uses slightly different image format
+                        image_format_buf_src1 = {CL_R, CL_FLOAT};
+                        image_desc_buf_src1.image_width = static_cast<size_t>(ne00 * max_post_router_tile * n_tile_size);
+                    }
                     image_src1_reordered = clCreateImage(backend_ctx->context, CL_MEM_READ_ONLY, &image_format_buf_src1, &image_desc_buf_src1, NULL, &status);
                     CL_CHECK(status);
 
@@ -18042,6 +18323,9 @@ static void ggml_cl_mul_mat_id(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0,
 
                 } else { // for gemm
                     kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_gemm_moe_q4_1_f32_ns;
+                    if (backend_ctx->kernel_gemm_moe_q4_1_f32_ns_bin) {
+                        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_gemm_moe_q4_1_f32_ns_bin;
+                    }
 
                     // Reorder router if called from test-backend-ops or when new router is generated.
                     // Otherwise reuse the reordered result from previous mul_mat_id call.
@@ -18087,6 +18371,11 @@ static void ggml_cl_mul_mat_id(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0,
                     cl_image_desc image_desc_buf_src1;
                     image_format_buf_src1 = {CL_RGBA, CL_FLOAT};
                     image_desc_buf_src1 = {CL_MEM_OBJECT_IMAGE1D_BUFFER, static_cast<size_t>(ne00 * max_post_router_tile * n_tile_size / 4), 0,0,0,0,0,0,0, {buf_src1_reordered}};
+                    if (backend_ctx->kernel_gemm_moe_q4_1_f32_ns_bin) {
+                        // bin kernel uses slightly different image format
+                        image_format_buf_src1 = {CL_R, CL_FLOAT};
+                        image_desc_buf_src1.image_width = static_cast<size_t>(ne00 * max_post_router_tile * n_tile_size);
+                    }
                     image_src1_reordered = clCreateImage(backend_ctx->context, CL_MEM_READ_ONLY, &image_format_buf_src1, &image_desc_buf_src1, NULL, &status);
                     CL_CHECK(status);
 
@@ -18648,6 +18937,9 @@ static void ggml_cl_mul_mat_id(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0,
 
                 } else { // for gemm
                     kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_gemm_moe_q4_k_f32_ns;
+                    if (backend_ctx->kernel_gemm_moe_q4_k_f32_ns_bin) {
+                        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_gemm_moe_q4_k_f32_ns_bin;
+                    }
 
                     // Reorder router if called from test-backend-ops or when new router is generated.
                     // Otherwise reuse the reordered result from previous mul_mat_id call.
@@ -18689,6 +18981,11 @@ static void ggml_cl_mul_mat_id(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0,
                     CL_CHECK(status);
                     cl_image_format image_format_buf_src1 = {CL_RGBA, CL_FLOAT};
                     cl_image_desc image_desc_buf_src1 = {CL_MEM_OBJECT_IMAGE1D_BUFFER, static_cast<size_t>(ne00 * max_post_router_tile * n_tile_size / 4), 0,0,0,0,0,0,0, {buf_src1_reordered}};
+                    if (backend_ctx->kernel_gemm_moe_q4_k_f32_ns_bin) {
+                        // bin kernel uses slightly different image format
+                        image_format_buf_src1 = {CL_R, CL_FLOAT};
+                        image_desc_buf_src1.image_width = static_cast<size_t>(ne00 * max_post_router_tile * n_tile_size);
+                    }
                     image_src1_reordered = clCreateImage(backend_ctx->context, CL_MEM_READ_ONLY, &image_format_buf_src1, &image_desc_buf_src1, NULL, &status);
                     CL_CHECK(status);
 
@@ -19172,6 +19469,9 @@ static void ggml_cl_mul_mat_id(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0,
 
                 } else { // for gemm
                     kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_gemm_moe_mxfp4_f32_ns;
+                    if (backend_ctx->kernel_gemm_moe_mxfp4_f32_ns_bin) {
+                        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_gemm_moe_mxfp4_f32_ns_bin;
+                    }
 
                     // Reorder router if called from test-backend-ops or when new router is generated.
                     // Otherwise reuse the reordered result from previous mul_mat_id call.
@@ -19218,6 +19518,11 @@ static void ggml_cl_mul_mat_id(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0,
                     cl_image_desc image_desc_buf_src1;
                     image_format_buf_src1 = {CL_RGBA, CL_FLOAT};
                     image_desc_buf_src1 = {CL_MEM_OBJECT_IMAGE1D_BUFFER, static_cast<size_t>(ne00 * max_post_router_tile * n_tile_size / 4), 0,0,0,0,0,0,0, {buf_src1_reordered}};
+                    if (backend_ctx->kernel_gemm_moe_mxfp4_f32_ns_bin) {
+                        // bin kernel uses slightly different image format
+                        image_format_buf_src1 = {CL_R, CL_FLOAT};
+                        image_desc_buf_src1.image_width = static_cast<size_t>(ne00 * max_post_router_tile * n_tile_size);
+                    }
                     image_src1_reordered = clCreateImage(backend_ctx->context, CL_MEM_READ_ONLY, &image_format_buf_src1, &image_desc_buf_src1, NULL, &status);
                     CL_CHECK(status);
 

ggml/src/ggml-opencl/libdl.h

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#   define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#   ifndef NOMINMAX
+#       define NOMINMAX
+#   endif
+#   include <windows.h>
+#   include <winevt.h>
+#else
+#    include <dlfcn.h>
+#    include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+#include <filesystem>
+
+namespace fs = std::filesystem;
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+
+using dl_handle = std::remove_pointer_t<HMODULE>;
+
+struct dl_handle_deleter {
+    void operator()(HMODULE handle) {
+        FreeLibrary(handle);
+    }
+};
+
+static inline dl_handle * dl_load_library(const fs::path & path) {
+    // suppress error dialogs for missing DLLs
+    DWORD old_mode = SetErrorMode(SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS);
+    SetErrorMode(old_mode | SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS);
+
+    HMODULE handle = LoadLibraryW(path.wstring().c_str());
+
+    SetErrorMode(old_mode);
+
+    return handle;
+}
+
+static inline void * dl_get_sym(dl_handle * handle, const char * name) {
+    DWORD old_mode = SetErrorMode(SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS);
+    SetErrorMode(old_mode | SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS);
+
+    void * p = (void *) GetProcAddress(handle, name);
+
+    SetErrorMode(old_mode);
+
+    return p;
+}
+
+static inline const char * dl_error() {
+    return "";
+}
+
+#else
+
+using dl_handle = void;
+
+struct dl_handle_deleter {
+    void operator()(void * handle) {
+        dlclose(handle);
+    }
+};
+
+static inline dl_handle * dl_load_library(const fs::path & path) {
+    dl_handle * handle = dlopen(path.string().c_str(), RTLD_NOW | RTLD_LOCAL);
+    return handle;
+}
+
+static inline void * dl_get_sym(dl_handle * handle, const char * name) {
+    return dlsym(handle, name);
+}
+
+static inline const char * dl_error() {
+    const char *rslt = dlerror();
+    return rslt != nullptr ? rslt : "";
+}
+
+#endif

include/llama.h

@@ -159,6 +159,9 @@ extern "C" {
         LLAMA_FTYPE_GUESSED = 1024, // not specified in the model file
     };
 
+    // Get the model file type (quantization) as a string, e.g. "Q8_0" or "Q4_K - Medium"
+    LLAMA_API const char * llama_ftype_name(enum llama_ftype ftype);
+
     enum llama_rope_scaling_type {
         LLAMA_ROPE_SCALING_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED = -1,
         LLAMA_ROPE_SCALING_TYPE_NONE        = 0,
@@ -606,6 +609,9 @@ extern "C" {
     // Get a string describing the model type
     LLAMA_API int32_t llama_model_desc(const struct llama_model * model, char * buf, size_t buf_size);
 
+    // Get the model file type (quantization), e.g. LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q8_0
+    LLAMA_API enum llama_ftype llama_model_ftype(const struct llama_model * model);
+
     // Returns the total size of all the tensors in the model in bytes
     LLAMA_API uint64_t llama_model_size(const struct llama_model * model);
 

scripts/sync_vendor.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import os
 import sys
 import subprocess
 
-HTTPLIB_VERSION = "refs/tags/v0.48.0"
+HTTPLIB_VERSION = "refs/tags/v0.49.0"
 
 vendor = {
     "https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/latest/download/json.hpp":     "vendor/nlohmann/json.hpp",

src/llama-model-loader.cpp

@@ -27,52 +27,54 @@ const char * llama_file_version_name(llama_fver version) {
     return "unknown";
 }
 
-static std::string llama_model_ftype_name(llama_ftype ftype) {
-    if (ftype & LLAMA_FTYPE_GUESSED) {
-        return llama_model_ftype_name((enum llama_ftype) (ftype & ~LLAMA_FTYPE_GUESSED)) + " (guessed)";
-    }
+#define LLAMA_FTYPE_PREFIX "(guessed) "
 
-    switch (ftype) {
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_ALL_F32:         return "all F32";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_F16:      return "F16";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_BF16:     return "BF16";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q1_0:     return "Q1_0";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_0:     return "Q4_0";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_1:     return "Q4_1";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q5_0:     return "Q5_0";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q5_1:     return "Q5_1";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q8_0:     return "Q8_0";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_MXFP4_MOE: return "MXFP4 MoE";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_NVFP4:    return "NVFP4";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q2_K:     return "Q2_K - Medium";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q2_K_S:   return "Q2_K - Small";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q3_K_S:   return "Q3_K - Small";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q3_K_M:   return "Q3_K - Medium";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q3_K_L:   return "Q3_K - Large";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_K_S:   return "Q4_K - Small";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_K_M:   return "Q4_K - Medium";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q5_K_S:   return "Q5_K - Small";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q5_K_M:   return "Q5_K - Medium";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q6_K:     return "Q6_K";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_TQ1_0:    return "TQ1_0 - 1.69 bpw ternary";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_TQ2_0:    return "TQ2_0 - 2.06 bpw ternary";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ2_XXS:  return "IQ2_XXS - 2.0625 bpw";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ2_XS:   return "IQ2_XS - 2.3125 bpw";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ2_S:    return "IQ2_S - 2.5 bpw";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ2_M:    return "IQ2_M - 2.7 bpw";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ3_XS:   return "IQ3_XS - 3.3 bpw";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ3_XXS:  return "IQ3_XXS - 3.0625 bpw";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ1_S:    return "IQ1_S - 1.5625 bpw";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ1_M:    return "IQ1_M - 1.75 bpw";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ4_NL:   return "IQ4_NL - 4.5 bpw";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ4_XS:   return "IQ4_XS - 4.25 bpw";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ3_S:    return "IQ3_S - 3.4375 bpw";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ3_M:    return "IQ3_S mix - 3.66 bpw";
-
-        default: return "unknown, may not work";
+const char * llama_ftype_name(llama_ftype ftype) {
+    static constexpr size_t guessed_prefix_len = sizeof(LLAMA_FTYPE_PREFIX) - 1;
+    const char * name;
+    switch ((enum llama_ftype) (ftype & ~LLAMA_FTYPE_GUESSED)) {
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_ALL_F32:          name = LLAMA_FTYPE_PREFIX "all F32"; break;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_F16:       name = LLAMA_FTYPE_PREFIX "F16"; break;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_BF16:      name = LLAMA_FTYPE_PREFIX "BF16"; break;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q1_0:      name = LLAMA_FTYPE_PREFIX "Q1_0"; break;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_0:      name = LLAMA_FTYPE_PREFIX "Q4_0"; break;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_1:      name = LLAMA_FTYPE_PREFIX "Q4_1"; break;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q5_0:      name = LLAMA_FTYPE_PREFIX "Q5_0"; break;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q5_1:      name = LLAMA_FTYPE_PREFIX "Q5_1"; break;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q8_0:      name = LLAMA_FTYPE_PREFIX "Q8_0"; break;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_MXFP4_MOE: name = LLAMA_FTYPE_PREFIX "MXFP4 MoE"; break;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_NVFP4:     name = LLAMA_FTYPE_PREFIX "NVFP4"; break;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q2_K:      name = LLAMA_FTYPE_PREFIX "Q2_K - Medium"; break;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q2_K_S:    name = LLAMA_FTYPE_PREFIX "Q2_K - Small"; break;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q3_K_S:    name = LLAMA_FTYPE_PREFIX "Q3_K - Small"; break;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q3_K_M:    name = LLAMA_FTYPE_PREFIX "Q3_K - Medium"; break;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q3_K_L:    name = LLAMA_FTYPE_PREFIX "Q3_K - Large"; break;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_K_S:    name = LLAMA_FTYPE_PREFIX "Q4_K - Small"; break;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_K_M:    name = LLAMA_FTYPE_PREFIX "Q4_K - Medium"; break;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q5_K_S:    name = LLAMA_FTYPE_PREFIX "Q5_K - Small"; break;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q5_K_M:    name = LLAMA_FTYPE_PREFIX "Q5_K - Medium"; break;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q6_K:      name = LLAMA_FTYPE_PREFIX "Q6_K"; break;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_TQ1_0:     name = LLAMA_FTYPE_PREFIX "TQ1_0 - 1.69 bpw ternary"; break;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_TQ2_0:     name = LLAMA_FTYPE_PREFIX "TQ2_0 - 2.06 bpw ternary"; break;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ2_XXS:   name = LLAMA_FTYPE_PREFIX "IQ2_XXS - 2.0625 bpw"; break;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ2_XS:    name = LLAMA_FTYPE_PREFIX "IQ2_XS - 2.3125 bpw"; break;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ2_S:     name = LLAMA_FTYPE_PREFIX "IQ2_S - 2.5 bpw"; break;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ2_M:     name = LLAMA_FTYPE_PREFIX "IQ2_M - 2.7 bpw"; break;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ3_XS:    name = LLAMA_FTYPE_PREFIX "IQ3_XS - 3.3 bpw"; break;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ3_XXS:   name = LLAMA_FTYPE_PREFIX "IQ3_XXS - 3.0625 bpw"; break;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ1_S:     name = LLAMA_FTYPE_PREFIX "IQ1_S - 1.5625 bpw"; break;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ1_M:     name = LLAMA_FTYPE_PREFIX "IQ1_M - 1.75 bpw"; break;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ4_NL:    name = LLAMA_FTYPE_PREFIX "IQ4_NL - 4.5 bpw"; break;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ4_XS:    name = LLAMA_FTYPE_PREFIX "IQ4_XS - 4.25 bpw"; break;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ3_S:     name = LLAMA_FTYPE_PREFIX "IQ3_S - 3.4375 bpw"; break;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ3_M:     name = LLAMA_FTYPE_PREFIX "IQ3_S mix - 3.66 bpw"; break;
+        default:                           name = LLAMA_FTYPE_PREFIX "unknown, may not work"; break;
     }
+    return (ftype & LLAMA_FTYPE_GUESSED) ? name : name + guessed_prefix_len;
 }
 
+#undef LLAMA_FTYPE_PREFIX
+
 // return a list of splits for a given path
 // for example, given "<name>-00002-of-00004.gguf", returns list of all 4 splits
 static std::vector<std::string> llama_get_list_splits(const std::string & path, const int idx, const int n_split) {
@@ -1693,12 +1695,12 @@ bool llama_model_loader::load_all_data(
 }
 
 std::string llama_model_loader::ftype_name() const {
-    return llama_model_ftype_name(ftype);
+    return llama_ftype_name(ftype);
 }
 
 void llama_model_loader::print_info() const {
     LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: file format = %s\n", __func__, llama_file_version_name(fver));
-    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: file type   = %s\n", __func__, llama_model_ftype_name(ftype).c_str());
+    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: file type   = %s\n", __func__, llama_ftype_name(ftype));
     if (n_bytes < GiB) {
         LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: file size   = %.2f MiB (%.2f BPW) \n", __func__, n_bytes/1024.0/1024.0,        n_bytes*8.0/n_elements);
     } else {

src/llama-model.cpp

@@ -987,6 +987,8 @@ struct llama_model::impl {
 
     std::string desc_str;
 
+    llama_ftype ftype = LLAMA_FTYPE_ALL_F32;
+
     // model memory mapped files
     llama_mmaps mappings;
 
@@ -1200,6 +1202,8 @@ void llama_model_base::load_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
 
     pimpl->desc_str = arch_name() + " " + type_name() + " " + ml.ftype_name();
 
+    pimpl->ftype = ml.ftype;
+
     if (hparams.f_max_alibi_bias > 0.0f) {
         hparams.use_alibi = true;
     }
@@ -1646,6 +1650,10 @@ std::string llama_model::desc() const {
     return pimpl->desc_str;
 }
 
+llama_ftype llama_model::ftype() const {
+    return pimpl->ftype;
+}
+
 size_t llama_model::size() const {
     return pimpl->n_bytes;
 }
@@ -2616,6 +2624,10 @@ int32_t llama_model_desc(const llama_model * model, char * buf, size_t buf_size)
     return snprintf(buf, buf_size, "%s", model->desc().c_str());
 }
 
+llama_ftype llama_model_ftype(const llama_model * model) {
+    return model->ftype();
+}
+
 uint64_t llama_model_size(const llama_model * model) {
     return model->size();
 }

src/llama-model.h

@@ -637,6 +637,8 @@ struct llama_model {
 
     std::string desc() const;
 
+    llama_ftype ftype() const;
+
     size_t size() const; // file size
     size_t n_tensors() const;
     size_t n_devices() const;

tools/cli/cli.cpp

@@ -448,6 +448,9 @@ int llama_cli(int argc, char ** argv) {
     console::log("%s\n", LLAMA_ASCII_LOGO);
     console::log("build      : %s\n", inf.build_info.c_str());
     console::log("model      : %s\n", inf.model_name.c_str());
+    if (!inf.model_ftype.empty()) {
+        console::log("ftype      : %s\n", inf.model_ftype.c_str());
+    }
     console::log("modalities : %s\n", modalities.c_str());
     if (!params.system_prompt.empty()) {
         console::log("using custom system prompt\n");

tools/server/README.md

@@ -521,6 +521,8 @@ These words will not be included in the completion, so make sure to add them to
 
 `return_progress`: Include prompt processing progress in `stream` mode. The progress will be contained inside `prompt_progress` with 4 values: `total`, `cache`, `processed`, and `time_ms`. The overall progress is `processed/total`, while the actual timed progress is `(processed-cache)/(total-cache)`. The `time_ms` field contains the elapsed time in milliseconds since prompt processing started. Default: `false`
 
+`sse_ping_interval`: Interval in seconds between SSE comment pings emitted while the stream stays silent, keeping the connection observable during long prompt processing. Overrides the server `--sse-ping-interval` setting for this request, `-1` disables pings. Default: server setting
+
 `post_sampling_probs`: Returns the probabilities of top `n_probs` tokens after applying sampling chain.
 
 `response_fields`: A list of response fields, for example: `"response_fields": ["content", "generation_settings/n_predict"]`. If the specified field is missing, it will simply be omitted from the response without triggering an error. Note that fields with a slash will be unnested; for example, `generation_settings/n_predict` will move the field `n_predict` from the `generation_settings` object to the root of the response and give it a new name.

tools/server/server-context.cpp

@@ -3989,6 +3989,8 @@ server_context_meta server_context::get_meta() const {
     auto bos_token_str = bos_id != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL ? common_token_to_piece(impl->ctx_tgt, bos_id, true) : "";
     auto eos_token_str = eos_id != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL ? common_token_to_piece(impl->ctx_tgt, eos_id, true) : "";
 
+    const char * ftype_name = llama_ftype_name(llama_model_ftype(impl->model_tgt));
+
     return server_context_meta {
         /* build_info             */ std::string(llama_build_info()),
         /* model_name             */ impl->model_name,
@@ -4023,6 +4025,7 @@ server_context_meta server_context::get_meta() const {
         /* model_n_embd_inp       */ llama_model_n_embd(impl->model_tgt),
         /* model_n_params         */ llama_model_n_params(impl->model_tgt),
         /* model_size             */ llama_model_size(impl->model_tgt),
+        /* model_ftype            */ ftype_name,
     };
 }
 
@@ -4086,6 +4089,8 @@ std::unique_ptr<server_res_generator> server_routes::handle_completions_impl(
     auto & rd = res->rd;
     auto & params = this->params;
 
+    int32_t sse_ping_interval = params.sse_ping_interval;
+
     try {
         std::vector<server_task> tasks;
 
@@ -4136,6 +4141,7 @@ std::unique_ptr<server_res_generator> server_routes::handle_completions_impl(
             task.params.message_spans = task.tokens.find_message_spans(delimiters);
 
             task.id_slot = json_value(data, "id_slot", -1);
+            sse_ping_interval = task.params.sse_ping_interval;
 
             // OAI-compat
             task.params.res_type          = res_type;
@@ -4225,7 +4231,7 @@ std::unique_ptr<server_res_generator> server_routes::handle_completions_impl(
         }
         res->status = 200;
         res->content_type = "text/event-stream";
-        res->next = [res_this = res.get(), res_type, &req, &params](std::string & output) -> bool {
+        res->next = [res_this = res.get(), res_type, sse_ping_interval, &req](std::string & output) -> bool {
             static auto format_error = [](task_response_type res_type, const json & res_json) {
                 if (res_type == TASK_RESPONSE_TYPE_ANTHROPIC) {
                     return format_anthropic_sse({
@@ -4274,10 +4280,10 @@ std::unique_ptr<server_res_generator> server_routes::handle_completions_impl(
                 // receive subsequent results
                 bool timeout = false;
                 int64_t start_time = ggml_time_ms();
-                auto result = rd.next([&timeout, &start_time, &params, &effective_should_stop]() {
+                auto result = rd.next([&timeout, &start_time, sse_ping_interval, &effective_should_stop]() {
                     if (effective_should_stop()) {
                         return true; // should_stop condition met
-                    } else if (params.sse_ping_interval > 0 && ggml_time_ms() - start_time > (int64_t)params.sse_ping_interval * 1000) {
+                    } else if (sse_ping_interval > 0 && ggml_time_ms() - start_time > (int64_t)sse_ping_interval * 1000) {
                         timeout = true;
                         return true; // timeout
                     }
@@ -5118,6 +5124,7 @@ json server_routes::get_model_info() const {
             {"n_embd",      meta->model_n_embd_inp},
             {"n_params",    meta->model_n_params},
             {"size",        meta->model_size},
+            {"ftype",       meta->model_ftype},
         }},
     };
 }

tools/server/server-context.h

@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ struct server_context_meta {
     int32_t model_n_embd_inp;
     uint64_t model_n_params;
     uint64_t model_size;
+    std::string model_ftype;
 };
 
 enum server_state {

tools/server/server-schema.cpp

@@ -37,6 +37,10 @@ std::vector<std::unique_ptr<field>> make_llama_cmpl_schema(const common_params &
     add((new field_bool("return_progress", params.return_progress))
         ->set_desc("Include prompt processing progress events in stream mode"));
 
+    add((new field_num("sse_ping_interval", params.sse_ping_interval))
+        ->set_hard_limits(-1, INT32_MAX)
+        ->set_desc("Interval in seconds between SSE comment pings emitted while the stream stays silent, -1 disables pings"));
+
     add((new field_num("n_predict", params.n_predict))
         ->set_hard_limits(-1, INT32_MAX)
         ->add_alias("max_completion_tokens")
@@ -504,6 +508,7 @@ task_params eval_llama_cmpl_schema(
     params.n_cache_reuse = params_base.n_cache_reuse;
     params.cache_prompt  = params_base.cache_prompt;
     params.antiprompt    = params_base.antiprompt;
+    params.sse_ping_interval = params_base.sse_ping_interval;
 
     // enabling this will output extra debug information in the HTTP responses from the server
     params.verbose       = params_base.verbosity > 9;

tools/server/server-task.h

@@ -54,6 +54,8 @@ struct task_params {
     bool return_tokens   = false;
     bool return_progress = false;
 
+    int32_t sse_ping_interval = 30; // seconds between SSE comment pings while the stream stays silent, -1 disables
+
     int32_t n_keep    =  0; // number of tokens to keep from initial prompt
     int32_t n_discard =  0; // number of tokens after n_keep that may be discarded when shifting context, 0 defaults to half
     int32_t n_predict = -1; // new tokens to predict

tools/ui/src/lib/components/app/chat/ChatForm/ChatFormActions/ChatFormActionAdd/ChatFormActionAddMcpServersSubmenu.svelte

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 	let mcpSearchQuery = $state('');
 	let allMcpServers = $derived(mcpStore.getServersSorted());
-	let mcpServers = $derived(allMcpServers.filter((s) => s.enabled));
+	let mcpServers = $derived(mcpStore.visibleMcpServers);
 	let hasMcpServers = $derived(mcpServers.length > 0);
 	// let hasAnyMcpServers = $derived(allMcpServers.length > 0);
 	let filteredMcpServers = $derived.by(() => {

tools/ui/src/lib/components/app/chat/ChatForm/ChatFormActions/ChatFormActionAdd/ChatFormActionAddSheet.svelte

@@ -74,9 +74,7 @@
 	const sheetItemRowClass =
 		'flex w-full items-center justify-between gap-2 rounded-md px-3 py-2 text-left text-sm transition-colors hover:bg-accent';
 
-	function getEnabledMcpServers() {
-		return mcpStore.getServersSorted().filter((s) => s.enabled);
-	}
+	let visibleMcpServers = $derived(mcpStore.visibleMcpServers);
 </script>
 
 <div class="flex items-center gap-1 {className}">
@@ -153,13 +151,13 @@
 						<span class="flex-1">MCP Servers</span>
 
 						<span class="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-							{getEnabledMcpServers().length} server{getEnabledMcpServers().length !== 1 ? 's' : ''}
+							{visibleMcpServers.length} server{visibleMcpServers.length !== 1 ? 's' : ''}
 						</span>
 					</Collapsible.Trigger>
 
 					<Collapsible.Content>
 						<div class="flex flex-col gap-0.5 pl-4">
-							{#each getEnabledMcpServers() as server (server.id)}
+							{#each visibleMcpServers as server (server.id)}
 								{@const healthState = mcpStore.getHealthCheckState(server.id)}
 								{@const hasError = healthState.status === HealthCheckStatus.ERROR}
 								{@const displayName = mcpStore.getServerLabel(server)}
@@ -202,7 +200,7 @@
 								</button>
 							{/each}
 
-							{#if getEnabledMcpServers().length === 0}
+							{#if visibleMcpServers.length === 0}
 								<div class="px-3 py-2 text-center text-sm text-muted-foreground">
 									No MCP servers configured
 								</div>

tools/ui/src/lib/components/app/chat/ChatMessages/ChatMessage/ChatMessage.svelte

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
 		assistantMessages: number;
 		messageTypes: string[];
 	} | null>(null);
-	let editedContent = $state(message.content);
+	let editedContent = $derived(message.content);
 
 	let rawEditContent = $derived.by(() => {
 		if (message.role !== MessageRole.ASSISTANT) return undefined;

tools/ui/src/lib/components/app/chat/ChatMessages/ChatMessageActions/ChatMessageActionCard/ChatMessageActionCardPermissionRequest.svelte

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 <script lang="ts">
 	import { ChevronDown, ShieldQuestion } from '@lucide/svelte';
 	import { ChatMessageActionCard } from '$lib/components/app';
-	import { Button } from '$lib/components/ui/button';
+	import { Button, buttonVariants } from '$lib/components/ui/button';
 	import * as ButtonGroup from '$lib/components/ui/button-group';
+	import { cn } from '$lib/components/ui/utils';
 	import * as DropdownMenu from '$lib/components/ui/dropdown-menu';
 	import { ToolSource, ToolPermissionDecision } from '$lib/enums';
 	import { TOOL_SERVER_LABELS } from '$lib/constants';
@@ -19,25 +20,17 @@
 
 <ChatMessageActionCard icon={ShieldQuestion}>
 	{#snippet message()}
-		Allow use of
-
-		<span class="font-semibold">{toolName}</span>
-
-		{#if serverLabel}
-			from <span class="font-semibold">{serverLabel}</span>
-		{/if}
-
-		?
+		Allow use of <span class="font-semibold">{toolName}</span>{#if serverLabel}
+			from <span class="font-semibold">{serverLabel}</span>{/if}?
 	{/snippet}
 
 	{#snippet actions()}
 		<DropdownMenu.Root>
-			<ButtonGroup.Root
-				class="overflow-hidden rounded-md bg-foreground text-white shadow-sm dark:bg-secondary dark:text-foreground"
-			>
+			<ButtonGroup.Root class="overflow-hidden rounded-md shadow-sm">
 				<Button
-					class="rounded-none! shadow-none!"
+					variant="secondary"
 					size="sm"
+					class="!rounded-r-none !shadow-none"
 					onclick={() => onDecision(ToolPermissionDecision.ONCE)}
 				>
 					Allow once
@@ -45,10 +38,14 @@
 
 				<ButtonGroup.Separator />
 
-				<DropdownMenu.Trigger>
-					<Button size="sm" class="rounded-none! !ps-2 shadow-none!">
-						<ChevronDown class="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
-					</Button>
+				<DropdownMenu.Trigger
+					class={cn(
+						buttonVariants({ variant: 'secondary', size: 'sm' }),
+						'inline-flex cursor-pointer items-center !rounded-l-none !shadow-none !px-2'
+					)}
+					aria-label="More allow options"
+				>
+					<ChevronDown class="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
 				</DropdownMenu.Trigger>
 			</ButtonGroup.Root>
 
@@ -76,12 +73,7 @@
 			</DropdownMenu.Content>
 		</DropdownMenu.Root>
 
-		<Button
-			variant="destructive"
-			size="sm"
-			class="text-destructive hover:text-destructive"
-			onclick={() => onDecision(ToolPermissionDecision.DENY)}
-		>
+		<Button variant="destructive" size="sm" onclick={() => onDecision(ToolPermissionDecision.DENY)}>
 			Deny
 		</Button>
 	{/snippet}

tools/ui/src/lib/components/app/dialogs/DialogMcpServerAddNew.svelte

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 	import { McpServerForm } from '$lib/components/app/mcp';
 	import { mcpStore } from '$lib/stores/mcp.svelte';
 	import { conversationsStore } from '$lib/stores/conversations.svelte';
-	import { uuid } from '$lib/utils';
+	import { parseHeadersToArray, uuid } from '$lib/utils';
 	import { MCP_SERVER_ID_PREFIX } from '$lib/constants';
 
 	interface Props {
@@ -26,6 +26,10 @@
 			return 'Invalid URL format';
 		}
 	});
+	let newServerHeaderPairsValid = $derived(
+		parseHeadersToArray(newServerHeaders).every((p) => p.key.trim() && p.value.trim())
+	);
+	let canSave = $derived(!newServerUrlError && newServerHeaderPairsValid);
 
 	function handleOpenChange(value: boolean) {
 		if (!value) {
@@ -37,7 +41,7 @@
 	}
 
 	function saveNewServer() {
-		if (newServerUrlError) return;
+		if (!canSave) return;
 
 		const newServerId = uuid() ?? `${MCP_SERVER_ID_PREFIX}-${Date.now()}`;
 
@@ -52,6 +56,11 @@
 
 		handleOpenChange(false);
 	}
+
+	function handleSubmit(event: SubmitEvent) {
+		event.preventDefault();
+		saveNewServer();
+	}
 </script>
 
 <Dialog.Root {open} onOpenChange={handleOpenChange}>
@@ -60,29 +69,27 @@
 			<Dialog.Title>Add New Server</Dialog.Title>
 		</Dialog.Header>
 
-		<div class="space-y-4 py-4">
-			<McpServerForm
-				url={newServerUrl}
-				headers={newServerHeaders}
-				onUrlChange={(v) => (newServerUrl = v)}
-				onHeadersChange={(v) => (newServerHeaders = v)}
-				urlError={newServerUrl ? newServerUrlError : null}
-				id="new-server"
-			/>
-		</div>
+		<form onsubmit={handleSubmit} class="contents">
+			<div class="space-y-4 py-4">
+				<McpServerForm
+					url={newServerUrl}
+					headers={newServerHeaders}
+					onUrlChange={(v) => (newServerUrl = v)}
+					onHeadersChange={(v) => (newServerHeaders = v)}
+					urlError={newServerUrl ? newServerUrlError : null}
+					id="new-server"
+				/>
+			</div>
 
-		<Dialog.Footer>
-			<Button variant="secondary" size="sm" onclick={() => handleOpenChange(false)}>Cancel</Button>
+			<Dialog.Footer>
+				<Button variant="secondary" size="sm" onclick={() => handleOpenChange(false)}>
+					Cancel
+				</Button>
 
-			<Button
-				variant="default"
-				size="sm"
-				onclick={saveNewServer}
-				disabled={!!newServerUrlError}
-				aria-label="Save"
-			>
-				Add
-			</Button>
-		</Dialog.Footer>
+				<Button variant="default" size="sm" type="submit" disabled={!canSave} aria-label="Save">
+					Add
+				</Button>
+			</Dialog.Footer>
+		</form>
 	</Dialog.Content>
 </Dialog.Root>

tools/ui/src/lib/components/app/dialogs/DialogMcpServerRecommendations.svelte

@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+<script lang="ts">
+	import { Button } from '$lib/components/ui/button';
+	import * as Card from '$lib/components/ui/card';
+	import * as Dialog from '$lib/components/ui/dialog';
+	import { fly } from 'svelte/transition';
+	import { McpServerCardCompact, McpServerForm } from '$lib/components/app/mcp';
+	import { RECOMMENDED_MCP_SERVERS } from '$lib/constants';
+	import { conversationsStore } from '$lib/stores/conversations.svelte';
+	import { mcpStore } from '$lib/stores/mcp.svelte';
+	import { uuid } from '$lib/utils';
+	import { MCP_SERVERS_ADDED_TO_CHAT_LOCALSTORAGE_KEY, MCP_SERVER_ID_PREFIX } from '$lib/constants';
+	import type { MCPServerSettingsEntry } from '$lib/types';
+	import { Plus } from '@lucide/svelte';
+
+	interface Props {
+		open: boolean;
+		onOpenChange?: (open: boolean) => void;
+	}
+
+	let { open = $bindable(), onOpenChange }: Props = $props();
+
+	let selected = $state<Record<string, boolean>>(
+		Object.fromEntries(RECOMMENDED_MCP_SERVERS.map((server) => [server.id, false]))
+	);
+
+	let addedServers = $state<MCPServerSettingsEntry[]>([]);
+
+	let showAddForm = $state(false);
+	let newServerUrl = $state('');
+	let newServerHeaders = $state('');
+	let newServerUrlError = $derived.by(() => {
+		if (!newServerUrl.trim()) return 'URL is required';
+		try {
+			new URL(newServerUrl);
+
+			return null;
+		} catch {
+			return 'Invalid URL format';
+		}
+	});
+
+	function handleOpenChange(value: boolean) {
+		if (!value) {
+			showAddForm = false;
+			newServerUrl = '';
+			newServerHeaders = '';
+			addedServers = [];
+
+			localStorage.setItem(MCP_SERVERS_ADDED_TO_CHAT_LOCALSTORAGE_KEY, 'true');
+		}
+		open = value;
+		onOpenChange?.(value);
+	}
+
+	function resetAddForm() {
+		showAddForm = false;
+		newServerUrl = '';
+		newServerHeaders = '';
+	}
+
+	function enableSelected() {
+		localStorage.setItem(MCP_SERVERS_ADDED_TO_CHAT_LOCALSTORAGE_KEY, 'true');
+
+		for (const server of RECOMMENDED_MCP_SERVERS) {
+			if (selected[server.id]) {
+				const existing = mcpStore.getServerById(server.id);
+				if (existing) {
+					mcpStore.updateServer(server.id, { enabled: true });
+				} else {
+					mcpStore.addServer({
+						id: server.id,
+						enabled: true,
+						url: server.url,
+						name: server.name
+					});
+				}
+				conversationsStore.setMcpServerOverride(server.id, true);
+			}
+		}
+		handleOpenChange(false);
+	}
+
+	function saveNewServer() {
+		if (newServerUrlError) return;
+
+		const newServerId = uuid() ?? `${MCP_SERVER_ID_PREFIX}-${Date.now()}`;
+
+		localStorage.setItem(MCP_SERVERS_ADDED_TO_CHAT_LOCALSTORAGE_KEY, 'true');
+
+		const newServer = mcpStore.addServer({
+			id: newServerId,
+			enabled: true,
+			url: newServerUrl.trim(),
+			headers: newServerHeaders.trim() || undefined
+		});
+
+		conversationsStore.setMcpServerOverride(newServerId, true);
+
+		if (newServer) {
+			addedServers = [...addedServers, newServer];
+		}
+
+		resetAddForm();
+	}
+</script>
+
+<Dialog.Root bind:open onOpenChange={handleOpenChange}>
+	<Dialog.Content class="sm:max-w-lg">
+		<Dialog.Header>
+			<Dialog.Title>Do more with MCP</Dialog.Title>
+			<Dialog.Description>
+				Power-up your experience by adding tools, resources and more capabilities provided by MCP
+				servers.
+			</Dialog.Description>
+		</Dialog.Header>
+
+		<div class="max-h-[60vh] space-y-4 overflow-y-auto py-4" in:fly={{ y: 16, duration: 300 }}>
+			<h3 class="text-sm font-semibold">Quickly get started with</h3>
+
+			{#each RECOMMENDED_MCP_SERVERS as server (server.id)}
+				<McpServerCardCompact
+					{server}
+					enabled={selected[server.id]}
+					onToggle={(enabled) => (selected[server.id] = enabled)}
+				/>
+			{/each}
+
+			{#if addedServers.length > 0}
+				{#each addedServers as server (server.id)}
+					<McpServerCardCompact {server} enabled={true} />
+				{/each}
+			{/if}
+
+			{#if showAddForm}
+				<Card.Root class="gap-3! bg-muted/30 p-4">
+					<McpServerForm
+						url={newServerUrl}
+						headers={newServerHeaders}
+						onUrlChange={(v) => (newServerUrl = v)}
+						onHeadersChange={(v) => (newServerHeaders = v)}
+						urlError={newServerUrl ? newServerUrlError : null}
+						id="recommendation-new-server"
+					/>
+
+					<div class="flex justify-end gap-2 pt-2">
+						<Button variant="secondary" size="sm" onclick={resetAddForm}>Cancel</Button>
+
+						<Button
+							variant="default"
+							size="sm"
+							onclick={saveNewServer}
+							disabled={!!newServerUrlError}
+							aria-label="Save"
+						>
+							Add
+						</Button>
+					</div>
+				</Card.Root>
+			{:else}
+				<Card.Root class="gap-0 border-dashed bg-muted/30 p-0 transition-colors hover:bg-muted/50">
+					<button
+						type="button"
+						class="flex w-full items-center justify-center gap-2 rounded-lg p-6 text-sm text-muted-foreground transition-colors hover:text-foreground"
+						onclick={() => (showAddForm = true)}
+						aria-label="Add your own MCP server"
+					>
+						<Plus class="h-4 w-4" />
+						<span>Add your own server</span>
+					</button>
+				</Card.Root>
+			{/if}
+		</div>
+
+		<Dialog.Footer>
+			<Button variant="secondary" size="sm" onclick={() => handleOpenChange(false)}>Not now</Button>
+
+			<Button variant="default" size="sm" onclick={enableSelected}>Add selected</Button>
+		</Dialog.Footer>
+	</Dialog.Content>
+</Dialog.Root>

tools/ui/src/lib/components/app/dialogs/index.ts

@@ -18,6 +18,15 @@
  */
 export { default as DialogMcpServerAddNew } from './DialogMcpServerAddNew.svelte';
 
+/**
+ * **DialogMcpServerRecommendations** - Suggested MCP servers opt-in dialog
+ *
+ * Prompts the user to enable pre-defined recommended MCP servers on first launch.
+ * Shows one switch per suggested server and persists the choice as a per-chat
+ * override so the selected servers become available in conversations.
+ */
+export { default as DialogMcpServerRecommendations } from './DialogMcpServerRecommendations.svelte';
+
 /**
  * **DialogExportSettings** - Settings export dialog with sensitive data warning
  *

tools/ui/src/lib/components/app/forms/KeyValuePairs.svelte

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 <script lang="ts">
+	import { tick } from 'svelte';
 	import { Plus, Trash2 } from '@lucide/svelte';
 	import { Input } from '$lib/components/ui/input';
 	import {
@@ -33,8 +34,18 @@
 		sectionLabelOptional = true
 	}: Props = $props();
 
-	function addPair() {
+	// Pre-allocate the ref array so `bind:ref={keyInputRefs[index]}` never reads `undefined`
+	// for in-range indices; the $effect below keeps it in sync when `pairs` grows.
+	// svelte-ignore state_referenced_locally
+	let keyInputRefs: (HTMLInputElement | null)[] = $state(pairs.map(() => null));
+
+	async function addPair() {
+		// Capture the target index before mutating so deletions earlier in the
+		// list can't make keyInputRefs.length drift past the newly-appended row.
+		const newIndex = pairs.length;
 		onPairsChange([...pairs, { key: '', value: '' }]);
+		await tick();
+		keyInputRefs[newIndex]?.focus();
 	}
 
 	function removePair(index: number) {
@@ -76,6 +87,15 @@
 		newPairs[index] = { ...newPairs[index], value: trimmed };
 		onPairsChange(newPairs);
 	}
+
+	// Keep keyInputRefs aligned with pairs length so bind:ref never sees `undefined`.
+	// $effect.pre runs during traversal in tree order, before the {#each} block re-renders,
+	// so newly-appended items always have a defined slot when their binding is set up.
+	$effect.pre(() => {
+		while (keyInputRefs.length < pairs.length) {
+			keyInputRefs.push(null);
+		}
+	});
 </script>
 
 <div class={className}>
@@ -103,6 +123,7 @@
 			{#each pairs as pair, index (index)}
 				<div class="flex items-start gap-2">
 					<Input
+						bind:ref={keyInputRefs[index]}
 						type="text"
 						placeholder={keyPlaceholder}
 						value={pair.key}

tools/ui/src/lib/components/app/mcp/McpServerCard/McpServerCard.svelte

@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@
 			{/if}
 		</div>
 
-		<div class="flex justify-between gap-4">
+		<div class="mt-auto flex justify-between gap-4">
 			{#if showSkeleton}
 				<Skeleton class="h-3 w-28" />
 			{:else if protocolVersion}

tools/ui/src/lib/components/app/mcp/McpServerCard/McpServerCardCompact.svelte

@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+<script lang="ts">
+	import * as Card from '$lib/components/ui/card';
+	import { Badge } from '$lib/components/ui/badge';
+	import { Skeleton } from '$lib/components/ui/skeleton';
+	import { Switch } from '$lib/components/ui/switch';
+	import * as Tooltip from '$lib/components/ui/tooltip';
+	import { McpServerIdentity } from '$lib/components/app/mcp';
+	import { mcpStore } from '$lib/stores/mcp.svelte';
+	import { HealthCheckStatus } from '$lib/enums';
+	import type { MCPServerDisplayInfo, HealthCheckState, MCPServerSettingsEntry } from '$lib/types';
+	import { onMount } from 'svelte';
+	import { MCP_CARD_VISIBLE_TOOL_LIMIT, NEWLINE } from '$lib/constants';
+
+	interface Props {
+		server: MCPServerDisplayInfo & { description?: string };
+		enabled?: boolean;
+		onToggle?: (enabled: boolean) => void;
+	}
+
+	let { server, enabled = false, onToggle }: Props = $props();
+
+	onMount(() => {
+		const state = mcpStore.getHealthCheckState(server.id);
+
+		if (state.status === HealthCheckStatus.IDLE) {
+			mcpStore.runHealthCheck(server as MCPServerSettingsEntry).catch(() => {});
+		}
+	});
+
+	let healthState = $derived<HealthCheckState>(mcpStore.getHealthCheckState(server.id));
+	let displayName = $derived(mcpStore.getServerLabel(server));
+	let faviconUrl = $derived(mcpStore.getServerFavicon(server.id));
+	let isIdle = $derived(healthState.status === HealthCheckStatus.IDLE);
+	let isHealthChecking = $derived(healthState.status === HealthCheckStatus.CONNECTING);
+	let isError = $derived(healthState.status === HealthCheckStatus.ERROR);
+	let errorMessage = $derived(
+		healthState.status === HealthCheckStatus.ERROR ? healthState.message : undefined
+	);
+	let serverInfo = $derived(
+		healthState.status === HealthCheckStatus.SUCCESS ? healthState.serverInfo : undefined
+	);
+	let tools = $derived(healthState.status === HealthCheckStatus.SUCCESS ? healthState.tools : []);
+	let instructions = $derived(
+		healthState.status === HealthCheckStatus.SUCCESS ? healthState.instructions : undefined
+	);
+	let showSkeleton = $derived(isIdle || isHealthChecking);
+
+	// Curated descriptions get two lines; instructions fallback is one line so the
+	// compact card stays scannable.
+	let description = $derived.by(() => {
+		if (server.description) {
+			return { text: server.description, lines: 2 };
+		}
+		if (!instructions) return null;
+		const firstLine = instructions.split(NEWLINE).find((line: string) => line.trim().length > 0);
+		const trimmed = firstLine?.trim();
+		return trimmed ? { text: trimmed, lines: 1 } : null;
+	});
+
+	let visibleTools = $derived(tools.slice(0, MCP_CARD_VISIBLE_TOOL_LIMIT));
+	let hiddenTools = $derived(tools.slice(MCP_CARD_VISIBLE_TOOL_LIMIT));
+	let hiddenToolCount = $derived(hiddenTools.length);
+
+	function handleToggle(checked: boolean) {
+		onToggle?.(checked);
+	}
+</script>
+
+<Card.Root class="!gap-3 bg-muted/30 p-4">
+	<div class="flex items-start justify-between gap-3">
+		<div class="min-w-0 flex-1">
+			{#if showSkeleton}
+				<span class="flex min-w-0 items-center gap-1.5">
+					<Skeleton class="h-5 w-5 rounded" />
+					<Skeleton class="h-4 w-32" />
+				</span>
+			{:else}
+				<McpServerIdentity
+					{displayName}
+					{faviconUrl}
+					{serverInfo}
+					iconClass="h-5 w-5"
+					iconRounded="rounded"
+					nameClass="font-medium"
+				/>
+			{/if}
+		</div>
+
+		<Switch checked={enabled} disabled={isError || showSkeleton} onCheckedChange={handleToggle} />
+	</div>
+
+	{#if isError && errorMessage}
+		<p class="text-xs text-destructive">{errorMessage}</p>
+	{/if}
+
+	{#if showSkeleton}
+		<div class="space-y-1.5">
+			<Skeleton class="h-3 w-full max-w-md" />
+		</div>
+
+		<div class="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-1.5">
+			<Skeleton class="h-5 w-16 rounded-full" />
+			<Skeleton class="h-5 w-20 rounded-full" />
+			<Skeleton class="h-5 w-24 rounded-full" />
+			<Skeleton class="h-5 w-14 rounded-full" />
+		</div>
+	{:else}
+		{#if description}
+			{#if description.lines === 2}
+				<p class="line-clamp-2 text-xs text-muted-foreground" title={description.text}>
+					{description.text}
+				</p>
+			{:else}
+				<p class="line-clamp-1 truncate text-xs text-muted-foreground" title={description.text}>
+					{description.text}
+				</p>
+			{/if}
+		{/if}
+
+		{#if tools.length > 0}
+			<div class="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-1.5">
+				{#each visibleTools as tool (tool.name)}
+					<Tooltip.Root>
+						<Tooltip.Trigger>
+							<Badge variant="secondary" class="h-5 max-w-40 px-2 text-[11px]">
+								<span class="block min-w-0 flex-1 truncate">{tool.name}</span>
+							</Badge>
+						</Tooltip.Trigger>
+
+						<Tooltip.Content>
+							<p class="max-w-xs text-xs">
+								{tool.description ?? 'No description'}
+							</p>
+						</Tooltip.Content>
+					</Tooltip.Root>
+				{/each}
+
+				{#if hiddenToolCount > 0}
+					<Tooltip.Root>
+						<Tooltip.Trigger>
+							<Badge variant="secondary" class="h-5 px-2 text-[11px] text-muted-foreground">
+								+ {hiddenToolCount} more tools
+							</Badge>
+						</Tooltip.Trigger>
+
+						<Tooltip.Content class="max-w-md">
+							<p class="text-xs">
+								{hiddenTools.map((tool) => tool.name).join(', ')}
+							</p>
+						</Tooltip.Content>
+					</Tooltip.Root>
+				{/if}
+			</div>
+		{/if}
+	{/if}
+</Card.Root>

tools/ui/src/lib/components/app/mcp/McpServerCard/McpServerCardEditForm.svelte

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 <script lang="ts">
 	import { Button } from '$lib/components/ui/button';
 	import { McpServerForm } from '$lib/components/app/mcp';
+	import { parseHeadersToArray } from '$lib/utils';
 
 	interface Props {
 		serverId: string;
@@ -26,13 +27,21 @@
 		}
 	});
 
-	let canSave = $derived(!urlError);
+	let headerPairsValid = $derived(
+		parseHeadersToArray(editHeaders).every((p) => p.key.trim() && p.value.trim())
+	);
+	let canSave = $derived(!urlError && headerPairsValid);
 
 	function handleSave() {
 		if (!canSave) return;
 		onSave(editUrl.trim(), editHeaders.trim(), editUseProxy);
 	}
 
+	function handleSubmit(event: SubmitEvent) {
+		event.preventDefault();
+		handleSave();
+	}
+
 	export function setInitialValues(url: string, headers: string, useProxy: boolean) {
 		editUrl = url;
 		editHeaders = headers;
@@ -40,25 +49,27 @@
 	}
 </script>
 
-<div class="space-y-4">
-	<p class="font-medium">Configure Server</p>
+<form onsubmit={handleSubmit} class="contents">
+	<div class="space-y-4">
+		<p class="font-medium">Configure Server</p>
 
-	<McpServerForm
-		url={editUrl}
-		headers={editHeaders}
-		useProxy={editUseProxy}
-		onUrlChange={(v) => (editUrl = v)}
-		onHeadersChange={(v) => (editHeaders = v)}
-		onUseProxyChange={(v) => (editUseProxy = v)}
-		urlError={editUrl ? urlError : null}
-		id={serverId}
-	/>
+		<McpServerForm
+			url={editUrl}
+			headers={editHeaders}
+			useProxy={editUseProxy}
+			onUrlChange={(v) => (editUrl = v)}
+			onHeadersChange={(v) => (editHeaders = v)}
+			onUseProxyChange={(v) => (editUseProxy = v)}
+			urlError={editUrl ? urlError : null}
+			id={serverId}
+		/>
 
-	<div class="flex items-center justify-end gap-2">
-		<Button variant="secondary" size="sm" onclick={onCancel}>Cancel</Button>
+		<div class="flex items-center justify-end gap-2">
+			<Button variant="secondary" size="sm" onclick={onCancel}>Cancel</Button>
 
-		<Button size="sm" onclick={handleSave} disabled={!canSave}>
-			{serverUrl.trim() ? 'Update' : 'Add'}
-		</Button>
+			<Button size="sm" type="submit" disabled={!canSave}>
+				{serverUrl.trim() ? 'Update' : 'Add'}
+			</Button>
+		</div>
 	</div>
-</div>
+</form>

tools/ui/src/lib/components/app/mcp/McpServerForm.svelte

@@ -38,14 +38,87 @@
 
 	let headerPairs = $derived<KeyValuePair[]>(parseHeadersToArray(headers));
 
+	const AUTHORIZATION_HEADER = 'Authorization';
+	const BEARER_PREFIX = 'Bearer ';
+
+	// Heuristic: this dedicated UI only owns Authorization headers that already
+	// carry a Bearer scheme. Anything else (e.g. Basic, raw tokens) stays in the
+	// KV section so the user can still edit those values verbatim.
+	const matchesAuthorizationKey = (key: string): boolean =>
+		key.trim().toLowerCase() === AUTHORIZATION_HEADER.toLowerCase();
+
+	const isBearerScheme = (value: string): boolean =>
+		value.trim().toLowerCase().startsWith(BEARER_PREFIX.toLowerCase());
+
+	const ownedByBearerUi = (p: KeyValuePair): boolean =>
+		matchesAuthorizationKey(p.key) && isBearerScheme(p.value);
+
+	let hasAuthorization = $derived(headerPairs.some(ownedByBearerUi));
+
+	let wantsAuthorization = $state(false);
+
+	let showAuthorization = $derived(hasAuthorization || wantsAuthorization);
+
+	let urlInput: HTMLInputElement | null = $state(null);
+	let bearerInput: HTMLInputElement | null = $state(null);
+
+	$effect(() => {
+		urlInput?.focus();
+	});
+
+	$effect(() => {
+		if (wantsAuthorization && bearerInput) {
+			bearerInput.focus();
+		}
+	});
+
+	let bearerToken = $derived.by(() => {
+		const auth = headerPairs.find(ownedByBearerUi);
+		if (!auth) return '';
+		return auth.value.trim().slice(BEARER_PREFIX.length).trim();
+	});
+
+	$effect(() => {
+		if (!headers.trim()) {
+			wantsAuthorization = false;
+		}
+	});
+
 	function updateHeaderPairs(newPairs: KeyValuePair[]) {
 		headerPairs = newPairs;
 		onHeadersChange(serializeHeaders(newPairs));
 	}
+
+	// The dedicated UI owns the Authorization slot end-to-end when the user
+	// engages it: any prior Authorization row (Bearer or otherwise) is replaced
+	// by exactly one { Authorization: "Bearer <token>" } entry. JSON's last-key
+	// behavior would otherwise pick one arbitrarily, so we strip first.
+	function updateBearerToken(token: string) {
+		const filtered = headerPairs.filter((p) => !matchesAuthorizationKey(p.key));
+
+		const trimmed = token.trim();
+
+		if (trimmed) {
+			filtered.push({ key: AUTHORIZATION_HEADER, value: `${BEARER_PREFIX}${trimmed}` });
+		}
+
+		updateHeaderPairs(filtered);
+	}
+
+	function setUseAuthorization(checked: boolean) {
+		wantsAuthorization = checked;
+
+		if (!checked) {
+			// Only drop the entry this UI owns; a non-Bearer Authorization row
+			// authored in the KV section must survive a toggle off untouched.
+			const filtered = headerPairs.filter((p) => !ownedByBearerUi(p));
+			updateHeaderPairs(filtered);
+		}
+	}
 </script>
 
-<div class="grid gap-3">
-	<div>
+<div class="grid gap-2">
+	<div class="mb-4">
 		<label for="server-url-{id}" class="mb-2 block text-xs font-medium">
 			Server URL <span class="text-destructive">*</span>
 		</label>
@@ -57,50 +130,52 @@
 			value={url}
 			oninput={(e) => onUrlChange(e.currentTarget.value)}
 			class={urlError ? 'border-destructive' : ''}
+			bind:ref={urlInput}
 		/>
 
 		{#if urlError}
 			<p class="mt-1.5 text-xs text-destructive">{urlError}</p>
 		{/if}
-
-		{#if !isWebSocket && onUseProxyChange}
-			<label
-				class={[
-					'mt-3 flex items-start gap-2',
-					mcpStore.isProxyAvailable && 'cursor-pointer',
-					!mcpStore.isProxyAvailable && 'opacity-80'
-				]}
-			>
-				<Switch
-					class="mt-1"
-					id="use-proxy-{id}"
-					checked={useProxy}
-					disabled={!mcpStore.isProxyAvailable}
-					onCheckedChange={(checked) => onUseProxyChange?.(checked)}
-				/>
-
-				<span>
-					<span class="text-xs text-muted-foreground">Use llama-server proxy</span>
-
-					<br />
-
-					{#if !mcpStore.isProxyAvailable}
-						<span class="inline-flex gap-0.75 text-xs text-muted-foreground/60"
-							>(Run <pre>llama-server</pre>
-							with
-							<pre>{CLI_FLAGS.MCP_PROXY}</pre>
-							flag)</span
-						>
-					{/if}
-				</span>
-			</label>
-		{/if}
 	</div>
 
+	<label class="flex items-center gap-2 cursor-pointer">
+		<Switch
+			id="use-authorization-{id}"
+			checked={showAuthorization}
+			onCheckedChange={setUseAuthorization}
+		/>
+
+		<span class="text-xs text-muted-foreground">Authorization</span>
+	</label>
+
+	{#if showAuthorization}
+		<div class="relative mt-2">
+			<Input
+				id="bearer-token-{id}"
+				type="password"
+				autocomplete="off"
+				placeholder="Paste token here"
+				value={bearerToken}
+				oninput={(e) => updateBearerToken(e.currentTarget.value)}
+				class="pl-16"
+				bind:ref={bearerInput}
+			/>
+
+			<span
+				class="pointer-events-none absolute inset-y-0 left-3 flex items-center text-sm font-medium text-foreground"
+			>
+				Bearer
+			</span>
+		</div>
+	{/if}
+
 	<KeyValuePairs
-		class="mt-2"
-		pairs={headerPairs}
-		onPairsChange={updateHeaderPairs}
+		class="mt-3"
+		pairs={headerPairs.filter((p) => !ownedByBearerUi(p))}
+		onPairsChange={(pairs) => {
+			const auth = headerPairs.find(ownedByBearerUi);
+			updateHeaderPairs(auth ? [...pairs, auth] : pairs);
+		}}
 		keyPlaceholder="Header name"
 		valuePlaceholder="Value"
 		addButtonLabel="Add"
@@ -108,4 +183,37 @@
 		sectionLabel="Custom Headers"
 		sectionLabelOptional
 	/>
+
+	{#if !isWebSocket && onUseProxyChange}
+		<label
+			class={[
+				'mt-3 flex items-start gap-2',
+				mcpStore.isProxyAvailable && 'cursor-pointer',
+				!mcpStore.isProxyAvailable && 'opacity-80'
+			]}
+		>
+			<Switch
+				class="mt-1"
+				id="use-proxy-{id}"
+				checked={useProxy}
+				disabled={!mcpStore.isProxyAvailable}
+				onCheckedChange={(checked) => onUseProxyChange?.(checked)}
+			/>
+
+			<span>
+				<span class="text-xs text-muted-foreground">Use llama-server proxy</span>
+
+				<br />
+
+				{#if !mcpStore.isProxyAvailable}
+					<span class="inline-flex gap-0.75 text-xs text-muted-foreground/60"
+						>(Run <pre>llama-server</pre>
+						with
+						<pre>{CLI_FLAGS.MCP_PROXY}</pre>
+						flag)</span
+					>
+				{/if}
+			</span>
+		</label>
+	{/if}
 </div>

tools/ui/src/lib/components/app/mcp/McpServerIdentity.svelte

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 <script lang="ts">
 	import { ExternalLink } from '@lucide/svelte';
 	import { Badge } from '$lib/components/ui/badge';
+	import { McpLogo } from '$lib/components/app/mcp';
 	import { TruncatedText } from '$lib/components/app/misc';
 	import { sanitizeExternalUrl } from '$lib/utils';
 	import type { MCPServerInfo } from '$lib/types';
@@ -34,20 +35,15 @@
 
 <span class="flex min-w-0 items-center gap-1.5">
 	{#if faviconUrl}
-		<img
-			src={faviconUrl}
-			alt=""
-			class={['shrink-0', iconRounded, iconClass]}
-			onerror={(e) => {
-				(e.currentTarget as HTMLImageElement).style.display = 'none';
-			}}
-		/>
+		<img src={faviconUrl} alt="" class={['shrink-0 text-foreground', iconRounded, iconClass]} />
+	{:else}
+		<McpLogo class={['shrink-0 text-foreground', iconRounded, iconClass].join(' ')} />
 	{/if}
 
 	<TruncatedText text={displayName ?? ''} class={nameClass ?? ''} />
 
 	{#if showVersion && serverInfo?.version}
-		<Badge variant="secondary" class="h-4 min-w-0 shrink px-1 text-[10px]">
+		<Badge variant="secondary" class="h-4 max-w-24 min-w-0 shrink px-1 text-[10px]">
 			<TruncatedText text={`v${serverInfo.version}`} />
 		</Badge>
 	{/if}

tools/ui/src/lib/components/app/mcp/index.ts

@@ -180,6 +180,16 @@ export { default as McpServerCardDeleteDialog } from './McpServerCard/McpServerC
 /** Skeleton loading state for server card during health checks. */
 export { default as McpServerCardSkeleton } from './McpServerCardSkeleton.svelte';
 
+/**
+ * **McpServerCardCompact** - Condensed MCP server card
+ *
+ * Compact alternative to McpServerCard tailored for picker-style UIs.
+ * Shows the server identity, status, and a flex-wrapped list of available tools.
+ * Tool names are rendered as badges; hovering a badge shows its description in a tooltip.
+ * Does not show connection logs or server instructions.
+ */
+export { default as McpServerCardCompact } from './McpServerCard/McpServerCardCompact.svelte';
+
 /**
  * **McpServerIdentity** - Server identity display (icon, name, version)
  *

tools/ui/src/lib/components/app/settings/SettingsMcpServers.svelte

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 
 	let { class: className }: Props = $props();
 
-	let servers = $derived(mcpStore.getServersSorted());
+	let servers = $derived(mcpStore.visibleMcpServers);
 
 	let initialLoadComplete = $state(false);
 	let isAddingServer = $state(false);

tools/ui/src/lib/constants/index.ts

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ export * from './attachment-labels';
 export * from './database';
 export * from './reasoning-effort';
 export * from './reasoning-effort-tokens';
+export * from './recommended-mcp-servers';
 export * from './storage';
 export * from './attachment-menu';
 export * from './auto-scroll';

tools/ui/src/lib/constants/mcp-form.ts

@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
 export const MCP_SERVER_URL_PLACEHOLDER = 'https://mcp.example.com/sse';
 export const MIN_AUTOCOMPLETE_INPUT_LENGTH = 1;
+/** Number of tools shown on the compact MCP server card before collapsing to a "+ N more" badge */
+export const MCP_CARD_VISIBLE_TOOL_LIMIT = 4;

tools/ui/src/lib/constants/recommended-mcp-servers.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+import { DEFAULT_MCP_CONFIG } from './mcp';
+import type { RecommendedMCPServer } from '$lib/types';
+
+/**
+ * Pre-defined recommended MCP servers.
+ *
+ * Servers are enabled by default, but they are not turned on for individual
+ * conversations until the user explicitly enables them (so their tools are
+ * disabled by default).
+ */
+export const RECOMMENDED_MCP_SERVERS: RecommendedMCPServer[] = [
+	{
+		id: 'exa-web-search',
+		name: 'Exa Web Search',
+		description: 'Search the web and retrieve relevant content.',
+		url: 'https://mcp.exa.ai/mcp',
+		enabled: true,
+		requestTimeoutSeconds: DEFAULT_MCP_CONFIG.requestTimeoutSeconds
+	},
+	{
+		id: 'huggingface-mcp',
+		name: 'Hugging Face',
+		description:
+			'Browse models, datasets, spaces and machine learning papers from the Hugging Face hub.',
+		url: 'https://huggingface.co/mcp',
+		enabled: true,
+		requestTimeoutSeconds: DEFAULT_MCP_CONFIG.requestTimeoutSeconds
+	}
+];
+
+export const RECOMMENDED_MCP_SERVER_IDS = new Set(
+	RECOMMENDED_MCP_SERVERS.map((server) => server.id)
+);
+
+export const RECOMMENDED_MCP_SERVERS_OPTIN_DIALOG_DELAY = 1000;

tools/ui/src/lib/constants/settings-keys.ts

@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ export const SETTINGS_KEYS = {
 	// MCP
 	MCP_SERVERS: 'mcpServers',
 	MCP_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_SECONDS: 'mcpRequestTimeoutSeconds',
+	MCP_DEFAULT_SERVER_OVERRIDES: 'mcpDefaultServerOverrides',
 	AGENTIC_MAX_TURNS: 'agenticMaxTurns',
 	ALWAYS_SHOW_AGENTIC_TURNS: 'alwaysShowAgenticTurns',
 	AGENTIC_MAX_TOOL_PREVIEW_LINES: 'agenticMaxToolPreviewLines',

tools/ui/src/lib/constants/settings-registry.ts

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import McpLogo from '$lib/components/app/mcp/McpLogo.svelte';
 import { SETTINGS_KEYS } from './settings-keys';
 import { ROUTES, SETTINGS_SECTION_SLUGS } from './routes';
 import { TITLE_GENERATION } from './title-generation';
+import { RECOMMENDED_MCP_SERVERS } from './recommended-mcp-servers';
 
 export const SETTINGS_SECTION_TITLES = {
 	GENERAL: 'General',
@@ -774,9 +775,16 @@ const NON_UI_SETTINGS: SettingsEntry[] = [
 		key: SETTINGS_KEYS.MCP_SERVERS,
 		label: 'MCP servers',
 		help: 'Configure MCP servers as a JSON list. Use the form in the MCP Client settings section to edit.',
-		defaultValue: '[]',
+		defaultValue: JSON.stringify(RECOMMENDED_MCP_SERVERS),
 		type: SettingsFieldType.INPUT,
 		sync: { serverKey: SETTINGS_KEYS.MCP_SERVERS, paramType: SyncableParameterType.STRING }
+	},
+	{
+		key: SETTINGS_KEYS.MCP_DEFAULT_SERVER_OVERRIDES,
+		label: 'MCP default server overrides',
+		help: 'Per-server enable/disable defaults inherited by new chats. JSON-serialized list of {serverId, enabled} entries.',
+		defaultValue: '[]',
+		type: SettingsFieldType.INPUT
 	}
 	// {
 	// 	key: SETTINGS_KEYS.PY_INTERPRETER_ENABLED,

tools/ui/src/lib/constants/storage.ts

@@ -21,9 +21,10 @@ export const DISABLED_TOOLS_LOCALSTORAGE_KEY = `${STORAGE_APP_NAME}.disabledTool
 /** Disabled tools keyed by stable selection identity, no migration from the name based key */
 export const DISABLED_TOOL_KEYS_LOCALSTORAGE_KEY = `${STORAGE_APP_NAME}.disabledToolKeys`;
 export const FAVORITE_MODELS_LOCALSTORAGE_KEY = `${STORAGE_APP_NAME}.favoriteModels`;
-export const MCP_DEFAULT_ENABLED_LOCALSTORAGE_KEY = `${STORAGE_APP_NAME}.mcpDefaultEnabled`;
 export const THINKING_ENABLED_DEFAULT_LOCALSTORAGE_KEY = `${STORAGE_APP_NAME}.thinkingEnabledDefault`;
 export const REASONING_EFFORT_DEFAULT_LOCALSTORAGE_KEY = `${STORAGE_APP_NAME}.reasoningEffortDefault`;
+/** Set when user has interacted with the MCP server recommendations dialog (checked servers, added custom server, or dismissed) */
+export const MCP_SERVERS_ADDED_TO_CHAT_LOCALSTORAGE_KEY = `${STORAGE_APP_NAME}.mcpServersSetupDone`;
 export const USER_OVERRIDES_LOCALSTORAGE_KEY = `${STORAGE_APP_NAME}.userOverrides`;
 
 /** Key prefix for per-conversation resumable stream state, conversationId is appended */
@@ -38,8 +39,6 @@ export const DEPRECATED_CONFIG_LOCALSTORAGE_KEY = `${STORAGE_APP_NAME_DEPRECATED
 export const DEPRECATED_DISABLED_TOOLS_LOCALSTORAGE_KEY = `${STORAGE_APP_NAME_DEPRECATED}.disabledTools`;
 /** @deprecated Use {@link FAVORITE_MODELS_LOCALSTORAGE_KEY} instead */
 export const DEPRECATED_FAVORITE_MODELS_LOCALSTORAGE_KEY = `${STORAGE_APP_NAME_DEPRECATED}.favoriteModels`;
-/** @deprecated Use {@link MCP_DEFAULT_ENABLED_LOCALSTORAGE_KEY} instead */
-export const DEPRECATED_MCP_DEFAULT_ENABLED_LOCALSTORAGE_KEY = `${STORAGE_APP_NAME_DEPRECATED}.mcpDefaultEnabled`;
 /** @deprecated Use {@link USER_OVERRIDES_LOCALSTORAGE_KEY} instead */
 export const DEPRECATED_USER_OVERRIDES_LOCALSTORAGE_KEY = `${STORAGE_APP_NAME_DEPRECATED}.userOverrides`;
 
@@ -52,6 +51,5 @@ export const NEW_TO_DEPRECATED_MAP: Record<string, string> = {
 	[CONFIG_LOCALSTORAGE_KEY]: DEPRECATED_CONFIG_LOCALSTORAGE_KEY,
 	[DISABLED_TOOLS_LOCALSTORAGE_KEY]: DEPRECATED_DISABLED_TOOLS_LOCALSTORAGE_KEY,
 	[FAVORITE_MODELS_LOCALSTORAGE_KEY]: DEPRECATED_FAVORITE_MODELS_LOCALSTORAGE_KEY,
-	[MCP_DEFAULT_ENABLED_LOCALSTORAGE_KEY]: DEPRECATED_MCP_DEFAULT_ENABLED_LOCALSTORAGE_KEY,
 	[USER_OVERRIDES_LOCALSTORAGE_KEY]: DEPRECATED_USER_OVERRIDES_LOCALSTORAGE_KEY
 };

tools/ui/src/lib/constants/stream.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 // grace window after a visibilitychange before we kick a reader whose socket likely died
 // while the tab was hidden. covers brief background pauses without thrashing live streams
-export const STREAM_VISIBILITY_KICK_MS = 1000;
+export const STREAM_VISIBILITY_KICK_MS = 3000;

tools/ui/src/lib/hooks/use-mcp-recommendations.svelte.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+import { browser } from '$app/environment';
+import {
+	MCP_SERVERS_ADDED_TO_CHAT_LOCALSTORAGE_KEY,
+	RECOMMENDED_MCP_SERVER_IDS,
+	RECOMMENDED_MCP_SERVERS_OPTIN_DIALOG_DELAY
+} from '$lib/constants';
+import { mcpStore } from '$lib/stores/mcp.svelte';
+
+/**
+ * First-run opt-in dialog for the recommended MCP servers.
+ *
+ * Owns the dismissed / open / trigger-timeout state and the effect that
+ * schedules the dialog. Reads opt-in status and the configured server list
+ * from `mcpStore`, so callers don't need to recompute on their side.
+ */
+export function useMcpRecommendations() {
+	let dismissed = $state(
+		browser && localStorage.getItem(MCP_SERVERS_ADDED_TO_CHAT_LOCALSTORAGE_KEY) === 'true'
+	);
+	let open = $state(false);
+	let checked = $state(false);
+	let triggerTimeout: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null;
+
+	function dismiss() {
+		if (browser) {
+			localStorage.setItem(MCP_SERVERS_ADDED_TO_CHAT_LOCALSTORAGE_KEY, 'true');
+		}
+		dismissed = true;
+		open = false;
+		if (triggerTimeout) {
+			clearTimeout(triggerTimeout);
+			triggerTimeout = null;
+		}
+	}
+
+	function handleOpenChange(next: boolean) {
+		open = next;
+		if (!next) dismiss();
+	}
+
+	$effect(() => {
+		if (!browser) return;
+
+		if (open || dismissed) {
+			if (triggerTimeout) {
+				clearTimeout(triggerTimeout);
+				triggerTimeout = null;
+			}
+			return;
+		}
+
+		// Already evaluated once this session; leave any pending trigger alone so
+		// it can still fire later. Setting `checked = true` below re-runs this
+		// effect, and we must not wipe the timeout that was just scheduled.
+		if (checked) return;
+
+		if (mcpStore.optedInRecommendationIds.size > 0) {
+			checked = true;
+			return;
+		}
+
+		const hasRecommendations = mcpStore
+			.getServers()
+			.some((server) => RECOMMENDED_MCP_SERVER_IDS.has(server.id));
+
+		if (hasRecommendations) {
+			triggerTimeout = setTimeout(() => {
+				open = true;
+			}, RECOMMENDED_MCP_SERVERS_OPTIN_DIALOG_DELAY);
+		}
+
+		checked = true;
+	});
+
+	return {
+		get open() {
+			return open;
+		},
+		get dismissed() {
+			return dismissed;
+		},
+		dismiss,
+		handleOpenChange
+	};
+}

tools/ui/src/lib/services/chat.service.ts

@@ -255,6 +255,7 @@ export class ChatService {
 			}),
 			stream,
 			return_progress: stream ? true : undefined,
+			sse_ping_interval: stream ? 1 : undefined,
 			tools: tools && tools.length > 0 ? tools : undefined
 		};
 

tools/ui/src/lib/services/migration.service.ts

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 import Dexie from 'dexie';
 import {
 	STORAGE_APP_NAME,
+	STORAGE_APP_NAME_DEPRECATED,
 	DB_APP_NAME_DEPRECATED,
 	CONFIG_LOCALSTORAGE_KEY,
 	IDXDB_TABLES,
@@ -494,12 +495,69 @@ const customJsonKeyMigration: Migration = {
 	}
 };
 
+const MCP_DEFAULT_ENABLED_MIGRATION_ID = 'mcp-default-enabled-to-config-v1';
+
+const LEGACY_MCP_DEFAULT_ENABLED_KEY = `${STORAGE_APP_NAME}.mcpDefaultEnabled`;
+const DEPRECATED_LEGACY_MCP_DEFAULT_ENABLED_KEY = `${STORAGE_APP_NAME_DEPRECATED}.mcpDefaultEnabled`;
+
+const mcpDefaultEnabledMigration: Migration = {
+	id: MCP_DEFAULT_ENABLED_MIGRATION_ID,
+	description:
+		'Copy mcpDefaultEnabled localStorage key into settings config (preserves legacy keys)',
+
+	async run(): Promise<void> {
+		const raw =
+			localStorage.getItem(LEGACY_MCP_DEFAULT_ENABLED_KEY) ??
+			localStorage.getItem(DEPRECATED_LEGACY_MCP_DEFAULT_ENABLED_KEY);
+
+		// Legacy keys intentionally left in place so a downgrade keeps reading them.
+
+		if (raw === null) {
+			if (import.meta.env.DEV && import.meta.env.VITE_DEBUG)
+				console.log('[Migration] MCP default enabled: no legacy key found, skipping');
+			return;
+		}
+
+		const configRaw = localStorage.getItem(CONFIG_LOCALSTORAGE_KEY);
+		const config = configRaw ? JSON.parse(configRaw) : {};
+
+		// Don't overwrite an existing config entry — current data wins.
+		if (SETTINGS_KEYS.MCP_DEFAULT_SERVER_OVERRIDES in config) {
+			if (import.meta.env.DEV && import.meta.env.VITE_DEBUG)
+				console.log('[Migration] MCP default enabled: config already has overrides, skipping');
+			return;
+		}
+
+		try {
+			const parsed = JSON.parse(raw);
+			if (!Array.isArray(parsed)) return;
+			const valid = parsed.every(
+				(o) =>
+					typeof o === 'object' &&
+					o !== null &&
+					typeof (o as Record<string, unknown>).serverId === 'string' &&
+					typeof (o as Record<string, unknown>).enabled === 'boolean'
+			);
+			if (!valid) return;
+		} catch {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		config[SETTINGS_KEYS.MCP_DEFAULT_SERVER_OVERRIDES] = raw;
+		localStorage.setItem(CONFIG_LOCALSTORAGE_KEY, JSON.stringify(config));
+
+		if (import.meta.env.DEV && import.meta.env.VITE_DEBUG)
+			console.log('[Migration] MCP default enabled: moved legacy key into config');
+	}
+};
+
 const migrations: Migration[] = [
 	localStorageMigration,
 	idxdbMigration,
 	legacyMessageMigration,
 	themeMigration,
-	customJsonKeyMigration
+	customJsonKeyMigration,
+	mcpDefaultEnabledMigration
 ];
 
 export const MigrationService = {

tools/ui/src/lib/stores/conversations.svelte.ts

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ import { browser } from '$app/environment';
 import { toast } from 'svelte-sonner';
 import { DatabaseService } from '$lib/services/database.service';
 import { MigrationService } from '$lib/services/migration.service';
-import { config } from '$lib/stores/settings.svelte';
+import { config, settingsStore } from '$lib/stores/settings.svelte';
 import { filterByLeafNodeId, findLeafNode, generateConversationTitle } from '$lib/utils';
 import type { McpServerOverride } from '$lib/types/database';
 import { zipSync, unzipSync, strToU8, strFromU8 } from 'fflate';
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ import {
 	ISO_TIME_SEPARATOR_REPLACEMENT,
 	NON_ALPHANUMERIC_REGEX,
 	MULTIPLE_UNDERSCORE_REGEX,
-	MCP_DEFAULT_ENABLED_LOCALSTORAGE_KEY,
+	SETTINGS_KEYS,
 	THINKING_ENABLED_DEFAULT_LOCALSTORAGE_KEY,
 	REASONING_EFFORT_DEFAULT_LOCALSTORAGE_KEY
 } from '$lib/constants';
@@ -90,12 +90,10 @@ class ConversationsStore {
 	/** Global (non-conversation-specific) reasoning effort default */
 	pendingReasoningEffort = $state<ReasoningEffort>(ConversationsStore.loadReasoningEffortDefault());
 
-	/** Load MCP default overrides from localStorage */
 	private static loadMcpDefaults(): McpServerOverride[] {
-		if (typeof globalThis.localStorage === 'undefined') return [];
+		const raw = config()[SETTINGS_KEYS.MCP_DEFAULT_SERVER_OVERRIDES];
+		if (typeof raw !== 'string' || raw.length === 0) return [];
 		try {
-			const raw = localStorage.getItem(MCP_DEFAULT_ENABLED_LOCALSTORAGE_KEY);
-			if (!raw) return [];
 			const parsed = JSON.parse(raw);
 			if (!Array.isArray(parsed)) return [];
 			return parsed.filter(
@@ -106,18 +104,12 @@ class ConversationsStore {
 		}
 	}
 
-	/** Persist MCP default overrides to localStorage */
 	private saveMcpDefaults(): void {
-		if (typeof globalThis.localStorage === 'undefined') return;
 		const plain = this.pendingMcpServerOverrides.map((o) => ({
 			serverId: o.serverId,
 			enabled: o.enabled
 		}));
-		if (plain.length > 0) {
-			localStorage.setItem(MCP_DEFAULT_ENABLED_LOCALSTORAGE_KEY, JSON.stringify(plain));
-		} else {
-			localStorage.removeItem(MCP_DEFAULT_ENABLED_LOCALSTORAGE_KEY);
-		}
+		settingsStore.updateConfig(SETTINGS_KEYS.MCP_DEFAULT_SERVER_OVERRIDES, JSON.stringify(plain));
 	}
 
 	/** Load thinking-enabled default from localStorage */
@@ -189,6 +181,10 @@ class ConversationsStore {
 		try {
 			await MigrationService.runAllMigrations();
 
+			// Re-read defaults after migrations: a migration may have populated
+			// the settings config (e.g. moved legacy MCP overrides into it).
+			this.pendingMcpServerOverrides = ConversationsStore.loadMcpDefaults();
+
 			await this.loadConversations();
 			this.isInitialized = true;
 		} catch (error) {

tools/ui/src/lib/stores/mcp.svelte.ts

@@ -20,11 +20,13 @@
  */
 
 import { browser } from '$app/environment';
+import { SvelteSet } from 'svelte/reactivity';
 import { SETTINGS_KEYS } from '$lib/constants';
 import { MCPService } from '$lib/services/mcp.service';
 import { config, settingsStore } from '$lib/stores/settings.svelte';
 import { mcpResourceStore } from '$lib/stores/mcp-resources.svelte';
 import { serverStore } from '$lib/stores/server.svelte';
+import { conversationsStore } from '$lib/stores/conversations.svelte';
 import { mode } from 'mode-watcher';
 import {
 	parseMcpServerSettings,
@@ -48,10 +50,11 @@ import {
 	EXPECTED_THEMED_ICON_PAIR_COUNT,
 	MCP_ALLOWED_ICON_MIME_TYPES,
 	MCP_SERVER_ID_PREFIX,
-	MCP_RECONNECT_INITIAL_DELAY,
 	MCP_RECONNECT_BACKOFF_MULTIPLIER,
+	MCP_RECONNECT_INITIAL_DELAY,
 	MCP_RECONNECT_MAX_DELAY,
-	MCP_RECONNECT_ATTEMPT_TIMEOUT_MS
+	MCP_RECONNECT_ATTEMPT_TIMEOUT_MS,
+	RECOMMENDED_MCP_SERVER_IDS
 } from '$lib/constants';
 import type {
 	MCPToolCall,
@@ -70,6 +73,7 @@ import type {
 	Tool,
 	HealthCheckState,
 	MCPServerSettingsEntry,
+	MCPServerDisplayInfo,
 	MCPServerConfig,
 	MCPResourceIcon,
 	MCPResourceAttachment,
@@ -365,7 +369,7 @@ class MCPStore {
 		return this.connections;
 	}
 
-	getServerLabel(server: MCPServerSettingsEntry): string {
+	getServerLabel(server: MCPServerDisplayInfo): string {
 		const healthState = this.getHealthCheckState(server.id);
 
 		if (healthState?.status === HealthCheckStatus.SUCCESS)
@@ -527,7 +531,7 @@ class MCPStore {
 
 	addServer(
 		serverData: Omit<MCPServerSettingsEntry, 'id' | 'requestTimeoutSeconds'> & { id?: string }
-	): void {
+	): MCPServerSettingsEntry {
 		const servers = this.getServers();
 		const newServer: MCPServerSettingsEntry = {
 			id: serverData.id || (uuid() ?? `server-${Date.now()}`),
@@ -540,6 +544,7 @@ class MCPStore {
 			useProxy: serverData.useProxy
 		};
 		settingsStore.updateConfig(SETTINGS_KEYS.MCP_SERVERS, JSON.stringify([...servers, newServer]));
+		return newServer;
 	}
 
 	updateServer(id: string, updates: Partial<MCPServerSettingsEntry>): void {
@@ -576,6 +581,33 @@ class MCPStore {
 		});
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Recommended MCP server IDs the user opted in to via per-chat overrides.
+	 * Single source of truth for "which recommendations has the user accepted",
+	 * shared by the recommendations hook and the visible-servers getter.
+	 */
+	get optedInRecommendationIds(): ReadonlySet<string> {
+		const ids = new SvelteSet<string>();
+		for (const override of conversationsStore.pendingMcpServerOverrides) {
+			if (RECOMMENDED_MCP_SERVER_IDS.has(override.serverId) && override.enabled) {
+				ids.add(override.serverId);
+			}
+		}
+		return ids;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * MCP servers selectable in chat-add UIs and the settings page:
+	 * enabled in settings and either non-recommended or explicitly opted in.
+	 */
+	get visibleMcpServers(): MCPServerSettingsEntry[] {
+		const optedIn = this.optedInRecommendationIds;
+		return this.getServersSorted().filter(
+			(server) =>
+				server.enabled && (!RECOMMENDED_MCP_SERVER_IDS.has(server.id) || optedIn.has(server.id))
+		);
+	}
+
 	async ensureInitialized(perChatOverrides?: McpServerOverride[]): Promise<boolean> {
 		if (!browser) {
 			return false;

tools/ui/src/lib/types/api.d.ts

@@ -265,6 +265,7 @@ export interface ApiChatCompletionRequest {
 	stream?: boolean;
 	model?: string;
 	return_progress?: boolean;
+	sse_ping_interval?: number;
 	tools?: ApiChatCompletionTool[];
 	// Reasoning parameters
 	reasoning_format?: string;

tools/ui/src/lib/types/index.ts

@@ -127,6 +127,8 @@ export type {
 	MCPServerConfig,
 	MCPClientConfig,
 	MCPServerSettingsEntry,
+	MCPServerDisplayInfo,
+	RecommendedMCPServer,
 	MCPToolCall,
 	OpenAIToolDefinition,
 	ServerStatus,

tools/ui/src/lib/types/mcp.d.ts

@@ -209,17 +209,32 @@ export type MCPToolCall = {
 	};
 };
 
-export type MCPServerSettingsEntry = {
+/**
+ * Minimum fields needed to display or identify an MCP server.
+ */
+export interface MCPServerDisplayInfo {
 	id: string;
-	enabled: boolean;
+	name?: string;
 	url: string;
+}
+
+export type MCPServerSettingsEntry = MCPServerDisplayInfo & {
+	enabled: boolean;
 	requestTimeoutSeconds: number;
 	headers?: string;
-	name?: string;
 	iconUrl?: string;
 	useProxy?: boolean;
 };
 
+/**
+ * Pre-defined recommended MCP server shown to the user in onboarding/picker UIs.
+ */
+export interface RecommendedMCPServer extends MCPServerDisplayInfo {
+	description: string;
+	enabled: boolean;
+	requestTimeoutSeconds: number;
+}
+
 export interface MCPHostManagerConfig {
 	servers: MCPClientConfig['servers'];
 	clientInfo?: Implementation;

tools/ui/src/routes/+layout.svelte

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 	import { onMount } from 'svelte';
 
 	import { SidebarNavigation, DialogConversationTitleUpdate } from '$lib/components/app';
+	import { DialogMcpServerRecommendations } from '$lib/components/app/dialogs';
 	import { PwaMetaTags, PwaRefreshAlert } from '$lib/components/pwa';
 	import { pwaAssetsHead } from 'virtual:pwa-assets/head';
 
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@
 	import { FAVICON_PATHS, FAVICON_SELECTORS } from '$lib/constants/pwa';
 	import { useKeyboardShortcuts } from '$lib/hooks/use-keyboard-shortcuts.svelte';
 	import { usePwa } from '$lib/hooks/use-pwa.svelte';
+	import { useMcpRecommendations } from '$lib/hooks/use-mcp-recommendations.svelte';
 	import { conversations } from '$lib/stores/conversations.svelte';
 	import { isMobile } from '$lib/stores/viewport.svelte';
 	import { theme } from '$lib/stores/theme.svelte';
@@ -37,6 +39,8 @@
 	let innerHeight = $state<number | undefined>();
 	let innerWidth = $state(browser ? window.innerWidth : 0);
 
+	const mcpRecommendations = useMcpRecommendations();
+
 	let chatSidebar:
 		| {
 				activateSearchMode?: () => void;
@@ -321,6 +325,11 @@
 		onConfirm={handleTitleUpdateConfirm}
 		onCancel={handleTitleUpdateCancel}
 	/>
+
+	<DialogMcpServerRecommendations
+		open={mcpRecommendations.open}
+		onOpenChange={mcpRecommendations.handleOpenChange}
+	/>
 </Tooltip.Provider>
 
 <!-- PWA update prompt + version -->

tools/ui/tests/client/components/McpServerFormWrapper.svelte

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<script lang="ts">
+	import { untrack } from 'svelte';
+	import McpServerForm from '$lib/components/app/mcp/McpServerForm.svelte';
+
+	interface Props {
+		headers?: string;
+	}
+
+	let { headers = '' }: Props = $props();
+
+	let headersState = $state(untrack(() => headers));
+	let lastCapturedHeaders = $state(untrack(() => headers));
+
+	$effect(() => {
+		if (headers !== lastCapturedHeaders) {
+			headersState = headers;
+			lastCapturedHeaders = headers;
+		}
+	});
+</script>
+
+<!--
+	Drives McpServerForm with a controlled `headers` string and exposes the
+	latest captured value through `data-captured-headers` so the client test
+	can read it back without a custom binding API.
+-->
+<McpServerForm
+	url="https://example.test/mcp"
+	headers={headersState}
+	onUrlChange={() => {}}
+	onHeadersChange={(value) => {
+		headersState = value;
+	}}
+	id="mcp-server-form-test"
+/>
+
+<div data-testid="captured-headers" data-captured-headers={headersState} hidden></div>

tools/ui/tests/client/mcp-server-form.svelte.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { render } from 'vitest-browser-svelte';
+import McpServerFormWrapper from './components/McpServerFormWrapper.svelte';
+
+const AUTHORIZATION_HEADER = 'Authorization';
+const BEARER_PREFIX = 'Bearer ';
+const BEARER_PLACEHOLDER = 'Paste token here';
+
+/**
+ * Client-side tests for the McpServerForm bearer UI.
+ *
+ * The dedicated UI only "owns" Authorization headers that already carry a
+ * Bearer scheme (heuristic check on the value). Other Authorization values
+ * stay in the KV section so the user can still edit them verbatim. Storage
+ * always goes through the same custom-headers slot, so a round-trip via this
+ * UI produces exactly one `Authorization: Bearer <token>` entry.
+ *
+ * Equivalent parser coverage lives in `tests/unit/headers.test.ts`.
+ */
+describe('McpServerForm - Authorization / bearer UI', () => {
+	function bearerInput(screen: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof render>>) {
+		return screen.locator.getByPlaceholder(BEARER_PLACEHOLDER);
+	}
+
+	function capturedHeaders(screen: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof render>>) {
+		return screen.getByTestId('captured-headers');
+	}
+
+	it('mounts with the bearer input hidden when no auth header is present', async () => {
+		const screen = await render(McpServerFormWrapper, { headers: '' });
+
+		await expect.element(screen.getByRole('textbox', { name: /server url/i })).toBeVisible();
+
+		await expect.element(bearerInput(screen)).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+	});
+
+	it('toggling Authorization shows the bearer input', async () => {
+		const screen = await render(McpServerFormWrapper, { headers: '' });
+
+		await screen.getByRole('switch', { name: /authorization/i }).click();
+
+		await expect.element(bearerInput(screen)).toBeVisible();
+	});
+
+	it('typing a token writes the Authorization row with the Bearer prefix prepended', async () => {
+		const screen = await render(McpServerFormWrapper, { headers: '' });
+
+		await screen.getByRole('switch', { name: /authorization/i }).click();
+
+		const token = 'super-secret';
+		await bearerInput(screen).fill(token);
+
+		const expected = JSON.stringify({ [AUTHORIZATION_HEADER]: `${BEARER_PREFIX}${token}` });
+		await expect
+			.element(capturedHeaders(screen))
+			.toHaveAttribute('data-captured-headers', expected);
+	});
+
+	it('pre-existing Bearer header pre-fills the bearer input with the token stripped', async () => {
+		const existing = JSON.stringify({
+			'X-Trace-Id': 'abc',
+			[AUTHORIZATION_HEADER]: `${BEARER_PREFIX}preexisting`
+		});
+
+		const screen = await render(McpServerFormWrapper, { headers: existing });
+
+		await expect.element(bearerInput(screen)).toBeVisible();
+		await expect.element(bearerInput(screen)).toHaveValue('preexisting');
+	});
+
+	it('non-Bearer Authorization is ignored by the dedicated UI and stays in the KV section', async () => {
+		const existing = JSON.stringify({ [AUTHORIZATION_HEADER]: 'Basic czNjcjpwYXNz' });
+
+		const screen = await render(McpServerFormWrapper, { headers: existing });
+
+		await expect.element(bearerInput(screen)).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+
+		const headerKeyInput = screen.getByPlaceholder('Header name');
+		await expect.element(headerKeyInput).toBeVisible();
+	});
+
+	it('engaging the token UI replaces a non-Bearer Authorization with the Bearer scheme', async () => {
+		const existing = JSON.stringify({ [AUTHORIZATION_HEADER]: 'Basic old' });
+
+		const screen = await render(McpServerFormWrapper, { headers: existing });
+
+		await screen.getByRole('switch', { name: /authorization/i }).click();
+		await bearerInput(screen).fill('new');
+
+		const expected = JSON.stringify({ [AUTHORIZATION_HEADER]: `${BEARER_PREFIX}new` });
+		await expect
+			.element(capturedHeaders(screen))
+			.toHaveAttribute('data-captured-headers', expected);
+	});
+
+	it('toggling Authorization off with no token drops the Bearer row but keeps non-Bearer schemes', async () => {
+		const existing = JSON.stringify({ [AUTHORIZATION_HEADER]: `${BEARER_PREFIX}xyz` });
+		const screen = await render(McpServerFormWrapper, { headers: existing });
+
+		await screen.getByRole('switch', { name: /authorization/i }).click();
+
+		await expect.element(capturedHeaders(screen)).toHaveAttribute('data-captured-headers', '');
+	});
+
+	it('toggling Authorization off when no Bearer row is present leaves headers untouched', async () => {
+		const existing = JSON.stringify({ [AUTHORIZATION_HEADER]: 'Basic czNjcjpwYXNz' });
+		const screen = await render(McpServerFormWrapper, { headers: existing });
+
+		await screen.getByRole('switch', { name: /authorization/i }).click();
+		await screen.getByRole('switch', { name: /authorization/i }).click();
+
+		await expect
+			.element(capturedHeaders(screen))
+			.toHaveAttribute('data-captured-headers', existing);
+	});
+
+	it('clearing the bearer input drops the Authorization row', async () => {
+		const existing = JSON.stringify({ [AUTHORIZATION_HEADER]: `${BEARER_PREFIX}xyz` });
+		const screen = await render(McpServerFormWrapper, { headers: existing });
+
+		await bearerInput(screen).fill('');
+
+		await expect.element(capturedHeaders(screen)).toHaveAttribute('data-captured-headers', '');
+	});
+
+	it('does not surface Bearer Authorization in the KV section even when pre-existing', async () => {
+		const existing = JSON.stringify({ [AUTHORIZATION_HEADER]: `${BEARER_PREFIX}xyz` });
+		const screen = await render(McpServerFormWrapper, { headers: existing });
+
+		const headerKeyInput = screen.getByPlaceholder('Header name');
+		await expect.element(headerKeyInput).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+	});
+});

tools/ui/tests/unit/headers.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { parseHeadersToArray, serializeHeaders } from '$lib/utils/headers';
+
+/**
+ * Tests for the header serialization helpers used by the MCP server form
+ * (custom header rows) and the new Authorization/Bearer-token flow.
+ */
+describe('parseHeadersToArray', () => {
+	it('returns an empty array for empty or whitespace-only input', () => {
+		expect(parseHeadersToArray('')).toEqual([]);
+		expect(parseHeadersToArray('   ')).toEqual([]);
+		expect(parseHeadersToArray(undefined as unknown as string)).toEqual([]);
+	});
+
+	it('returns an empty array for invalid JSON input', () => {
+		expect(parseHeadersToArray('{not-json')).toEqual([]);
+		expect(parseHeadersToArray('[]')).toEqual([]);
+		expect(parseHeadersToArray('"plain-string"')).toEqual([]);
+	});
+
+	it('converts an object into ordered key/value pairs', () => {
+		expect(parseHeadersToArray('{"X-Foo":"bar","Authorization":"Bearer abc"}')).toEqual([
+			{ key: 'X-Foo', value: 'bar' },
+			{ key: 'Authorization', value: 'Bearer abc' }
+		]);
+	});
+
+	it('stringifies non-string values', () => {
+		expect(parseHeadersToArray('{"count":"42","flag":"true"}')).toEqual([
+			{ key: 'count', value: '42' },
+			{ key: 'flag', value: 'true' }
+		]);
+	});
+});
+
+describe('serializeHeaders', () => {
+	it('returns an empty string when there are no valid pairs', () => {
+		expect(serializeHeaders([])).toBe('');
+		expect(serializeHeaders([{ key: '', value: 'value' }])).toBe('');
+		expect(serializeHeaders([{ key: '   ', value: 'value' }])).toBe('');
+	});
+
+	it('returns an empty string when every pair has a blank key', () => {
+		expect(
+			serializeHeaders([
+				{ key: '', value: 'drop-me' },
+				{ key: '   ', value: 'drop-me-too' },
+				{ key: '\t', value: 'tab-key' }
+			])
+		).toBe('');
+	});
+
+	it('drops pairs with empty keys but keeps the rest', () => {
+		expect(
+			serializeHeaders([
+				{ key: '', value: 'drop-me' },
+				{ key: 'X-Keep', value: 'ok' }
+			])
+		).toBe('{"X-Keep":"ok"}');
+	});
+
+	it('trims keys before serializing', () => {
+		expect(serializeHeaders([{ key: '  X-Space  ', value: 'ok' }])).toBe('{"X-Space":"ok"}');
+	});
+
+	it('preserves the input order of surviving pairs', () => {
+		const serialized = serializeHeaders([
+			{ key: 'X-C', value: '3' },
+			{ key: 'X-A', value: '1' },
+			{ key: 'X-B', value: '2' }
+		]);
+
+		// Object key order follows insertion order in modern JS engines, so
+		// the serialized JSON writes keys in our input order.
+		expect(JSON.parse(serialized)).toEqual({ 'X-C': '3', 'X-A': '1', 'X-B': '2' });
+	});
+});
+
+describe('parseHeadersToArray / serializeHeaders roundtrip', () => {
+	it('serializes back to an equal header object after a parse', () => {
+		const original = JSON.stringify({
+			'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+			'X-Trace-Id': 'abc-123'
+		});
+
+		const roundtrip = serializeHeaders(parseHeadersToArray(original));
+
+		expect(JSON.parse(roundtrip)).toEqual(JSON.parse(original));
+	});
+
+	it('drops rows whose keys are blank after trimming during serialization', () => {
+		const pairs = parseHeadersToArray('{"X-Keep":"ok","":"drop-me"}');
+
+		// parseHeadersToArray keeps raw key strings (the consumer is expected to
+		// filter blanks, not the parser); serialization must strip them.
+		expect(pairs).toEqual([
+			{ key: 'X-Keep', value: 'ok' },
+			{ key: '', value: 'drop-me' }
+		]);
+		expect(serializeHeaders(pairs)).toBe('{"X-Keep":"ok"}');
+	});
+
+	it('preserves upstream keys untouched (does not lowercase them)', () => {
+		const upperCased = '{"Authorization":"Bearer xyz"}';
+
+		const parsed = parseHeadersToArray(upperCased);
+
+		expect(parsed).toEqual([{ key: 'Authorization', value: 'Bearer xyz' }]);
+	});
+
+	it('bearer-token write survives a re-parse when paired with regular custom headers', () => {
+		// The McpServerForm bearer UI writes {Authorization: `Bearer <token>`}
+		// into the same headers string as the custom KV section. The round
+		// trip below mirrors the exact shape the form produces so a future
+		// refactor of either code path cannot silently change the on-disk key.
+		const pairs = [
+			{ key: 'X-Trace-Id', value: 'abc-123' },
+			{ key: 'Authorization', value: 'Bearer super-secret' }
+		];
+
+		const serialized = serializeHeaders(pairs);
+
+		expect(serialized).toBe('{"X-Trace-Id":"abc-123","Authorization":"Bearer super-secret"}');
+		expect(parseHeadersToArray(serialized)).toEqual(pairs);
+	});
+});

tools/ui/tests/unit/parse-mcp-server-settings.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+import { parseMcpServerSettings } from '$lib/utils/mcp';
+import { DEFAULT_MCP_CONFIG, MCP_SERVER_ID_PREFIX } from '$lib/constants/mcp';
+
+/**
+ * Tests for the mcpServers settings parser.
+ *
+ * The branch seeds the MCP servers setting with a default value of
+ * `JSON.stringify(RECOMMENDED_MCP_SERVERS)`, so the parser has to be
+ * resilient to anything that may live in the user's localStorage: malformed
+ * JSON, wrong shapes, missing fields, falsy-but-not-zero numbers, and entry
+ * arrays that have been mutated by the user via the settings form.
+ */
+describe('parseMcpServerSettings', () => {
+	it('returns an empty array for falsy or whitespace-only input', () => {
+		expect(parseMcpServerSettings(null)).toEqual([]);
+		expect(parseMcpServerSettings(undefined)).toEqual([]);
+		expect(parseMcpServerSettings('')).toEqual([]);
+		expect(parseMcpServerSettings('   ')).toEqual([]);
+	});
+
+	it('returns an empty array and logs a warning for invalid JSON strings', () => {
+		const warn = vi.spyOn(console, 'warn').mockImplementation(() => {});
+
+		expect(parseMcpServerSettings('{not-json')).toEqual([]);
+		expect(warn).toHaveBeenCalled();
+
+		warn.mockRestore();
+	});
+
+	it('returns an empty array for valid JSON that is not an array', () => {
+		expect(parseMcpServerSettings('"plain-string"')).toEqual([]);
+		expect(parseMcpServerSettings('{"id":"foo"}')).toEqual([]);
+		expect(parseMcpServerSettings('42')).toEqual([]);
+		expect(parseMcpServerSettings('null')).toEqual([]);
+	});
+
+	it('drops entries with no parseable id and substitutes a stable fallback', () => {
+		const parsed = parseMcpServerSettings(
+			JSON.stringify([{ url: 'https://a.test', enabled: true }, { url: 'https://b.test' }])
+		);
+
+		expect(parsed).toHaveLength(2);
+		expect(parsed[0]?.id).toBe(`${MCP_SERVER_ID_PREFIX}-1`);
+		expect(parsed[1]?.id).toBe(`${MCP_SERVER_ID_PREFIX}-2`);
+	});
+
+	it('reuses the first id when it is present and falls back only for missing ones', () => {
+		const parsed = parseMcpServerSettings(
+			JSON.stringify([
+				{ id: 'custom-1', url: 'https://a.test' },
+				{ url: 'https://b.test' },
+				{ id: 'custom-3', url: 'https://c.test' }
+			])
+		);
+
+		expect(parsed[0]?.id).toBe('custom-1');
+		expect(parsed[1]?.id).toBe(`${MCP_SERVER_ID_PREFIX}-2`);
+		expect(parsed[2]?.id).toBe('custom-3');
+	});
+
+	it('falls back to the configured default requestTimeoutSeconds only for nullish values', () => {
+		const fallback = DEFAULT_MCP_CONFIG.requestTimeoutSeconds;
+
+		const parsed = parseMcpServerSettings(
+			JSON.stringify([
+				{ id: 'a', url: 'https://a.test' },
+				{ id: 'b', url: 'https://b.test', requestTimeoutSeconds: undefined },
+				{ id: 'c', url: 'https://c.test', requestTimeoutSeconds: 0 },
+				{ id: 'd', url: 'https://d.test', requestTimeoutSeconds: 45 }
+			])
+		);
+
+		// The parser uses ?? for timeout fallback, which only triggers on
+		// null/undefined. Explicit 0 is preserved at face value.
+		expect(parsed[0]?.requestTimeoutSeconds).toBe(fallback);
+		expect(parsed[1]?.requestTimeoutSeconds).toBe(fallback);
+		expect(parsed[2]?.requestTimeoutSeconds).toBe(0);
+		expect(parsed[3]?.requestTimeoutSeconds).toBe(45);
+	});
+
+	it('treats whitespace-only headers strings as undefined', () => {
+		const parsed = parseMcpServerSettings(
+			JSON.stringify([
+				{ id: 'a', url: 'https://a.test', headers: '   ' },
+				{ id: 'b', url: 'https://b.test', headers: '{"X-Foo":"bar"}' }
+			])
+		);
+
+		// The parser trims headers and coerces empty/whitespace to undefined.
+		expect(parsed[0]?.headers).toBeUndefined();
+		expect(parsed[1]?.headers).toBe('{"X-Foo":"bar"}');
+	});
+
+	it('defaults coercion for booleans (undefined -> false, true -> true)', () => {
+		const parsed = parseMcpServerSettings(
+			JSON.stringify([
+				{ id: 'a', url: 'https://a.test' },
+				{ id: 'b', url: 'https://b.test', enabled: true },
+				{ id: 'c', url: 'https://c.test', enabled: false },
+				{ id: 'd', url: 'https://d.test', useProxy: true }
+			])
+		);
+
+		expect(parsed[0]?.enabled).toBe(false);
+		expect(parsed[1]?.enabled).toBe(true);
+		expect(parsed[2]?.enabled).toBe(false);
+		expect(parsed[0]?.useProxy).toBe(false);
+		expect(parsed[3]?.useProxy).toBe(true);
+	});
+
+	it('preserves input order when mapping entries', () => {
+		const source = [
+			{ id: 'gamma', url: 'https://c.test' },
+			{ id: 'alpha', url: 'https://a.test' },
+			{ id: 'beta', url: 'https://b.test' }
+		];
+
+		const parsed = parseMcpServerSettings(JSON.stringify(source));
+
+		expect(parsed.map((entry) => entry.id)).toEqual(['gamma', 'alpha', 'beta']);
+	});
+
+	it('passes non-string raw input through the JSON-equality path', () => {
+		const parsed = parseMcpServerSettings([
+			{ id: 'a', url: 'https://a.test' },
+			{ id: 'b', url: 'https://b.test', enabled: true }
+		]);
+
+		expect(parsed).toHaveLength(2);
+		expect(parsed[0]?.id).toBe('a');
+		expect(parsed[1]?.enabled).toBe(true);
+	});
+
+	it('coerces non-string url values to an empty string rather than throwing', () => {
+		const parsed = parseMcpServerSettings(
+			JSON.stringify([{ id: 'a', url: 42 }, { id: 'b' }, { id: 'c', url: 'https://c.test' }])
+		);
+
+		expect(parsed[0]?.url).toBe('');
+		expect(parsed[1]?.url).toBe('');
+		expect(parsed[2]?.url).toBe('https://c.test');
+	});
+});

tools/ui/tests/unit/recommended-mcp-servers.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import {
+	RECOMMENDED_MCP_SERVER_IDS,
+	RECOMMENDED_MCP_SERVERS
+} from '$lib/constants/recommended-mcp-servers';
+import { parseMcpServerSettings } from '$lib/utils/mcp';
+import { DEFAULT_MCP_CONFIG, MCP_SERVER_ID_PREFIX } from '$lib/constants/mcp';
+
+/**
+ * Tests for the predefined recommended MCP servers.
+ *
+ * These are surfaced to first-time users via
+ * DialogMcpServerRecommendations and used as the default value of the MCP
+ * servers setting, so a regression that breaks the round-trip through the
+ * settings parser would silently break onboarding for new users.
+ */
+describe('RECOMMENDED_MCP_SERVERS', () => {
+	it('lists at least one entry and uses stable, unique ids', () => {
+		expect(RECOMMENDED_MCP_SERVERS.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+
+		const ids = RECOMMENDED_MCP_SERVERS.map((server) => server.id);
+		expect(new Set(ids).size).toBe(ids.length);
+
+		for (const id of ids) {
+			expect(id).toMatch(/^[a-z0-9-]+$/);
+			expect(id.toLowerCase()).not.toContain(MCP_SERVER_ID_PREFIX.toLowerCase());
+		}
+	});
+
+	it('requires a name, description and url for every entry', () => {
+		for (const server of RECOMMENDED_MCP_SERVERS) {
+			expect(server.name?.trim().length ?? 0).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+			expect(server.description.trim().length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+			expect(server.url.trim().length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+			expect(() => new URL(server.url)).not.toThrow();
+		}
+	});
+});
+
+describe('RECOMMENDED_MCP_SERVER_IDS', () => {
+	it('matches the ids declared in RECOMMENDED_MCP_SERVERS', () => {
+		expect(RECOMMENDED_MCP_SERVER_IDS.size).toBe(RECOMMENDED_MCP_SERVERS.length);
+
+		for (const server of RECOMMENDED_MCP_SERVERS) {
+			expect(RECOMMENDED_MCP_SERVER_IDS.has(server.id)).toBe(true);
+		}
+	});
+});
+
+describe('recommended-mcp-servers default value', () => {
+	it('round-trips cleanly through parseMcpServerSettings', () => {
+		const serialized = JSON.stringify(RECOMMENDED_MCP_SERVERS);
+		const parsed = parseMcpServerSettings(serialized);
+
+		expect(parsed).toHaveLength(RECOMMENDED_MCP_SERVERS.length);
+
+		for (let index = 0; index < RECOMMENDED_MCP_SERVERS.length; index++) {
+			const source = RECOMMENDED_MCP_SERVERS[index];
+			const entry = parsed[index];
+
+			expect(entry).toBeDefined();
+			expect(entry?.id).toBe(source.id);
+			expect(entry?.url).toBe(source.url);
+			expect(entry?.enabled).toBe(source.enabled);
+			expect(entry?.requestTimeoutSeconds).toBe(source.requestTimeoutSeconds);
+			expect(entry?.name).toBe(source.name);
+
+			// Headers and useProxy are not set on recommended servers; the
+			// parser must fall back to the inactive defaults rather than
+			// surfacing undefined-boundary states.
+			expect(entry?.headers).toBeUndefined();
+			expect(entry?.useProxy).toBe(false);
+		}
+	});
+
+	it('uses the global default timeout when one is not specified on an entry', () => {
+		const sourceOnlyRequired = {
+			id: 'roundtrip-only',
+			name: 'Only required fields',
+			url: 'https://example.test/mcp',
+			description: 'Smoke entry for parser roundtrip with default timeout.',
+			enabled: true
+		};
+
+		const parsed = parseMcpServerSettings(JSON.stringify([sourceOnlyRequired]));
+		const entry = parsed[0];
+
+		expect(entry?.requestTimeoutSeconds).toBe(DEFAULT_MCP_CONFIG.requestTimeoutSeconds);
+	});
+});

vendor/cpp-httplib/httplib.cpp

@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ bool set_socket_opt_time(socket_t sock, int level, int optname,
 }
 
 bool is_hex(char c, int &v) {
-  if (isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(c))) {
+  if (is_ascii_digit(c)) {
     v = c - '0';
     return true;
   } else if ('A' <= c && c <= 'F') {
@@ -695,7 +695,11 @@ std::string base64_encode(const std::string &in) {
   std::string out;
   out.reserve(in.size());
 
-  auto val = 0;
+  // Unsigned: the accumulator is never masked, so with a signed int the
+  // `val << 8` below overflows once enough bytes are folded in (undefined
+  // behaviour before C++20). Only the low bits are ever emitted, so the
+  // wrap-around of an unsigned accumulator does not affect the output.
+  uint32_t val = 0;
   auto valb = -6;
 
   for (auto c : in) {
@@ -3887,8 +3891,7 @@ bool parse_range_header(const std::string &s, Ranges &ranges) {
 bool parse_range_header(const std::string &s, Ranges &ranges) try {
 #endif
   auto is_valid = [](const std::string &str) {
-    return std::all_of(str.cbegin(), str.cend(),
-                       [](unsigned char c) { return std::isdigit(c); });
+    return std::all_of(str.cbegin(), str.cend(), is_ascii_digit);
   };
 
   if (s.size() > 7 && s.compare(0, 6, "bytes=") == 0) {
@@ -4336,7 +4339,7 @@ bool is_multipart_boundary_chars_valid(const std::string &boundary) {
   auto valid = true;
   for (size_t i = 0; i < boundary.size(); i++) {
     auto c = boundary[i];
-    if (!std::isalnum(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) && c != '-' && c != '_') {
+    if (!is_ascii_alnum(c) && c != '-' && c != '_') {
       valid = false;
       break;
     }
@@ -4344,18 +4347,47 @@ bool is_multipart_boundary_chars_valid(const std::string &boundary) {
   return valid;
 }
 
+// Escape a multipart field name/filename following the WHATWG HTML standard
+// ("escape a multipart form-data name"), which is what browsers send:
+// '"' -> %22, CR -> %0D, LF -> %0A
+// With escape_quote = false, only CR and LF are escaped; this is for header
+// values outside a quoted-string (e.g. Content-Type), where '"' is legal.
+std::string escape_multipart_field(const std::string &s,
+                                          bool escape_quote = true) {
+  std::string result;
+  result.reserve(s.size());
+  for (auto c : s) {
+    switch (c) {
+    case '"':
+      if (escape_quote) {
+        result += "%22";
+      } else {
+        result += c;
+      }
+      break;
+    case '\r': result += "%0D"; break;
+    case '\n': result += "%0A"; break;
+    default: result += c; break;
+    }
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
 template <typename T>
 std::string
 serialize_multipart_formdata_item_begin(const T &item,
                                         const std::string &boundary) {
   std::string body = "--" + boundary + "\r\n";
-  body += "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"" + item.name + "\"";
+  body += "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"" +
+          escape_multipart_field(item.name) + "\"";
   if (!item.filename.empty()) {
-    body += "; filename=\"" + item.filename + "\"";
+    body += "; filename=\"" + escape_multipart_field(item.filename) + "\"";
   }
   body += "\r\n";
   if (!item.content_type.empty()) {
-    body += "Content-Type: " + item.content_type + "\r\n";
+    body +=
+        "Content-Type: " + escape_multipart_field(item.content_type, false) +
+        "\r\n";
   }
   body += "\r\n";
 
@@ -4821,10 +4853,9 @@ private:
 namespace fields {
 
 bool is_token_char(char c) {
-  return std::isalnum(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) || c == '!' || c == '#' ||
-         c == '$' || c == '%' || c == '&' || c == '\'' || c == '*' ||
-         c == '+' || c == '-' || c == '.' || c == '^' || c == '_' || c == '`' ||
-         c == '|' || c == '~';
+  return is_ascii_alnum(c) || c == '!' || c == '#' || c == '$' || c == '%' ||
+         c == '&' || c == '\'' || c == '*' || c == '+' || c == '-' ||
+         c == '.' || c == '^' || c == '_' || c == '`' || c == '|' || c == '~';
 }
 
 bool is_token(const std::string &s) {
@@ -4873,7 +4904,8 @@ bool is_field_value(const std::string &s) { return is_field_content(s); }
 } // namespace fields
 
 bool perform_websocket_handshake(Stream &strm, const std::string &host,
-                                        int port, const std::string &path,
+                                        int port, bool is_ssl,
+                                        const std::string &path,
                                         const Headers &headers,
                                         std::string &selected_subprotocol) {
   // Validate path and host
@@ -4899,7 +4931,7 @@ bool perform_websocket_handshake(Stream &strm, const std::string &host,
 
   // Build upgrade request
   std::string req_str = "GET " + path + " HTTP/1.1\r\n";
-  req_str += "Host: " + host + ":" + std::to_string(port) + "\r\n";
+  req_str += "Host: " + make_host_and_port_string(host, port, is_ssl) + "\r\n";
   req_str += "Upgrade: websocket\r\n";
   req_str += "Connection: Upgrade\r\n";
   req_str += "Sec-WebSocket-Key: " + client_key + "\r\n";
@@ -5599,9 +5631,8 @@ std::string encode_uri_component(const std::string &value) {
   escaped << std::hex;
 
   for (auto c : value) {
-    if (std::isalnum(static_cast<uint8_t>(c)) || c == '-' || c == '_' ||
-        c == '.' || c == '!' || c == '~' || c == '*' || c == '\'' || c == '(' ||
-        c == ')') {
+    if (detail::is_ascii_alnum(c) || c == '-' || c == '_' || c == '.' ||
+        c == '!' || c == '~' || c == '*' || c == '\'' || c == '(' || c == ')') {
       escaped << c;
     } else {
       escaped << std::uppercase;
@@ -5620,10 +5651,10 @@ std::string encode_uri(const std::string &value) {
   escaped << std::hex;
 
   for (auto c : value) {
-    if (std::isalnum(static_cast<uint8_t>(c)) || c == '-' || c == '_' ||
-        c == '.' || c == '!' || c == '~' || c == '*' || c == '\'' || c == '(' ||
-        c == ')' || c == ';' || c == '/' || c == '?' || c == ':' || c == '@' ||
-        c == '&' || c == '=' || c == '+' || c == '$' || c == ',' || c == '#') {
+    if (detail::is_ascii_alnum(c) || c == '-' || c == '_' || c == '.' ||
+        c == '!' || c == '~' || c == '*' || c == '\'' || c == '(' || c == ')' ||
+        c == ';' || c == '/' || c == '?' || c == ':' || c == '@' || c == '&' ||
+        c == '=' || c == '+' || c == '$' || c == ',' || c == '#') {
       escaped << c;
     } else {
       escaped << std::uppercase;
@@ -5684,7 +5715,8 @@ std::string encode_path_component(const std::string &component) {
     auto c = static_cast<unsigned char>(component[i]);
 
     // Unreserved characters per RFC 3986: ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "." / "_" / "~"
-    if (std::isalnum(c) || c == '-' || c == '.' || c == '_' || c == '~') {
+    if (detail::is_ascii_alnum(static_cast<char>(c)) || c == '-' || c == '.' ||
+        c == '_' || c == '~') {
       result += static_cast<char>(c);
     }
     // Path-safe sub-delimiters: "!" / "$" / "&" / "'" / "(" / ")" / "*" / "+" /
@@ -5757,7 +5789,8 @@ std::string encode_query_component(const std::string &component,
     auto c = static_cast<unsigned char>(component[i]);
 
     // Unreserved characters per RFC 3986
-    if (std::isalnum(c) || c == '-' || c == '.' || c == '_' || c == '~') {
+    if (detail::is_ascii_alnum(static_cast<char>(c)) || c == '-' || c == '.' ||
+        c == '_' || c == '~') {
       result += static_cast<char>(c);
     }
     // Space handling
@@ -6010,6 +6043,48 @@ size_t MultipartFormData::get_file_count(const std::string &key) const {
   return static_cast<size_t>(std::distance(r.first, r.second));
 }
 
+// Multipart FormData writer implementation
+bool is_valid_multipart_boundary(const std::string &boundary) {
+  return detail::is_multipart_boundary_chars_valid(boundary);
+}
+
+MultipartFormDataWriter::MultipartFormDataWriter()
+    : boundary_(detail::make_multipart_data_boundary()) {}
+
+MultipartFormDataWriter::MultipartFormDataWriter(std::string boundary)
+    : boundary_(std::move(boundary)) {}
+
+const std::string &MultipartFormDataWriter::boundary() const {
+  return boundary_;
+}
+
+std::string MultipartFormDataWriter::content_type() const {
+  return detail::serialize_multipart_formdata_get_content_type(boundary_);
+}
+
+std::string
+MultipartFormDataWriter::serialize(const UploadFormDataItems &items) const {
+  return detail::serialize_multipart_formdata(items, boundary_);
+}
+
+size_t MultipartFormDataWriter::content_length(
+    const UploadFormDataItems &items) const {
+  return detail::get_multipart_content_length(items, boundary_);
+}
+
+std::string
+MultipartFormDataWriter::item_begin(const UploadFormData &item) const {
+  return detail::serialize_multipart_formdata_item_begin(item, boundary_);
+}
+
+std::string MultipartFormDataWriter::item_end() {
+  return detail::serialize_multipart_formdata_item_end();
+}
+
+std::string MultipartFormDataWriter::finish() const {
+  return detail::serialize_multipart_formdata_finish(boundary_);
+}
+
 // Response implementation
 size_t Response::get_header_value_u64(const std::string &key, size_t def,
                                              size_t id) const {
@@ -6229,8 +6304,10 @@ ssize_t detail::BodyReader::read(char *buf, size_t len) {
 }
 
 // ThreadPool implementation
-ThreadPool::ThreadPool(size_t n, size_t max_n, size_t mqr)
-    : base_thread_count_(n), max_queued_requests_(mqr), idle_thread_count_(0),
+ThreadPool::ThreadPool(size_t n, size_t max_n, size_t mqr,
+                              time_t idle_timeout_sec)
+    : base_thread_count_(n), max_queued_requests_(mqr),
+      idle_timeout_sec_(idle_timeout_sec), idle_thread_count_(0),
       shutdown_(false) {
 #ifndef CPPHTTPLIB_NO_EXCEPTIONS
   if (max_n != 0 && max_n < n) {
@@ -6340,9 +6417,9 @@ void ThreadPool::worker(bool is_dynamic) {
       idle_thread_count_++;
 
       if (is_dynamic) {
-        auto has_work = cond_.wait_for(
-            lock, std::chrono::seconds(CPPHTTPLIB_THREAD_POOL_IDLE_TIMEOUT),
-            [&] { return !jobs_.empty() || shutdown_; });
+        auto has_work =
+            cond_.wait_for(lock, std::chrono::seconds(idle_timeout_sec_),
+                           [&] { return !jobs_.empty() || shutdown_; });
         if (!has_work) {
           // Timed out with no work - exit this dynamic thread
           idle_thread_count_--;
@@ -9687,9 +9764,18 @@ bool ClientImpl::write_request(Stream &strm, Request &req,
 
     if (!query_part.empty()) {
       // Normalize the query string (decode then re-encode) while preserving
-      // the original parameter order.
-      auto normalized = detail::normalize_query_string(query_part);
-      if (!normalized.empty()) { path_with_query += '?' + normalized; }
+      // the original parameter order. When path encoding is disabled the
+      // caller has supplied an already-encoded target and expects the exact
+      // bytes to be sent on the wire, so skip normalization for the query
+      // too. Normalizing here would decode-then-re-encode the query and
+      // corrupt pre-encoded binary payloads (e.g. turning `%20` into `+`,
+      // which a strict RFC 3986 server decodes back as `+`, not a space).
+      if (path_encode_) {
+        auto normalized = detail::normalize_query_string(query_part);
+        if (!normalized.empty()) { path_with_query += '?' + normalized; }
+      } else {
+        path_with_query += '?' + query_part;
+      }
 
       // Still populate req.params for handlers/users who read them.
       detail::parse_query_text(query_part, req.params);
@@ -12518,7 +12604,7 @@ bool is_ipv4_address(const std::string &str) {
   for (char c : str) {
     if (c == '.') {
       dots++;
-    } else if (!isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(c))) {
+    } else if (!detail::is_ascii_digit(c)) {
       return false;
     }
   }
@@ -12535,7 +12621,7 @@ bool parse_ipv4(const std::string &str, unsigned char *out) {
     }
     int val = 0;
     int digits = 0;
-    while (*p >= '0' && *p <= '9') {
+    while (detail::is_ascii_digit(*p)) {
       val = val * 10 + (*p - '0');
       if (val > 255) { return false; }
       p++;
@@ -16487,9 +16573,15 @@ bool WebSocketClient::connect() {
     return false;
   }
 
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_SSL_ENABLED
+  auto is_ssl = is_ssl_;
+#else
+  auto is_ssl = false;
+#endif
+
   std::string selected_subprotocol;
-  if (!detail::perform_websocket_handshake(*strm, host_, port_, path_, headers_,
-                                           selected_subprotocol)) {
+  if (!detail::perform_websocket_handshake(*strm, host_, port_, is_ssl, path_,
+                                           headers_, selected_subprotocol)) {
     shutdown_and_close();
     return false;
   }

vendor/cpp-httplib/httplib.h

@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
 #ifndef CPPHTTPLIB_HTTPLIB_H
 #define CPPHTTPLIB_HTTPLIB_H
 
-#define CPPHTTPLIB_VERSION "0.48.0"
-#define CPPHTTPLIB_VERSION_NUM "0x003000"
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_VERSION "0.49.0"
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_VERSION_NUM "0x003100"
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
 #if defined(_WIN32_WINNT) && _WIN32_WINNT < 0x0A00
@@ -309,7 +309,6 @@ using socket_t = int;
 #include <array>
 #include <atomic>
 #include <cassert>
-#include <cctype>
 #include <chrono>
 #include <climits>
 #include <condition_variable>
@@ -540,6 +539,21 @@ make_unique(std::size_t n) {
   return std::unique_ptr<T>(new RT[n]);
 }
 
+// Locale-independent ASCII character classification. The <cctype>
+// counterparts (std::isalnum, std::isdigit, ...) consult the global C locale,
+// so e.g. std::isalnum(0xC5) can return true once an embedder calls
+// setlocale(). HTTP grammars are defined over ASCII, so raw bytes must be
+// classified without regard to the locale.
+inline bool is_ascii_digit(char c) { return '0' <= c && c <= '9'; }
+
+inline bool is_ascii_alpha(char c) {
+  return ('a' <= c && c <= 'z') || ('A' <= c && c <= 'Z');
+}
+
+inline bool is_ascii_alnum(char c) {
+  return is_ascii_digit(c) || is_ascii_alpha(c);
+}
+
 namespace case_ignore {
 
 inline unsigned char to_lower(int c) {
@@ -661,7 +675,7 @@ inline from_chars_result<T> from_chars(const char *first, const char *last,
   for (; p != last; ++p) {
     char c = *p;
     int digit = -1;
-    if ('0' <= c && c <= '9') {
+    if (is_ascii_digit(c)) {
       digit = c - '0';
     } else if ('a' <= c && c <= 'z') {
       digit = c - 'a' + 10;
@@ -733,14 +747,14 @@ inline from_chars_result<double> from_chars(const char *first, const char *last,
     return false;
   };
 
-  for (; p != last && '0' <= *p && *p <= '9'; ++p) {
+  for (; p != last && is_ascii_digit(*p); ++p) {
     seen_digit = true;
     accumulate(*p);
   }
 
   if (p != last && *p == '.') {
     ++p;
-    for (; p != last && '0' <= *p && *p <= '9'; ++p) {
+    for (; p != last && is_ascii_digit(*p); ++p) {
       seen_digit = true;
       if (frac_digits < max_frac_digits && accumulate(*p)) { ++frac_digits; }
     }
@@ -803,8 +817,8 @@ inline bool parse_url(const std::string &url, UrlComponents &uc) {
       // IPv6 host must be [a-fA-F0-9:]+ only
       if (uc.host.empty()) { return false; }
       for (auto c : uc.host) {
-        if (!((c >= 'a' && c <= 'f') || (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F') ||
-              (c >= '0' && c <= '9') || c == ':')) {
+        if (!(is_ascii_digit(c) || (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f') ||
+              (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F') || c == ':')) {
           return false;
         }
       }
@@ -1541,7 +1555,9 @@ public:
 
 class ThreadPool final : public TaskQueue {
 public:
-  explicit ThreadPool(size_t n, size_t max_n = 0, size_t mqr = 0);
+  explicit ThreadPool(
+      size_t n, size_t max_n = 0, size_t mqr = 0,
+      time_t idle_timeout_sec = CPPHTTPLIB_THREAD_POOL_IDLE_TIMEOUT);
   ThreadPool(const ThreadPool &) = delete;
   ~ThreadPool() override = default;
 
@@ -1556,6 +1572,7 @@ private:
   size_t base_thread_count_;
   size_t max_thread_count_;
   size_t max_queued_requests_;
+  time_t idle_timeout_sec_;
   size_t idle_thread_count_;
 
   bool shutdown_;
@@ -1680,6 +1697,35 @@ make_multipart_content_provider(const UploadFormDataItems &items,
 
 } // namespace detail
 
+bool is_valid_multipart_boundary(const std::string &boundary);
+
+// Serializer for multipart/form-data request bodies. The boundary is owned
+// by the writer so that per-part framing and the final terminator always
+// agree. Field names and filenames are escaped following the WHATWG HTML
+// standard ('"' -> %22, CR -> %0D, LF -> %0A); CR and LF are also escaped
+// in content types.
+class MultipartFormDataWriter {
+public:
+  MultipartFormDataWriter();
+  // precondition: is_valid_multipart_boundary(boundary)
+  explicit MultipartFormDataWriter(std::string boundary);
+
+  const std::string &boundary() const;
+  std::string content_type() const;
+
+  // In-memory items -> whole body (known length)
+  std::string serialize(const UploadFormDataItems &items) const;
+  size_t content_length(const UploadFormDataItems &items) const;
+
+  // Per-part framing for streaming via a content provider
+  std::string item_begin(const UploadFormData &item) const;
+  static std::string item_end();
+  std::string finish() const;
+
+private:
+  std::string boundary_;
+};
+
 class Server {
 public:
   using Handler = std::function<void(const Request &, Response &)>;
@@ -2897,9 +2943,7 @@ template <size_t N> inline constexpr size_t str_len(const char (&)[N]) {
 }
 
 inline bool is_numeric(const std::string &str) {
-  return !str.empty() &&
-         std::all_of(str.cbegin(), str.cend(),
-                     [](unsigned char c) { return std::isdigit(c); });
+  return !str.empty() && std::all_of(str.cbegin(), str.cend(), is_ascii_digit);
 }
 
 inline size_t get_header_value_u64(const Headers &headers,