llama-run : improve progress bar (#10821 )

Set default width to whatever the terminal is. Also fixed a small bug around default n_gpu_layers value. Signed-off-by: Eric Curtin <ecurtin@redhat.com>
ggml : fix arm build (#10890 )
2026-06-30 17:47:40 +02:00 · 2024-12-19 03:58:00 +01:00 · 2024-12-18 23:21:42 +01:00 · 2024-12-18 19:27:21 +02:00 · 2024-12-18 15:00:07 +01:00 · 2024-12-18 13:01:41 +02:00
174 changed files with 19109 additions and 2933 deletions
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
  # Increases the runtime closure size by ~700M
  useMpi ? false,
  useRocm ? config.rocmSupport,
+  rocmGpuTargets ? builtins.concatStringsSep ";" rocmPackages.clr.gpuTargets,
  enableCurl ? true,
  useVulkan ? false,
  llamaVersion ? "0.0.0", # Arbitrary version, substituted by the flake
@@ -188,7 +189,7 @@ effectiveStdenv.mkDerivation (finalAttrs: {
    ]
    ++ optionals useRocm [
      (cmakeFeature "CMAKE_HIP_COMPILER" "${rocmPackages.llvm.clang}/bin/clang")
-      (cmakeFeature "CMAKE_HIP_ARCHITECTURES" (builtins.concatStringsSep ";" rocmPackages.clr.gpuTargets))
+      (cmakeFeature "CMAKE_HIP_ARCHITECTURES" rocmGpuTargets)
    ]
    ++ optionals useMetalKit [
      (lib.cmakeFeature "CMAKE_C_FLAGS" "-D__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD=1")
@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ arg1="$1"
 shift

 if [[ "$arg1" == '--convert' || "$arg1" == '-c' ]]; then
-    python3 ./convert_hf_to_gguf.py "$@"
+    exec python3 ./convert_hf_to_gguf.py "$@"
 elif [[ "$arg1" == '--quantize' || "$arg1" == '-q' ]]; then
-    ./llama-quantize "$@"
+    exec ./llama-quantize "$@"
 elif [[ "$arg1" == '--run' || "$arg1" == '-r' ]]; then
-    ./llama-cli "$@"
+    exec ./llama-cli "$@"
 elif [[ "$arg1" == '--all-in-one' || "$arg1" == '-a' ]]; then
    echo "Converting PTH to GGML..."
    for i in `ls $1/$2/ggml-model-f16.bin*`; do
@@ -20,11 +20,11 @@ elif [[ "$arg1" == '--all-in-one' || "$arg1" == '-a' ]]; then
            echo "Skip model quantization, it already exists: ${i/f16/q4_0}"
        else
            echo "Converting PTH to GGML: $i into ${i/f16/q4_0}..."
-            ./llama-quantize "$i" "${i/f16/q4_0}" q4_0
+            exec ./llama-quantize "$i" "${i/f16/q4_0}" q4_0
        fi
    done
 elif [[ "$arg1" == '--server' || "$arg1" == '-s' ]]; then
-    ./llama-server "$@"
+    exec ./llama-server "$@"
 else
    echo "Unknown command: $arg1"
    echo "Available commands: "
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ jobs:
          wget -qO - https://packages.lunarg.com/lunarg-signing-key-pub.asc | sudo apt-key add -
          sudo wget -qO /etc/apt/sources.list.d/lunarg-vulkan-jammy.list https://packages.lunarg.com/vulkan/lunarg-vulkan-jammy.list
          sudo apt-get update -y
-          sudo apt-get install -y build-essential vulkan-sdk
+          sudo apt-get install -y build-essential mesa-vulkan-drivers vulkan-sdk

      - name: Build
        id: cmake_build
@@ -327,6 +327,12 @@ jobs:
          cmake -DGGML_VULKAN=ON ..
          cmake --build . --config Release -j $(nproc)

+      - name: Test
+        id: cmake_test
+        run: |
+          cd build
+          ctest -L main --verbose --timeout 900
+
  ubuntu-22-cmake-hip:
    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
    container: rocm/dev-ubuntu-22.04:6.0.2
@@ -552,35 +558,44 @@ jobs:
            -DCMAKE_XCODE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVELOPMENT_TEAM=ggml
          cmake --build . --config Release -j $(sysctl -n hw.logicalcpu) -- CODE_SIGNING_ALLOWED=NO

-# TODO: tmp disabled. see for possible re-enable:
-#       https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/10525
-#  macOS-latest-swift:
-#    runs-on: macos-latest
-#
-#    strategy:
-#      matrix:
-#        destination: ['generic/platform=macOS', 'generic/platform=iOS', 'generic/platform=tvOS']
-#
-#    steps:
-#      - name: Clone
-#        id: checkout
-#        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-#
-#      - name: Dependencies
-#        id: depends
-#        continue-on-error: true
-#        run: |
-#          brew update
-#
-#      - name: xcodebuild for swift package
-#        id: xcodebuild
-#        run: |
-#          xcodebuild -scheme llama -destination "${{ matrix.destination }}"
-#
-#      - name: Build Swift Example
-#        id: make_build_swift_example
-#        run: |
-#            make swift
+  macOS-latest-swift:
+    runs-on: macos-latest
+
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        destination: ['generic/platform=macOS', 'generic/platform=iOS', 'generic/platform=tvOS']
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Clone
+        id: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Dependencies
+        id: depends
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: |
+          brew update
+
+      - name: Build llama.cpp with CMake
+        id: cmake_build
+        run: |
+          sysctl -a
+          mkdir build
+          cd build
+          cmake -G Xcode .. \
+            -DGGML_METAL_USE_BF16=ON \
+            -DGGML_METAL_EMBED_LIBRARY=ON \
+            -DLLAMA_BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF \
+            -DLLAMA_BUILD_TESTS=OFF \
+            -DLLAMA_BUILD_SERVER=OFF \
+            -DCMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES="arm64;x86_64"
+          cmake --build . --config Release -j $(sysctl -n hw.logicalcpu)
+          sudo cmake --install . --config Release
+
+      - name: xcodebuild for swift package
+        id: xcodebuild
+        run: |
+          xcodebuild -scheme llama-Package -destination "${{ matrix.destination }}"

  windows-msys2:
    runs-on: windows-latest
@@ -653,6 +668,8 @@ jobs:
            defines: '-G "Ninja Multi-Config" -D CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=cmake/arm64-windows-llvm.cmake -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF -DLLAMA_BUILD_SERVER=ON -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON'
          - build: 'msvc-arm64'
            defines: '-G "Ninja Multi-Config" -D CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=cmake/arm64-windows-msvc.cmake -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF -DLLAMA_BUILD_SERVER=ON -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON'
+          - build: 'llvm-arm64-opencl-adreno'
+            defines: '-G "Ninja Multi-Config" -D CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=cmake/arm64-windows-llvm.cmake -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$env:RUNNER_TEMP/opencl-arm64-release" -DGGML_OPENCL=ON -DGGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS=ON'

    steps:
      - name: Clone
@@ -694,6 +711,28 @@ jobs:
        run: |
          choco install ninja

+      - name: Install OpenCL Headers and Libs
+        id: install_opencl
+        if: ${{ matrix.build == 'llvm-arm64-opencl-adreno' }}
+        run: |
+          git clone https://github.com/KhronosGroup/OpenCL-Headers
+          cd OpenCL-Headers
+          mkdir build && cd build
+          cmake .. `
+            -DBUILD_TESTING=OFF `
+            -DOPENCL_HEADERS_BUILD_TESTING=OFF `
+            -DOPENCL_HEADERS_BUILD_CXX_TESTS=OFF `
+            -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="$env:RUNNER_TEMP/opencl-arm64-release"
+          cmake --build . --target install
+          git clone https://github.com/KhronosGroup/OpenCL-ICD-Loader
+          cd OpenCL-ICD-Loader
+          mkdir build-arm64-release && cd build-arm64-release
+          cmake .. `
+            -A arm64 `
+            -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$env:RUNNER_TEMP/opencl-arm64-release" `
+            -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="$env:RUNNER_TEMP/opencl-arm64-release"
+          cmake --build . --target install --config release
+
      - name: Build
        id: cmake_build
        run: |
@@ -723,7 +762,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Test
        id: cmake_test
        # not all machines have native AVX-512
-        if: ${{ matrix.build != 'msvc-arm64' && matrix.build != 'llvm-arm64' && matrix.build != 'kompute-x64' && matrix.build != 'vulkan-x64' && (matrix.build != 'avx512-x64' || env.HAS_AVX512F == '1') }}
+        if: ${{ matrix.build != 'msvc-arm64' && matrix.build != 'llvm-arm64' && matrix.build != 'llvm-arm64-opencl-adreno' && matrix.build != 'kompute-x64' && matrix.build != 'vulkan-x64' && (matrix.build != 'avx512-x64' || env.HAS_AVX512F == '1') }}
        run: |
          cd build
          ctest -L main -C Release --verbose --timeout 900
@@ -1104,6 +1143,29 @@ jobs:
      - name: Checkout code
        uses: actions/checkout@v4

+      - name: Build
+        id: cmake_build
+        run: |
+          sysctl -a
+          mkdir build
+          cd build
+          cmake -G Xcode .. \
+            -DGGML_METAL_USE_BF16=ON \
+            -DGGML_METAL_EMBED_LIBRARY=ON \
+            -DLLAMA_BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF \
+            -DLLAMA_BUILD_TESTS=OFF \
+            -DLLAMA_BUILD_SERVER=OFF \
+            -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=iOS \
+            -DCMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=14.0 \
+            -DCMAKE_XCODE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVELOPMENT_TEAM=ggml
+          cmake --build . --config Release -j $(sysctl -n hw.logicalcpu) -- CODE_SIGNING_ALLOWED=NO
+          sudo cmake --install . --config Release
+
+      - name: xcodebuild for swift package
+        id: xcodebuild
+        run: |
+          xcodebuild -scheme llama-Package -destination 'generic/platform=iOS'
+
      - name: Build Xcode project
        run: xcodebuild -project examples/llama.swiftui/llama.swiftui.xcodeproj -scheme llama.swiftui -sdk iphoneos CODE_SIGNING_REQUIRED=NO CODE_SIGN_IDENTITY= -destination 'generic/platform=iOS' build

@@ -1131,23 +1193,6 @@ jobs:

          ./gradlew build --no-daemon

-#  freeBSD-latest:
-#    runs-on: macos-12
-#    steps:
-#    - name: Clone
-#      uses: actions/checkout@v4
-#
-#    - name: Build
-#      uses: cross-platform-actions/action@v0.19.0
-#      with:
-#        operating_system: freebsd
-#        version: '13.2'
-#        hypervisor: 'qemu'
-#        run: |
-#            sudo pkg update
-#            sudo pkg install -y gmake automake autoconf pkgconf llvm15 openblas
-#            gmake CC=/usr/local/bin/clang15 CXX=/usr/local/bin/clang++15 -j `sysctl -n hw.ncpu`
-
  release:
    if: ${{ ( github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' ) || github.event.inputs.create_release == 'true' }}

@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ jobs:
      # Setup nodejs (to be used for verifying bundled index.html)
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with:
-          node-version: 22
+          node-version: '22.11.0'

      - name: Verify bundled index.html
        id: verify_server_index_html
@@ -46,11 +46,9 @@ if (WIN32)
    add_compile_definitions(_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS)
 endif()

-if ("${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID}" STREQUAL "MSVC")
-    add_compile_options("$<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:C>:/source-charset:utf-8>")
-    add_compile_options("$<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>:/source-charset:utf-8>")
-    add_compile_options("$<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:C>:/execution-charset:utf-8>")
-    add_compile_options("$<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>:/execution-charset:utf-8>")
+if (MSVC)
+    add_compile_options("$<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:C>:/utf-8>")
+    add_compile_options("$<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>:/utf-8>")
 endif()

 #
@@ -31,6 +31,13 @@
    { "name": "sycl_f16", "hidden": true, "cacheVariables": { "GGML_SYCL_F16":    "ON" } },
    { "name": "vulkan",   "hidden": true, "cacheVariables": { "GGML_VULKAN":      "ON" } },

+    {
+        "name": "x64-windows-llvm", "hidden": true,
+        "cacheVariables": {
+            "CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE": "${sourceDir}/cmake/x64-windows-llvm.cmake"
+        }
+    },
+
    {
        "name": "arm64-windows-msvc", "hidden": true,
        "architecture": { "value": "arm64",    "strategy": "external" },
@@ -70,6 +77,11 @@
    { "name": "arm64-windows-msvc-release", "inherits": [ "base", "arm64-windows-msvc",  "reldbg" ] },
    { "name": "arm64-windows-msvc+static-release", "inherits": [ "base", "arm64-windows-msvc",  "reldbg", "static" ] },

+    { "name": "x64-windows-llvm-debug", "inherits": [ "base", "x64-windows-llvm", "debug" ] },
+    { "name": "x64-windows-llvm-release", "inherits": [ "base", "x64-windows-llvm", "release" ] },
+    { "name": "x64-windows-llvm-reldbg", "inherits": [ "base", "x64-windows-llvm", "reldbg" ] },
+    { "name": "x64-windows-llvm+static-release", "inherits": [ "base", "x64-windows-llvm", "reldbg", "static" ] },
+
    { "name": "x64-windows-msvc-debug", "inherits": [ "base", "debug" ] },
    { "name": "x64-windows-msvc-release", "inherits": [ "base", "reldbg" ] },
    { "name": "x64-windows-msvc+static-release", "inherits": [ "base", "reldbg", "static" ] },
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
 # collaborators can optionally add themselves here to indicate their availability for reviewing related PRs

-ci/ @ggerganov
+/ci/ @ggerganov
+/.devops/ @ngxson
+/examples/server/ @ngxson
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ BUILD_TARGETS = \
 	llama-infill \
 	llama-llava-cli \
 	llama-minicpmv-cli\
+	llama-qwen2vl-cli\
 	llama-lookahead \
 	llama-lookup \
 	llama-lookup-create \
@@ -1404,6 +1405,14 @@ llama-minicpmv-cli: examples/llava/minicpmv-cli.cpp \
 	$(OBJ_ALL)
 	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $< $(filter-out %.h $<,$^) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS) -Wno-cast-qual

+llama-qwen2vl-cli: examples/llava/qwen2vl-cli.cpp \
+	examples/llava/llava.cpp \
+	examples/llava/llava.h \
+	examples/llava/clip.cpp \
+	examples/llava/clip.h \
+	$(OBJ_ALL)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $< $(filter-out %.h $<,$^) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS) -Wno-cast-qual
+
 ifeq ($(UNAME_S),Darwin)
 swift: examples/batched.swift
 	(cd examples/batched.swift; make build)
@@ -2,60 +2,6 @@

 import PackageDescription

-var sources = [
-    "src/llama.cpp",
-    "src/llama-vocab.cpp",
-    "src/llama-grammar.cpp",
-    "src/llama-sampling.cpp",
-    "src/unicode.cpp",
-    "src/unicode-data.cpp",
-    "ggml/src/ggml.c",
-    "ggml/src/ggml-alloc.c",
-    "ggml/src/ggml-backend.cpp",
-    "ggml/src/ggml-backend-reg.cpp",
-    "ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu.c",
-    "ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu.cpp",
-    "ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu-aarch64.cpp",
-    "ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu-hbm.cpp",
-    "ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu-quants.c",
-    "ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu-traits.cpp",
-    "ggml/src/ggml-threading.cpp",
-    "ggml/src/ggml-quants.c",
-]
-
-var resources: [Resource] = []
-var linkerSettings: [LinkerSetting] = []
-var cSettings: [CSetting] =  [
-    .unsafeFlags(["-Wno-shorten-64-to-32", "-O3", "-DNDEBUG"]),
-    .unsafeFlags(["-fno-objc-arc"]),
-    .headerSearchPath("ggml/src"),
-    .headerSearchPath("ggml/src/ggml-cpu"),
-    // NOTE: NEW_LAPACK will required iOS version 16.4+
-    // We should consider add this in the future when we drop support for iOS 14
-    // (ref: ref: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/accelerate/1513264-cblas_sgemm?language=objc)
-    // .define("ACCELERATE_NEW_LAPACK"),
-    // .define("ACCELERATE_LAPACK_ILP64")
-    .define("GGML_USE_CPU"),
-]
-
-
-#if canImport(Darwin)
-sources.append("ggml/src/ggml-common.h")
-sources.append("ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal.m")
-resources.append(.process("ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal.metal"))
-linkerSettings.append(.linkedFramework("Accelerate"))
-cSettings.append(
-    contentsOf: [
-        .define("GGML_USE_ACCELERATE"),
-        .define("GGML_USE_METAL"),
-    ]
-)
-#endif
-
-#if os(Linux)
-    cSettings.append(.define("_GNU_SOURCE"))
-#endif
-
 let package = Package(
    name: "llama",
    platforms: [
@@ -68,26 +14,6 @@ let package = Package(
        .library(name: "llama", targets: ["llama"]),
    ],
    targets: [
-        .target(
-            name: "llama",
-            path: ".",
-            exclude: [
-               "build",
-               "cmake",
-               "examples",
-               "scripts",
-               "models",
-               "tests",
-               "CMakeLists.txt",
-               "Makefile",
-               "ggml/src/ggml-metal-embed.metal"
-            ],
-            sources: sources,
-            resources: resources,
-            publicHeadersPath: "spm-headers",
-            cSettings: cSettings,
-            linkerSettings: linkerSettings
-        )
-    ],
-    cxxLanguageStandard: .cxx17
+        .systemLibrary(name: "llama", pkgConfig: "llama"),
+    ]
 )
@@ -98,6 +98,7 @@ Instructions for adding support for new models: [HOWTO-add-model.md](docs/develo
 - [x] [Jais](https://huggingface.co/inceptionai/jais-13b-chat)
 - [x] [Bielik-11B-v2.3](https://huggingface.co/collections/speakleash/bielik-11b-v23-66ee813238d9b526a072408a)
 - [x] [RWKV-6](https://github.com/BlinkDL/RWKV-LM)
+- [x] [GigaChat-20B-A3B](https://huggingface.co/ai-sage/GigaChat-20B-A3B-instruct)

 #### Multimodal

@@ -110,6 +111,7 @@ Instructions for adding support for new models: [HOWTO-add-model.md](docs/develo
 - [x] [Mini CPM](https://huggingface.co/models?search=MiniCPM)
 - [x] [Moondream](https://huggingface.co/vikhyatk/moondream2)
 - [x] [Bunny](https://github.com/BAAI-DCAI/Bunny)
+- [x] [Qwen2-VL](https://huggingface.co/collections/Qwen/qwen2-vl-66cee7455501d7126940800d)

 </details>

@@ -219,7 +221,7 @@ Instructions for adding support for new models: [HOWTO-add-model.md](docs/develo
 | [SYCL](docs/backend/SYCL.md) | Intel and Nvidia GPU |
 | [MUSA](docs/build.md#musa) | Moore Threads MTT GPU |
 | [CUDA](docs/build.md#cuda) | Nvidia GPU |
-| [hipBLAS](docs/build.md#hipblas) | AMD GPU |
+| [HIP](docs/build.md#hip) | AMD GPU |
 | [Vulkan](docs/build.md#vulkan) | GPU |
 | [CANN](docs/build.md#cann) | Ascend NPU |

@@ -412,7 +414,7 @@ To learn more about model quantization, [read this documentation](examples/quant
 [^1]: [examples/perplexity/README.md](examples/perplexity/README.md)
 [^2]: [https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/perplexity](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/perplexity)

-## [`llama-bench`](example/bench)
+## [`llama-bench`](examples/llama-bench)

 #### Benchmark the performance of the inference for various parameters.

@@ -433,6 +435,20 @@ To learn more about model quantization, [read this documentation](examples/quant

    </details>

+## [`llama-run`](examples/run)
+
+#### A comprehensive example for running `llama.cpp` models. Useful for inferencing. Used with RamaLama [^3].
+
+- <details>
+    <summary>Run a model with a specific prompt (by default it's pulled from Ollama registry)</summary>
+
+    ```bash
+    llama-run granite-code
+    ```
+
+    </details>
+
+[^3]: [RamaLama](https://github.com/containers/ramalama)

 ## [`llama-simple`](examples/simple)

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <llama.h>
+
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+module llama [system] {
+    header "llama.h"
+    link "llama"
+    export *
+}
@@ -6,5 +6,5 @@ includedir=${prefix}/include
 Name: llama
 Description: Port of Facebook's LLaMA model in C/C++
 Version: @PROJECT_VERSION@
-Libs: -L${libdir} -lllama
+Libs: -L${libdir} -lggml  -lggml-base -lllama
 Cflags: -I${includedir}
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+set( CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Windows )
+set( CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR x86_64 )
+
+set( CMAKE_C_COMPILER    clang )
+set( CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER  clang++ )
+
+set( arch_c_flags "-march=native" )
+
+set( CMAKE_C_FLAGS_INIT   "${arch_c_flags}" )
+set( CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_INIT "${arch_c_flags}" )
+
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ set(LLAMA_COMMON_EXTRA_LIBS build_info)
 # Use curl to download model url
 if (LLAMA_CURL)
    find_package(CURL REQUIRED)
-    add_definitions(-DLLAMA_USE_CURL)
+    target_compile_definitions(${TARGET} PUBLIC LLAMA_USE_CURL)
    include_directories(${CURL_INCLUDE_DIRS})
    find_library(CURL_LIBRARY curl REQUIRED)
    set(LLAMA_COMMON_EXTRA_LIBS ${LLAMA_COMMON_EXTRA_LIBS} ${CURL_LIBRARY})
@@ -119,32 +119,65 @@ std::string common_arg::to_string() {
 // utils
 //

-static void common_params_handle_model_default(common_params & params) {
-    if (!params.hf_repo.empty()) {
+static void common_params_handle_model_default(
+        std::string & model,
+        std::string & model_url,
+        std::string & hf_repo,
+        std::string & hf_file) {
+    if (!hf_repo.empty()) {
        // short-hand to avoid specifying --hf-file -> default it to --model
-        if (params.hf_file.empty()) {
-            if (params.model.empty()) {
+        if (hf_file.empty()) {
+            if (model.empty()) {
                throw std::invalid_argument("error: --hf-repo requires either --hf-file or --model\n");
            }
-            params.hf_file = params.model;
-        } else if (params.model.empty()) {
+            hf_file = model;
+        } else if (model.empty()) {
            // this is to avoid different repo having same file name, or same file name in different subdirs
-            std::string filename = params.hf_repo + "_" + params.hf_file;
+            std::string filename = hf_repo + "_" + hf_file;
            // to make sure we don't have any slashes in the filename
            string_replace_all(filename, "/", "_");
-            params.model = fs_get_cache_file(filename);
+            model = fs_get_cache_file(filename);
        }
-    } else if (!params.model_url.empty()) {
-        if (params.model.empty()) {
-            auto f = string_split<std::string>(params.model_url, '#').front();
+    } else if (!model_url.empty()) {
+        if (model.empty()) {
+            auto f = string_split<std::string>(model_url, '#').front();
            f = string_split<std::string>(f, '?').front();
-            params.model = fs_get_cache_file(string_split<std::string>(f, '/').back());
+            model = fs_get_cache_file(string_split<std::string>(f, '/').back());
        }
-    } else if (params.model.empty()) {
-        params.model = DEFAULT_MODEL_PATH;
+    } else if (model.empty()) {
+        model = DEFAULT_MODEL_PATH;
    }
 }

+const std::vector<ggml_type> kv_cache_types = {
+    GGML_TYPE_F32,
+    GGML_TYPE_F16,
+    GGML_TYPE_BF16,
+    GGML_TYPE_Q8_0,
+    GGML_TYPE_Q4_0,
+    GGML_TYPE_Q4_1,
+    GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL,
+    GGML_TYPE_Q5_0,
+    GGML_TYPE_Q5_1,
+};
+
+static ggml_type kv_cache_type_from_str(const std::string & s) {
+    for (const auto & type : kv_cache_types) {
+        if (ggml_type_name(type) == s) {
+            return type;
+        }
+    }
+    throw std::runtime_error("Unsupported cache type: " + s);
+}
+
+static std::string get_all_kv_cache_types() {
+    std::ostringstream msg;
+    for (const auto & type : kv_cache_types) {
+        msg << ggml_type_name(type) << (&type == &kv_cache_types.back() ? "" : ", ");
+    }
+    return msg.str();
+}
+
 //
 // CLI argument parsing functions
 //
@@ -247,7 +280,9 @@ static bool common_params_parse_ex(int argc, char ** argv, common_params_context
        throw std::invalid_argument("error: --prompt-cache-all not supported in interactive mode yet\n");
    }

-    common_params_handle_model_default(params);
+    // TODO: refactor model params in a common struct
+    common_params_handle_model_default(params.model,         params.model_url,         params.hf_repo,         params.hf_file);
+    common_params_handle_model_default(params.vocoder.model, params.vocoder.model_url, params.vocoder.hf_repo, params.vocoder.hf_file);

    if (params.escape) {
        string_process_escapes(params.prompt);
@@ -591,7 +626,7 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
        [](common_params & params) {
            params.ctx_shift = false;
        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_MAIN, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_NO_CONTEXT_SHIFT"));
+    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_MAIN, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_IMATRIX}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_NO_CONTEXT_SHIFT"));
    add_opt(common_arg(
        {"--chunks"}, "N",
        string_format("max number of chunks to process (default: %d, -1 = all)", params.n_chunks),
@@ -813,7 +848,7 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
        }
    ).set_sparam());
    add_opt(common_arg(
-        {"--sampling-seq"}, "SEQUENCE",
+        {"--sampling-seq", "--sampler-seq"}, "SEQUENCE",
        string_format("simplified sequence for samplers that will be used (default: %s)", sampler_type_chars.c_str()),
        [](common_params & params, const std::string & value) {
            params.sampling.samplers = common_sampler_types_from_chars(value);
@@ -826,13 +861,6 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
            params.sampling.ignore_eos = true;
        }
    ).set_sparam());
-    add_opt(common_arg(
-        {"--penalize-nl"},
-        string_format("penalize newline tokens (default: %s)", params.sampling.penalize_nl ? "true" : "false"),
-        [](common_params & params) {
-            params.sampling.penalize_nl = true;
-        }
-    ).set_sparam());
    add_opt(common_arg(
        {"--temp"}, "N",
        string_format("temperature (default: %.1f)", (double)params.sampling.temp),
@@ -887,6 +915,9 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
        {"--repeat-last-n"}, "N",
        string_format("last n tokens to consider for penalize (default: %d, 0 = disabled, -1 = ctx_size)", params.sampling.penalty_last_n),
        [](common_params & params, int value) {
+            if (value < -1) {
+                throw std::runtime_error(string_format("error: invalid repeat-last-n = %d\n", value));
+            }
            params.sampling.penalty_last_n = value;
            params.sampling.n_prev = std::max(params.sampling.n_prev, params.sampling.penalty_last_n);
        }
@@ -941,6 +972,9 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
        {"--dry-penalty-last-n"}, "N",
        string_format("set DRY penalty for the last n tokens (default: %d, 0 = disable, -1 = context size)", params.sampling.dry_penalty_last_n),
        [](common_params & params, int value) {
+            if (value < -1) {
+                throw std::runtime_error(string_format("error: invalid dry-penalty-last-n = %d\n", value));
+            }
            params.sampling.dry_penalty_last_n = value;
        }
    ).set_sparam());
@@ -1174,18 +1208,28 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
    ).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_NO_KV_OFFLOAD"));
    add_opt(common_arg(
        {"-ctk", "--cache-type-k"}, "TYPE",
-        string_format("KV cache data type for K (default: %s)", params.cache_type_k.c_str()),
+        string_format(
+            "KV cache data type for K\n"
+            "allowed values: %s\n"
+            "(default: %s)",
+            get_all_kv_cache_types().c_str(),
+            ggml_type_name(params.cache_type_k)
+        ),
        [](common_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            // TODO: get the type right here
-            params.cache_type_k = value;
+            params.cache_type_k = kv_cache_type_from_str(value);
        }
    ).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_CACHE_TYPE_K"));
    add_opt(common_arg(
        {"-ctv", "--cache-type-v"}, "TYPE",
-        string_format("KV cache data type for V (default: %s)", params.cache_type_v.c_str()),
+        string_format(
+            "KV cache data type for V\n"
+            "allowed values: %s\n"
+            "(default: %s)",
+            get_all_kv_cache_types().c_str(),
+            ggml_type_name(params.cache_type_v)
+        ),
        [](common_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            // TODO: get the type right here
-            params.cache_type_v = value;
+            params.cache_type_v = kv_cache_type_from_str(value);
        }
    ).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_CACHE_TYPE_V"));
    add_opt(common_arg(
@@ -1543,6 +1587,20 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
            params.hf_file = value;
        }
    ).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_HF_FILE"));
+    add_opt(common_arg(
+        {"-hfrv", "--hf-repo-v"}, "REPO",
+        "Hugging Face model repository for the vocoder model (default: unused)",
+        [](common_params & params, const std::string & value) {
+            params.vocoder.hf_repo = value;
+        }
+    ).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_HF_REPO_V"));
+    add_opt(common_arg(
+        {"-hffv", "--hf-file-v"}, "FILE",
+        "Hugging Face model file for the vocoder model (default: unused)",
+        [](common_params & params, const std::string & value) {
+            params.vocoder.hf_file = value;
+        }
+    ).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_HF_FILE_V"));
    add_opt(common_arg(
        {"-hft", "--hf-token"}, "TOKEN",
        "Hugging Face access token (default: value from HF_TOKEN environment variable)",
@@ -1711,6 +1769,13 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
            params.public_path = value;
        }
    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_STATIC_PATH"));
+    add_opt(common_arg(
+        {"--no-webui"},
+        string_format("Disable the Web UI (default: %s)", params.webui ? "enabled" : "disabled"),
+        [](common_params & params) {
+            params.webui = false;
+        }
+    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_NO_WEBUI"));
    add_opt(common_arg(
        {"--embedding", "--embeddings"},
        string_format("restrict to only support embedding use case; use only with dedicated embedding models (default: %s)", params.embedding ? "enabled" : "disabled"),
@@ -2076,35 +2141,35 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
        [](common_params & params, int value) {
            params.speculative.n_max = value;
        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_LOOKUP, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}));
+    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_LOOKUP, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_DRAFT_MAX"));
    add_opt(common_arg(
        {"--draft-min", "--draft-n-min"}, "N",
        string_format("minimum number of draft tokens to use for speculative decoding (default: %d)", params.speculative.n_min),
        [](common_params & params, int value) {
            params.speculative.n_min = value;
        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_LOOKUP, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}));
+    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_LOOKUP, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_DRAFT_MIN"));
    add_opt(common_arg(
        {"--draft-p-split"}, "P",
        string_format("speculative decoding split probability (default: %.1f)", (double)params.speculative.p_split),
        [](common_params & params, const std::string & value) {
            params.speculative.p_split = std::stof(value);
        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE}));
+    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_DRAFT_P_SPLIT"));
    add_opt(common_arg(
        {"--draft-p-min"}, "P",
        string_format("minimum speculative decoding probability (greedy) (default: %.1f)", (double)params.speculative.p_min),
        [](common_params & params, const std::string & value) {
            params.speculative.p_min = std::stof(value);
        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}));
+    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_DRAFT_P_MIN"));
    add_opt(common_arg(
        {"-cd", "--ctx-size-draft"}, "N",
        string_format("size of the prompt context for the draft model (default: %d, 0 = loaded from model)", params.speculative.n_ctx),
        [](common_params & params, int value) {
            params.speculative.n_ctx = value;
        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}));
+    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_CTX_SIZE_DRAFT"));
    add_opt(common_arg(
        {"-devd", "--device-draft"}, "<dev1,dev2,..>",
        "comma-separated list of devices to use for offloading the draft model (none = don't offload)\n"
@@ -2124,14 +2189,22 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
                fprintf(stderr, "warning: consult docs/build.md for compilation instructions\n");
            }
        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}));
+    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_N_GPU_LAYERS_DRAFT"));
    add_opt(common_arg(
        {"-md", "--model-draft"}, "FNAME",
        "draft model for speculative decoding (default: unused)",
        [](common_params & params, const std::string & value) {
            params.speculative.model = value;
        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}));
+    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_MODEL_DRAFT"));
+
+    add_opt(common_arg(
+        {"-mv", "--model-vocoder"}, "FNAME",
+        "vocoder model for audio generation (default: unused)",
+        [](common_params & params, const std::string & value) {
+            params.vocoder.model = value;
+        }
+    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_TTS, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}));

    return ctx_arg;
 }
@@ -940,6 +940,25 @@ struct common_init_result common_init_from_params(common_params & params) {
        params.sampling.ignore_eos = false;
    }

+    if (params.sampling.ignore_eos) {
+        for (llama_token i = 0; i < llama_n_vocab(model); i++) {
+            if (llama_token_is_eog(model, i)) {
+                LOG_INF("%s: added %s logit bias = %f\n", __func__, common_token_to_piece(lctx, i).c_str(), -INFINITY);
+                params.sampling.logit_bias.push_back({i, -INFINITY});
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (params.sampling.penalty_last_n == -1) {
+        LOG_INF("%s: setting penalty_last_n to ctx_size = %d\n", __func__, llama_n_ctx(lctx));
+        params.sampling.penalty_last_n = llama_n_ctx(lctx);
+    }
+
+    if (params.sampling.dry_penalty_last_n == -1) {
+        LOG_INF("%s: setting dry_penalty_last_n to ctx_size = %d\n", __func__, llama_n_ctx(lctx));
+        params.sampling.dry_penalty_last_n = llama_n_ctx(lctx);
+    }
+
    if (params.warmup) {
        LOG_WRN("%s: warming up the model with an empty run - please wait ... (--no-warmup to disable)\n", __func__);

@@ -1015,38 +1034,6 @@ struct llama_model_params common_model_params_to_llama(common_params & params) {
    return mparams;
 }

-static ggml_type kv_cache_type_from_str(const std::string & s) {
-    if (s == "f32") {
-        return GGML_TYPE_F32;
-    }
-    if (s == "f16") {
-        return GGML_TYPE_F16;
-    }
-    if (s == "bf16") {
-        return GGML_TYPE_BF16;
-    }
-    if (s == "q8_0") {
-        return GGML_TYPE_Q8_0;
-    }
-    if (s == "q4_0") {
-        return GGML_TYPE_Q4_0;
-    }
-    if (s == "q4_1") {
-        return GGML_TYPE_Q4_1;
-    }
-    if (s == "iq4_nl") {
-        return GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL;
-    }
-    if (s == "q5_0") {
-        return GGML_TYPE_Q5_0;
-    }
-    if (s == "q5_1") {
-        return GGML_TYPE_Q5_1;
-    }
-
-    throw std::runtime_error("Unsupported cache type: " + s);
-}
-
 struct llama_context_params common_context_params_to_llama(const common_params & params) {
    auto cparams = llama_context_default_params();

@@ -1081,8 +1068,8 @@ struct llama_context_params common_context_params_to_llama(const common_params &
        cparams.pooling_type  = LLAMA_POOLING_TYPE_RANK;
    }

-    cparams.type_k = kv_cache_type_from_str(params.cache_type_k);
-    cparams.type_v = kv_cache_type_from_str(params.cache_type_v);
+    cparams.type_k = params.cache_type_k;
+    cparams.type_v = params.cache_type_v;

    return cparams;
 }
@@ -1108,13 +1095,7 @@ struct ggml_threadpool_params ggml_threadpool_params_from_cpu_params(const cpu_p
 #define CURL_MAX_RETRY 3
 #define CURL_RETRY_DELAY_SECONDS 2

-
-static bool starts_with(const std::string & str, const std::string & prefix) {
-    // While we wait for C++20's std::string::starts_with...
-    return str.rfind(prefix, 0) == 0;
-}
-
-static bool curl_perform_with_retry(const std::string& url, CURL* curl, int max_attempts, int retry_delay_seconds) {
+static bool curl_perform_with_retry(const std::string & url, CURL * curl, int max_attempts, int retry_delay_seconds) {
    int remaining_attempts = max_attempts;

    while (remaining_attempts > 0) {
@@ -1138,7 +1119,6 @@ static bool curl_perform_with_retry(const std::string& url, CURL* curl, int max_
 }

 static bool common_download_file(const std::string & url, const std::string & path, const std::string & hf_token) {
-
    // Initialize libcurl
    std::unique_ptr<CURL, decltype(&curl_easy_cleanup)> curl(curl_easy_init(), &curl_easy_cleanup);
    if (!curl) {
@@ -1211,11 +1191,13 @@ static bool common_download_file(const std::string & url, const std::string & pa
        std::string etag;
        std::string last_modified;
    };
+
    common_load_model_from_url_headers headers;
+
    {
        typedef size_t(*CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION_PTR)(char *, size_t, size_t, void *);
        auto header_callback = [](char * buffer, size_t /*size*/, size_t n_items, void * userdata) -> size_t {
-            common_load_model_from_url_headers *headers = (common_load_model_from_url_headers *) userdata;
+            common_load_model_from_url_headers * headers = (common_load_model_from_url_headers *) userdata;

            static std::regex header_regex("([^:]+): (.*)\r\n");
            static std::regex etag_regex("ETag", std::regex_constants::icase);
@@ -1799,7 +1781,9 @@ void common_embd_normalize(const float * inp, float * out, int n, int embd_norm)
            break;
        case 0: // max absolute
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-                if (sum < std::abs(inp[i])) sum = std::abs(inp[i]);
+                if (sum < std::abs(inp[i])) {
+                    sum = std::abs(inp[i]);
+                }
            }
            sum /= 32760.0; // make an int16 range
            break;
@@ -37,9 +37,9 @@ using llama_tokens = std::vector<llama_token>;

 // build info
 extern int LLAMA_BUILD_NUMBER;
-extern char const * LLAMA_COMMIT;
-extern char const * LLAMA_COMPILER;
-extern char const * LLAMA_BUILD_TARGET;
+extern const char * LLAMA_COMMIT;
+extern const char * LLAMA_COMPILER;
+extern const char * LLAMA_BUILD_TARGET;

 struct common_control_vector_load_info;

@@ -80,6 +80,7 @@ enum llama_example {
    LLAMA_EXAMPLE_LLAVA,
    LLAMA_EXAMPLE_LOOKUP,
    LLAMA_EXAMPLE_PARALLEL,
+    LLAMA_EXAMPLE_TTS,

    LLAMA_EXAMPLE_COUNT,
 };
@@ -95,6 +96,7 @@ enum common_sampler_type {
    COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TEMPERATURE = 7,
    COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_XTC         = 8,
    COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_INFILL      = 9,
+    COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_PENALTIES   = 10,
 };

 // dimensionality reduction methods, used by cvector-generator
@@ -130,7 +132,6 @@ struct common_params_sampling {
    int32_t mirostat           = 0;     // 0 = disabled, 1 = mirostat, 2 = mirostat 2.0
    float   mirostat_tau       = 5.00f; // target entropy
    float   mirostat_eta       = 0.10f; // learning rate
-    bool    penalize_nl        = false; // consider newlines as a repeatable token
    bool    ignore_eos         = false;
    bool    no_perf            = false; // disable performance metrics
    bool    timing_per_token   = false;
@@ -139,6 +140,7 @@ struct common_params_sampling {


    std::vector<enum common_sampler_type> samplers = {
+        COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_PENALTIES,
        COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_DRY,
        COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TOP_K,
        COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TYPICAL_P,
@@ -158,6 +160,7 @@ struct common_params_sampling {

 struct common_params_speculative {
    std::vector<ggml_backend_dev_t> devices; // devices to use for offloading
+
    int32_t n_ctx        =     0; // draft context size
    int32_t n_max        =    16; // maximum number of tokens to draft during speculative decoding
    int32_t n_min        =     5; // minimum number of draft tokens to use for speculative decoding
@@ -171,6 +174,14 @@ struct common_params_speculative {
    std::string model = ""; // draft model for speculative decoding                          // NOLINT
 };

+struct common_params_vocoder {
+    std::string hf_repo = ""; // HF repo                                                     // NOLINT
+    std::string hf_file = ""; // HF file                                                     // NOLINT
+
+    std::string model     = ""; // model path                                                // NOLINT
+    std::string model_url = ""; // model url to download                                     // NOLINT
+};
+
 struct common_params {
    int32_t n_predict             =    -1; // new tokens to predict
    int32_t n_ctx                 =  4096; // context size
@@ -193,11 +204,13 @@ struct common_params {
    float   defrag_thold          =  0.1f; // KV cache defragmentation threshold

    // offload params
-    std::vector<ggml_backend_dev_t> devices;         // devices to use for offloading
-    int32_t n_gpu_layers                    =    -1; // number of layers to store in VRAM (-1 - use default)
-    int32_t main_gpu                        =     0; // the GPU that is used for scratch and small tensors
-    float   tensor_split[128]               =   {0}; // how split tensors should be distributed across GPUs
-    enum llama_split_mode        split_mode = LLAMA_SPLIT_MODE_LAYER; // how to split the model across GPUs
+    std::vector<ggml_backend_dev_t> devices; // devices to use for offloading
+
+    int32_t n_gpu_layers      = -1;  // number of layers to store in VRAM (-1 - use default)
+    int32_t main_gpu          = 0;   // the GPU that is used for scratch and small tensors
+    float   tensor_split[128] = {0}; // how split tensors should be distributed across GPUs
+
+    enum llama_split_mode split_mode = LLAMA_SPLIT_MODE_LAYER; // how to split the model across GPUs

    struct cpu_params cpuparams;
    struct cpu_params cpuparams_batch;
@@ -211,8 +224,9 @@ struct common_params {
    enum llama_pooling_type      pooling_type      = LLAMA_POOLING_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED; // pooling type for embeddings
    enum llama_attention_type    attention_type    = LLAMA_ATTENTION_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED; // attention type for embeddings

-    struct common_params_sampling sampling;
+    struct common_params_sampling    sampling;
    struct common_params_speculative speculative;
+    struct common_params_vocoder     vocoder;

    std::string model                = ""; // model path                                                    // NOLINT
    std::string model_alias          = ""; // model alias                                                   // NOLINT
@@ -286,8 +300,8 @@ struct common_params {
    bool warmup            = true;  // warmup run
    bool check_tensors     = false; // validate tensor data

-    std::string cache_type_k = "f16"; // KV cache data type for the K
-    std::string cache_type_v = "f16"; // KV cache data type for the V
+    ggml_type cache_type_k = GGML_TYPE_F16; // KV cache data type for the K
+    ggml_type cache_type_v = GGML_TYPE_F16; // KV cache data type for the V

    // multimodal models (see examples/llava)
    std::string mmproj = "";        // path to multimodal projector                                         // NOLINT
@@ -437,6 +451,11 @@ std::vector<std::string> string_split<std::string>(const std::string & input, ch
    return parts;
 }

+static bool string_starts_with(const std::string & str,
+                               const std::string & prefix) {  // While we wait for C++20's std::string::starts_with...
+    return str.rfind(prefix, 0) == 0;
+}
+
 bool string_parse_kv_override(const char * data, std::vector<llama_model_kv_override> & overrides);
 void string_process_escapes(std::string & input);

@@ -588,7 +607,8 @@ void common_kv_cache_dump_view_seqs(const llama_kv_cache_view & view, int row_si
 // Embedding utils
 //

-void common_embd_normalize(const float * inp, float * out, int n, int embd_norm = 2);
+// TODO: repace embd_norm with an enum
+void common_embd_normalize(const float * inp, float * out, int n, int embd_norm);

 float common_embd_similarity_cos(const float * embd1, const float * embd2, int n);

@@ -161,32 +161,20 @@ struct common_sampler * common_sampler_init(const struct llama_model * model, co
                params.logit_bias.size(),
                params.logit_bias.data()));

-    llama_sampler_chain_add(result->chain,
-            llama_sampler_init_penalties(
-                llama_n_vocab  (model),
-                llama_token_eos(model),
-                llama_token_nl (model),
-                params.penalty_last_n,
-                params.penalty_repeat,
-                params.penalty_freq,
-                params.penalty_present,
-                params.penalize_nl,
-                params.ignore_eos));
-
    if (params.mirostat == 0) {
        for (const auto & cnstr : params.samplers) {
            switch (cnstr) {
-                    case COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_DRY:
+                case COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_DRY:
                    {
-                        std::vector<const char*> c_breakers;
+                        std::vector<const char *> c_breakers;
                        c_breakers.reserve(params.dry_sequence_breakers.size());
-                        for (const auto& str : params.dry_sequence_breakers) {
+                        for (const auto & str : params.dry_sequence_breakers) {
                            c_breakers.push_back(str.c_str());
                        }

                        llama_sampler_chain_add(result->chain, llama_sampler_init_dry      (model, params.dry_multiplier, params.dry_base, params.dry_allowed_length, params.dry_penalty_last_n, c_breakers.data(), c_breakers.size()));
                    }
-                        break;
+                    break;
                case COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TOP_K:
                    llama_sampler_chain_add(result->chain, llama_sampler_init_top_k    (params.top_k));
                    break;
@@ -208,6 +196,9 @@ struct common_sampler * common_sampler_init(const struct llama_model * model, co
                case COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_INFILL:
                    llama_sampler_chain_add(result->chain, llama_sampler_init_infill   (model));
                    break;
+                case COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_PENALTIES:
+                    llama_sampler_chain_add(result->chain, llama_sampler_init_penalties(params.penalty_last_n, params.penalty_repeat, params.penalty_freq, params.penalty_present));
+                    break;
                default:
                    GGML_ASSERT(false && "unknown sampler type");
            }
@@ -415,6 +406,7 @@ char common_sampler_type_to_chr(enum common_sampler_type cnstr) {
        case COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TEMPERATURE: return 't';
        case COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_XTC:         return 'x';
        case COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_INFILL:      return 'i';
+        case COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_PENALTIES:   return 'e';
        default : return '?';
    }
 }
@@ -429,6 +421,7 @@ std::string common_sampler_type_to_str(enum common_sampler_type cnstr) {
        case COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TEMPERATURE: return "temperature";
        case COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_XTC:         return "xtc";
        case COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_INFILL:      return "infill";
+        case COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_PENALTIES:   return "penalties";
        default : return "";
    }
 }
@@ -443,6 +436,7 @@ std::vector<common_sampler_type> common_sampler_types_from_names(const std::vect
        { "temperature", COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TEMPERATURE },
        { "xtc",         COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_XTC },
        { "infill",      COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_INFILL },
+        { "penalties",   COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_PENALTIES },
    };

    // since samplers names are written multiple ways
@@ -489,6 +483,7 @@ std::vector<common_sampler_type> common_sampler_types_from_chars(const std::stri
        { common_sampler_type_to_chr(COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TEMPERATURE), COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TEMPERATURE },
        { common_sampler_type_to_chr(COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_XTC),         COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_XTC },
        { common_sampler_type_to_chr(COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_INFILL),      COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_INFILL },
+        { common_sampler_type_to_chr(COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_PENALTIES),   COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_PENALTIES },
    };

    std::vector<common_sampler_type> samplers;
@@ -221,17 +221,17 @@ class Model:
            self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(n_ctx)
            logger.info(f"gguf: context length = {n_ctx}")

-        n_embd = self.find_hparam(["hidden_size", "n_embd"])
-        self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(n_embd)
-        logger.info(f"gguf: embedding length = {n_embd}")
+        if (n_embd := self.find_hparam(["hidden_size", "n_embd"], optional=True)) is not None:
+            self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(n_embd)
+            logger.info(f"gguf: embedding length = {n_embd}")

        if (n_ff := self.find_hparam(["intermediate_size", "n_inner"], optional=True)) is not None:
            self.gguf_writer.add_feed_forward_length(n_ff)
            logger.info(f"gguf: feed forward length = {n_ff}")

-        n_head = self.find_hparam(["num_attention_heads", "n_head"])
-        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count(n_head)
-        logger.info(f"gguf: head count = {n_head}")
+        if (n_head := self.find_hparam(["num_attention_heads", "n_head"], optional=True)) is not None:
+            self.gguf_writer.add_head_count(n_head)
+            logger.info(f"gguf: head count = {n_head}")

        if (n_head_kv := self.hparams.get("num_key_value_heads")) is not None:
            self.gguf_writer.add_head_count_kv(n_head_kv)
@@ -296,7 +296,9 @@ class Model:
                    break

            for new_name, data_torch in (self.modify_tensors(data_torch, name, bid)):
-                data = data_torch.squeeze().numpy()
+                # TODO: why do we squeeze here?
+                # data = data_torch.squeeze().numpy()
+                data = data_torch.numpy()

                # if data ends up empty, it means data_torch was a scalar tensor -> restore
                if len(data.shape) == 0:
@@ -324,6 +326,8 @@ class Model:
                            gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.TIME_MIX_W2,
                            gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.TIME_MIX_DECAY_W1,
                            gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.TIME_MIX_DECAY_W2,
+                            gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.POSNET_NORM1,
+                            gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.POSNET_NORM2,
                        )
                    )
                    or not new_name.endswith(".weight")
@@ -664,6 +668,9 @@ class Model:
        if chkhsh == "8b5a93ed704057481f240da0be7e7dca721d7f8f4755263b6807227a2cbeae65":
            # ref: https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/stsb-roberta-base
            res = "roberta-bpe"
+        if chkhsh == "ad851be1dba641f2e3711822f816db2c265f788b37c63b4e1aeacb9ee92de8eb":
+            # ref: https://huggingface.co/ai-sage/GigaChat-20B-A3B-instruct
+            res = "gigachat"

        if res is None:
            logger.warning("\n")
@@ -686,6 +693,9 @@ class Model:
        return res
        # Marker: End get_vocab_base_pre

+    def _set_vocab_none(self) -> None:
+        self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_model("none")
+
    def _set_vocab_gpt2(self) -> None:
        tokens, toktypes, tokpre = self.get_vocab_base()
        self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_model("gpt2")
@@ -1992,6 +2002,75 @@ class Qwen2Model(Model):
        except FileNotFoundError:
            self._set_vocab_gpt2()

+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        super().set_gguf_parameters()
+        if self.hparams.get("rope_scaling") is not None and "factor" in self.hparams["rope_scaling"]:
+            if self.hparams["rope_scaling"].get("type") == "yarn":
+                self.gguf_writer.add_rope_scaling_type(gguf.RopeScalingType.YARN)
+                self.gguf_writer.add_rope_scaling_factor(self.hparams["rope_scaling"]["factor"])
+                self.gguf_writer.add_rope_scaling_orig_ctx_len(self.hparams["rope_scaling"]["original_max_position_embeddings"])
+
+
+@Model.register("Qwen2VLForConditionalGeneration")
+class Qwen2VLModel(Model):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.QWEN2VL
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        super().set_gguf_parameters()
+        mrope_section = self.hparams["rope_scaling"]["mrope_section"]
+        mrope_section += [0] * max(0, 4 - len(mrope_section))
+        self.gguf_writer.add_rope_dimension_sections(mrope_section)
+
+    def set_vocab(self):
+        try:
+            self._set_vocab_sentencepiece()
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            self._set_vocab_gpt2()
+
+    def get_tensors(self) -> Iterator[tuple[str, Tensor]]:
+        for name, data in super().get_tensors():
+            if name.startswith("visual."):
+                continue
+            yield name, data
+
+
+@Model.register("WavTokenizerDec")
+class WavTokenizerDecModel(Model):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.WAVTOKENIZER_DEC
+
+    def modify_tensors(self, data_torch: Tensor, name: str, bid: int | None) -> Iterable[tuple[str, Tensor]]:
+        del bid  # unused
+
+        if \
+                name.endswith("codebook.cluster_size") or \
+                name.endswith("codebook.embed_avg") or \
+                name.endswith("codebook.inited"):
+            logger.debug(f"Skipping {name!r}")
+            return []
+
+        logger.info(f"{self.map_tensor_name(name)} -> {data_torch.shape}")
+
+        return [(self.map_tensor_name(name), data_torch)]
+
+    def set_vocab(self):
+        self._set_vocab_none()
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        super().set_gguf_parameters()
+        self.gguf_writer.add_vocab_size         (self.hparams["vocab_size"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_features_length    (self.hparams["n_embd_features"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_feed_forward_length(self.hparams["n_ff"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_group_norm_eps     (self.hparams["group_norm_epsilon"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_group_norm_groups  (self.hparams["group_norm_groups"])
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_posnet_embedding_length(self.hparams["posnet"]["n_embd"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_posnet_block_count     (self.hparams["posnet"]["n_layer"])
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_convnext_embedding_length(self.hparams["convnext"]["n_embd"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_convnext_block_count     (self.hparams["convnext"]["n_layer"])
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_causal_attention(False)
+

@Model.register("Qwen2MoeForCausalLM")
 class Qwen2MoeModel(Model):
@@ -3396,6 +3475,97 @@ class ArcticModel(Model):
                raise ValueError(f"Unprocessed experts: {experts}")


+@Model.register("DeepseekForCausalLM")
+class DeepseekModel(Model):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.DEEPSEEK
+
+    def set_vocab(self):
+        try:
+            self._set_vocab_sentencepiece()
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            self._set_vocab_gpt2()
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        super().set_gguf_parameters()
+        hparams = self.hparams
+        if "head_dim" in hparams:
+            rope_dim = hparams["head_dim"]
+        else:
+            rope_dim = hparams["hidden_size"] // hparams["num_attention_heads"]
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_rope_dimension_count(rope_dim)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_rope_scaling_type(gguf.RopeScalingType.NONE)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_leading_dense_block_count(hparams["first_k_dense_replace"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_vocab_size(hparams["vocab_size"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_expert_feed_forward_length(hparams["moe_intermediate_size"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_expert_weights_scale(1.0)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_expert_count(hparams["n_routed_experts"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_expert_shared_count(hparams["n_shared_experts"])
+
+    _experts: list[dict[str, Tensor]] | None = None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def permute(weights: Tensor, n_head: int, n_head_kv: int | None):
+        if n_head_kv is not None and n_head != n_head_kv:
+            n_head = n_head_kv
+        return (weights.reshape(n_head, 2, weights.shape[0] // n_head // 2, *weights.shape[1:])
+                .swapaxes(1, 2)
+                .reshape(weights.shape))
+
+    def modify_tensors(self, data_torch: Tensor, name: str, bid: int | None) -> Iterable[tuple[str, Tensor]]:
+        n_head = self.hparams["num_attention_heads"]
+        n_kv_head = self.hparams.get("num_key_value_heads")
+
+        if name.endswith(("q_proj.weight", "q_proj.bias")):
+            data_torch = DeepseekModel.permute(data_torch, n_head, n_head)
+        if name.endswith(("k_proj.weight", "k_proj.bias")):
+            data_torch = DeepseekModel.permute(data_torch, n_head, n_kv_head)
+
+        # process the experts separately
+        if name.find("mlp.experts") != -1:
+            n_experts = self.hparams["n_routed_experts"]
+            assert bid is not None
+
+            if self._experts is None:
+                self._experts = [{} for _ in range(self.block_count)]
+
+            self._experts[bid][name] = data_torch
+
+            if len(self._experts[bid]) >= n_experts * 3:
+                tensors: list[tuple[str, Tensor]] = []
+
+                # merge the experts into a single 3d tensor
+                for w_name in ["down_proj", "gate_proj", "up_proj"]:
+                    datas: list[Tensor] = []
+
+                    for xid in range(n_experts):
+                        ename = f"model.layers.{bid}.mlp.experts.{xid}.{w_name}.weight"
+                        datas.append(self._experts[bid][ename])
+                        del self._experts[bid][ename]
+
+                    data_torch = torch.stack(datas, dim=0)
+
+                    merged_name = f"model.layers.{bid}.mlp.experts.{w_name}.weight"
+
+                    new_name = self.map_tensor_name(merged_name)
+
+                    tensors.append((new_name, data_torch))
+                return tensors
+            else:
+                return []
+
+        return [(self.map_tensor_name(name), data_torch)]
+
+    def prepare_tensors(self):
+        super().prepare_tensors()
+
+        if self._experts is not None:
+            # flatten `list[dict[str, Tensor]]` into `list[str]`
+            experts = [k for d in self._experts for k in d.keys()]
+            if len(experts) > 0:
+                raise ValueError(f"Unprocessed experts: {experts}")
+
+
@Model.register("DeepseekV2ForCausalLM")
 class DeepseekV2Model(Model):
    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.DEEPSEEK2
@@ -104,6 +104,7 @@ models = [
    {"name": "chameleon",      "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/facebook/chameleon-7b", },
    {"name": "minerva-7b",     "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/sapienzanlp/Minerva-7B-base-v1.0", },
    {"name": "roberta-bpe",    "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/stsb-roberta-base"},
+    {"name": "gigachat",       "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/ai-sage/GigaChat-20B-A3B-instruct"},
 ]


@@ -57,6 +57,13 @@ cmake --build build --config Release
    ```
    Building for arm64 can also be done with the MSVC compiler with the build-arm64-windows-MSVC preset, or the standard CMake build instructions. However, note that the MSVC compiler does not support inline ARM assembly code, used e.g. for the accelerated Q4_0_N_M CPU kernels.

+    For building with ninja generator and clang compiler as default:
+      -set path:set LIB=C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Lib\10.0.22621.0\um\x64;C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.41.34120\lib\x64\uwp;C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Lib\10.0.22621.0\ucrt\x64
+      ```bash
+      cmake --preset x64-windows-llvm-release
+      cmake --build build-x64-windows-llvm-release
+      ```
+
 ## BLAS Build

 Building the program with BLAS support may lead to some performance improvements in prompt processing using batch sizes higher than 32 (the default is 512). Using BLAS doesn't affect the generation performance. There are currently several different BLAS implementations available for build and use:
@@ -20,7 +20,12 @@ else()
    add_subdirectory(batched)
    add_subdirectory(embedding)
    add_subdirectory(eval-callback)
-    add_subdirectory(gbnf-validator)
+
+    if (NOT WIN32)
+        # disabled on Windows because it uses internal functions not exported with LLAMA_API
+        add_subdirectory(gbnf-validator)
+    endif()
+
    add_subdirectory(gguf-hash)
    add_subdirectory(gguf-split)
    add_subdirectory(gguf)
@@ -46,12 +51,17 @@ else()
    add_subdirectory(speculative)
    add_subdirectory(speculative-simple)
    add_subdirectory(tokenize)
+    add_subdirectory(tts)
+    add_subdirectory(gen-docs)
    if (NOT GGML_BACKEND_DL)
        # these examples use the backends directly and cannot be built with dynamic loading
        add_subdirectory(convert-llama2c-to-ggml)
        add_subdirectory(cvector-generator)
        add_subdirectory(export-lora)
-        add_subdirectory(quantize-stats)
+        if (NOT WIN32)
+            # disabled on Windows because it uses internal functions not exported with LLAMA_API
+            add_subdirectory(quantize-stats)
+        endif()
        add_subdirectory(llava)
        if (GGML_RPC)
            add_subdirectory(rpc)
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
    llama_context * ctx = llama_new_context_with_model(model, ctx_params);

    auto sparams = llama_sampler_chain_default_params();
+    sparams.no_perf = false;

    llama_sampler * smpl = llama_sampler_chain_init(sparams);

@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ struct split_strategy {
    }

    void print_info() {
-        printf("n_split: %ld\n", ctx_outs.size());
+        printf("n_split: %zu\n", ctx_outs.size());
        int i_split = 0;
        for (auto & ctx_out : ctx_outs) {
            // re-calculate the real gguf size for each split (= metadata size + total size of all tensors)
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ struct split_strategy {
                total_size += ggml_nbytes(t);
            }
            total_size = total_size / 1000 / 1000; // convert to megabytes
-            printf("split %05d: n_tensors = %d, total_size = %ldM\n", i_split + 1, gguf_get_n_tensors(ctx_out), total_size);
+            printf("split %05d: n_tensors = %d, total_size = %zuM\n", i_split + 1, gguf_get_n_tensors(ctx_out), total_size);
            i_split++;
        }
    }
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ static std::vector<std::vector<float>> encode(llama_context * ctx, const std::ve
        }

        std::vector<float> emb_norm(emb_unorm.size());
-        common_embd_normalize(emb_unorm.data(), emb_norm.data(), n_embd);
+        common_embd_normalize(emb_unorm.data(), emb_norm.data(), n_embd, 2);
        result.push_back(emb_norm);

 #ifdef GRIT_DEBUG
@@ -1521,7 +1521,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
    for (const auto & inst : params_instances) {
        params_idx++;
        if (params.progress) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "llama-bench: benchmark %d/%ld: starting\n", params_idx, params_count);
+            fprintf(stderr, "llama-bench: benchmark %d/%zu: starting\n", params_idx, params_count);
        }
        // keep the same model between tests when possible
        if (!lmodel || !prev_inst || !inst.equal_mparams(*prev_inst)) {
@@ -1573,14 +1573,14 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
        // warmup run
        if (t.n_prompt > 0) {
            if (params.progress) {
-                fprintf(stderr, "llama-bench: benchmark %d/%ld: warmup prompt run\n", params_idx, params_count);
+                fprintf(stderr, "llama-bench: benchmark %d/%zu: warmup prompt run\n", params_idx, params_count);
            }
            //test_prompt(ctx, std::min(t.n_batch, std::min(t.n_prompt, 32)), 0, t.n_batch, t.n_threads);
            test_prompt(ctx, t.n_prompt, t.n_batch, t.n_threads);
        }
        if (t.n_gen > 0) {
            if (params.progress) {
-                fprintf(stderr, "llama-bench: benchmark %d/%ld: warmup generation run\n", params_idx, params_count);
+                fprintf(stderr, "llama-bench: benchmark %d/%zu: warmup generation run\n", params_idx, params_count);
            }
            test_gen(ctx, 1, t.n_threads);
        }
@@ -1592,14 +1592,14 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {

            if (t.n_prompt > 0) {
                if (params.progress) {
-                    fprintf(stderr, "llama-bench: benchmark %d/%ld: prompt run %d/%d\n", params_idx, params_count,
+                    fprintf(stderr, "llama-bench: benchmark %d/%zu: prompt run %d/%d\n", params_idx, params_count,
                            i + 1, params.reps);
                }
                test_prompt(ctx, t.n_prompt, t.n_batch, t.n_threads);
            }
            if (t.n_gen > 0) {
                if (params.progress) {
-                    fprintf(stderr, "llama-bench: benchmark %d/%ld: generation run %d/%d\n", params_idx, params_count,
+                    fprintf(stderr, "llama-bench: benchmark %d/%zu: generation run %d/%d\n", params_idx, params_count,
                            i + 1, params.reps);
                }
                test_gen(ctx, t.n_gen, t.n_threads);
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ android {
        externalNativeBuild {
            cmake {
                arguments += "-DLLAMA_BUILD_COMMON=ON"
+                arguments += "-DGGML_LLAMAFILE=OFF"
                arguments += "-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release"
                cppFlags += listOf()
                arguments += listOf()
@@ -210,20 +210,20 @@ actor LlamaContext {

            llama_kv_cache_clear(context)

-            let t_pp_start = ggml_time_us()
+            let t_pp_start = DispatchTime.now().uptimeNanoseconds / 1000;

            if llama_decode(context, batch) != 0 {
                print("llama_decode() failed during prompt")
            }
            llama_synchronize(context)

-            let t_pp_end = ggml_time_us()
+            let t_pp_end = DispatchTime.now().uptimeNanoseconds / 1000;

            // bench text generation

            llama_kv_cache_clear(context)

-            let t_tg_start = ggml_time_us()
+            let t_tg_start = DispatchTime.now().uptimeNanoseconds / 1000;

            for i in 0..<tg {
                llama_batch_clear(&batch)
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ actor LlamaContext {
                llama_synchronize(context)
            }

-            let t_tg_end = ggml_time_us()
+            let t_tg_end = DispatchTime.now().uptimeNanoseconds / 1000;

            llama_kv_cache_clear(context)

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 	objects = {

 /* Begin PBXBuildFile section */
+		1809696D2D05A39F00400EE8 /* llama in Frameworks */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; productRef = 1809696C2D05A39F00400EE8 /* llama */; };
 		549479CB2AC9E16000E0F78B /* Metal.framework in Frameworks */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 549479CA2AC9E16000E0F78B /* Metal.framework */; };
 		79E1D9CD2B4CD16E005F8E46 /* InputButton.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 79E1D9CC2B4CD16E005F8E46 /* InputButton.swift */; };
 		7FA3D2B32B2EA2F600543F92 /* DownloadButton.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 7FA3D2B22B2EA2F600543F92 /* DownloadButton.swift */; };
@@ -17,7 +18,6 @@
 		8A3F84242AC4C891005E2EE8 /* models in Resources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 8A3F84232AC4C891005E2EE8 /* models */; };
 		8A907F332AC7138A006146EA /* LibLlama.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 8A907F322AC7134E006146EA /* LibLlama.swift */; };
 		8A9F7C4D2AC332EE008AE1EA /* LlamaState.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 8A9F7C4C2AC332EE008AE1EA /* LlamaState.swift */; };
-		DF810E132B4A5BA200301144 /* llama in Frameworks */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; productRef = DF810E122B4A5BA200301144 /* llama */; };
 		F1FE20E22B465ECA00B45541 /* LoadCustomButton.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = F1FE20E12B465EC900B45541 /* LoadCustomButton.swift */; };
 /* End PBXBuildFile section */

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
 			isa = PBXFrameworksBuildPhase;
 			buildActionMask = 2147483647;
 			files = (
-				DF810E132B4A5BA200301144 /* llama in Frameworks */,
+				1809696D2D05A39F00400EE8 /* llama in Frameworks */,
 				549479CB2AC9E16000E0F78B /* Metal.framework in Frameworks */,
 				8A39BE0A2AC7601100BFEB40 /* Accelerate.framework in Frameworks */,
 			);
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@
 			);
 			name = llama.swiftui;
 			packageProductDependencies = (
-				DF810E122B4A5BA200301144 /* llama */,
+				1809696C2D05A39F00400EE8 /* llama */,
 			);
 			productName = llama.swiftui;
 			productReference = 8A1C83732AC328BD0096AF73 /* llama.swiftui.app */;
@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@
 /* End XCConfigurationList section */

 /* Begin XCSwiftPackageProductDependency section */
-		DF810E122B4A5BA200301144 /* llama */ = {
+		1809696C2D05A39F00400EE8 /* llama */ = {
 			isa = XCSwiftPackageProductDependency;
 			productName = llama;
 		};
@@ -43,3 +43,10 @@ set_target_properties(${TARGET} PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME llama-minicpmv-cli)
 install(TARGETS ${TARGET} RUNTIME)
 target_link_libraries(${TARGET} PRIVATE common llava ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
 target_compile_features(${TARGET} PRIVATE cxx_std_17)
+
+set(TARGET llama-qwen2vl-cli)
+add_executable(${TARGET} qwen2vl-cli.cpp)
+set_target_properties(${TARGET} PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME llama-qwen2vl-cli)
+install(TARGETS ${TARGET} RUNTIME)
+target_link_libraries(${TARGET} PRIVATE common llava ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
+target_compile_features(${TARGET} PRIVATE cxx_std_17)
@@ -102,7 +102,9 @@ static std::string format(const char * fmt, ...) {
 #define KEY_HAS_LLAVA_PROJ      "clip.has_llava_projector"
 #define KEY_HAS_MINICPMV_PROJ   "clip.has_minicpmv_projector"
 #define KEY_MINICPMV_VERSION    "clip.minicpmv_version"
+#define KEY_HAS_QWEN2VL_MERGER  "clip.has_qwen2vl_merger"
 #define KEY_USE_GELU            "clip.use_gelu"
+#define KEY_USE_SILU            "clip.use_silu"
 #define KEY_N_EMBD              "clip.%s.embedding_length"
 #define KEY_N_FF                "clip.%s.feed_forward_length"
 #define KEY_N_BLOCK             "clip.%s.block_count"
@@ -129,7 +131,8 @@ static std::string format(const char * fmt, ...) {
 #define TN_TOKEN_EMBD      "%s.token_embd.weight"
 #define TN_POS_EMBD        "%s.position_embd.weight"
 #define TN_CLASS_EMBD      "v.class_embd"
-#define TN_PATCH_EMBD      "v.patch_embd.weight"
+#define TN_PATCH_EMBD      "v.patch_embd.weight"  // not rename tensor with ".0" postfix for backwrad compat
+#define TN_PATCH_EMBD_1    "v.patch_embd.weight.1"
 #define TN_PATCH_BIAS      "v.patch_embd.bias"
 #define TN_ATTN_K          "%s.blk.%d.attn_k.%s"
 #define TN_ATTN_Q          "%s.blk.%d.attn_q.%s"
@@ -163,6 +166,7 @@ enum projector_type {
    PROJECTOR_TYPE_LDP,
    PROJECTOR_TYPE_LDPV2,
    PROJECTOR_TYPE_RESAMPLER,
+    PROJECTOR_TYPE_MERGER,
    PROJECTOR_TYPE_UNKNOWN,
 };

@@ -171,6 +175,7 @@ static std::map<projector_type, std::string> PROJECTOR_TYPE_NAMES = {
    { PROJECTOR_TYPE_LDP, "ldp" },
    { PROJECTOR_TYPE_LDPV2, "ldpv2"},
    { PROJECTOR_TYPE_RESAMPLER, "resampler"},
+    { PROJECTOR_TYPE_MERGER, "qwen2vl_merger"},
 };


@@ -463,7 +468,8 @@ struct clip_vision_model {

    // embeddings
    struct ggml_tensor * class_embedding;
-    struct ggml_tensor * patch_embeddings;
+    struct ggml_tensor * patch_embeddings_0;
+    struct ggml_tensor * patch_embeddings_1;  // second Conv2D kernel when we decouple Conv3D along temproal dimension (Qwen2VL)
    struct ggml_tensor * patch_bias;
    struct ggml_tensor * position_embeddings;

@@ -553,6 +559,7 @@ struct clip_ctx {
    bool has_vision_encoder  = false;
    bool has_llava_projector = false;
    bool has_minicpmv_projector = false;
+    bool has_qwen2vl_merger = false;
    int minicpmv_version = 2;

    struct clip_vision_model vision_model;
@@ -561,6 +568,7 @@ struct clip_ctx {
    float image_mean[3];
    float image_std[3];
    bool use_gelu = false;
+    bool use_silu = false;
    int32_t ftype = 1;

    bool has_class_embedding = true;
@@ -606,14 +614,26 @@ static ggml_cgraph * clip_image_build_graph(clip_ctx * ctx, const clip_image_f32
            image_size_height = imgs->data->ny;
        }
    }
+    else if (ctx->has_qwen2vl_merger) {
+        // use the image's native resolution when image is avaible
+        if (is_inf) {
+        // if (imgs->data->nx && imgs->data->ny) {
+            image_size_width  = imgs->data->nx;
+            image_size_height = imgs->data->ny;
+        }
+    }
    const int patch_size           = hparams.patch_size;
    const int num_patches          = ((image_size_width / patch_size) * (image_size_height / patch_size));
+    const int patches_w            = image_size_width / patch_size;
+    const int patches_h            = image_size_height / patch_size;
    const int num_positions        = num_patches + (ctx->has_class_embedding ? 1 : 0);
+    const int num_position_ids     = ctx->has_qwen2vl_merger ? num_positions * 4 : num_positions;
    const int hidden_size          = hparams.hidden_size;
    const int n_head               = hparams.n_head;
    const int d_head               = hidden_size / n_head;
    int n_layer                    = hparams.n_layer;
    const float eps                = hparams.eps;
+    int mrope_sections[4] = {d_head/4, d_head/4, d_head/4, d_head/4};

    const int batch_size = imgs->size;

@@ -634,10 +654,30 @@ static ggml_cgraph * clip_image_build_graph(clip_ctx * ctx, const clip_image_f32
    ggml_set_name(inp_raw, "inp_raw");
    ggml_set_input(inp_raw);

-    struct ggml_tensor * inp = ggml_conv_2d(ctx0, model.patch_embeddings, inp_raw, patch_size, patch_size, 0, 0, 1, 1);
+    struct ggml_tensor * inp = ggml_conv_2d(ctx0, model.patch_embeddings_0, inp_raw, patch_size, patch_size, 0, 0, 1, 1);

-    inp = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, inp, num_patches, hidden_size, batch_size);
-    inp = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_permute(ctx0, inp, 1, 0, 2, 3));
+    if (ctx->has_qwen2vl_merger) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(image_size_width % (patch_size * 2) == 0);
+        GGML_ASSERT(image_size_height % (patch_size * 2) == 0);
+
+        auto inp_1 = ggml_conv_2d(ctx0, model.patch_embeddings_1, inp_raw, patch_size, patch_size, 0, 0, 1, 1);
+        inp = ggml_add(ctx0, inp, inp_1);
+        inp = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_permute(ctx0, inp, 1, 2, 0, 3));  // [w, h, c, b] -> [c, w, h, b]
+        inp = ggml_reshape_4d(
+            ctx0, inp,
+            hidden_size * 2, patches_w / 2, patches_h, batch_size);
+        inp = ggml_reshape_4d(
+            ctx0, inp,
+            hidden_size * 2, patches_w / 2, 2, batch_size * (patches_h / 2));
+        inp = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_permute(ctx0, inp, 0, 2, 1, 3));
+        inp = ggml_reshape_3d(
+            ctx0, inp,
+            hidden_size, patches_w * patches_h, batch_size);
+    }
+    else {
+        inp = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, inp, num_patches, hidden_size, batch_size);
+        inp = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_permute(ctx0, inp, 1, 0, 2, 3));
+    }

    if (ctx->has_patch_bias) {
        // inp = ggml_add(ctx0, inp, ggml_repeat(ctx0, model.patch_bias, inp));
@@ -659,12 +699,14 @@ static ggml_cgraph * clip_image_build_graph(clip_ctx * ctx, const clip_image_f32
        }
    }

-    struct ggml_tensor * positions = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_I32, num_positions);
+    struct ggml_tensor * positions = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_I32, num_position_ids);
    ggml_set_name(positions, "positions");
    ggml_set_input(positions);

-    embeddings =
-        ggml_add(ctx0, embeddings, ggml_get_rows(ctx0, model.position_embeddings, positions));
+    if (!ctx->has_qwen2vl_merger) { // qwen2vl use rope position embedding
+        embeddings =
+            ggml_add(ctx0, embeddings, ggml_get_rows(ctx0, model.position_embeddings, positions));
+    }

    if (ctx->has_minicpmv_projector) {
        int pos_w = image_size_width/patch_size;
@@ -688,7 +730,8 @@ static ggml_cgraph * clip_image_build_graph(clip_ctx * ctx, const clip_image_f32
    }

    // loop over layers
-    if (ctx->has_minicpmv_projector) {
+    if (ctx->has_minicpmv_projector || ctx->has_qwen2vl_merger) {
+        // TODO: figure out why we doing thing in this way ???
        n_layer += 1;
    }
    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer - 1; il++) {
@@ -710,8 +753,13 @@ static ggml_cgraph * clip_image_build_graph(clip_ctx * ctx, const clip_image_f32
            struct ggml_tensor * Q =
                ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.layers[il].q_w, cur), model.layers[il].q_b);

-            Q = ggml_scale_inplace(ctx0, Q, 1.0f / sqrt((float)d_head));
            Q = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, Q, d_head, n_head, num_positions, batch_size);
+            if (ctx->has_qwen2vl_merger) {
+                Q = ggml_rope_multi(
+                    ctx0, Q, positions, nullptr,
+                    d_head/2, mrope_sections, GGML_ROPE_TYPE_VISION, 32768, 10000, 1, 0, 1, 32, 1);
+            }
+            Q = ggml_scale_inplace(ctx0, Q, 1.0f / sqrt((float)d_head));
            Q = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_permute(ctx0, Q, 0, 2, 1, 3));
            Q = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Q, d_head, num_positions, n_head * batch_size);

@@ -719,6 +767,11 @@ static ggml_cgraph * clip_image_build_graph(clip_ctx * ctx, const clip_image_f32
                ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.layers[il].k_w, cur), model.layers[il].k_b);

            K = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, K, d_head, n_head, num_positions, batch_size);
+            if (ctx->has_qwen2vl_merger) {
+                K = ggml_rope_multi(
+                    ctx0, K, positions, nullptr,
+                    d_head/2, mrope_sections, GGML_ROPE_TYPE_VISION, 32768, 10000, 1, 0, 1, 32, 1);
+            }
            K = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_permute(ctx0, K, 0, 2, 1, 3));
            K = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, K, d_head, num_positions, n_head * batch_size);

@@ -758,6 +811,8 @@ static ggml_cgraph * clip_image_build_graph(clip_ctx * ctx, const clip_image_f32

        if (ctx->use_gelu) {
            cur = ggml_gelu_inplace(ctx0, cur);
+        } else if (ctx->use_silu) {
+            cur = ggml_silu_inplace(ctx0, cur);
        } else {
            cur = ggml_gelu_quick_inplace(ctx0, cur);
        }
@@ -769,6 +824,7 @@ static ggml_cgraph * clip_image_build_graph(clip_ctx * ctx, const clip_image_f32
        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, embeddings, cur);

        embeddings = cur;
+
    }

    // post-layernorm
@@ -840,7 +896,7 @@ static ggml_cgraph * clip_image_build_graph(clip_ctx * ctx, const clip_image_f32
                mlp_3 = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_permute(ctx0, mlp_3, 1, 0, 2, 3));
                mlp_3 = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, mlp_3, n_patch, n_patch, mlp_3->ne[1], mlp_3->ne[2]);
                // stride = 1, padding = 1, bias is nullptr
-                block_1 = ggml_conv_depthwise_2d(ctx0, model.mm_model_block_1_block_0_0_w, mlp_3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1);
+                block_1 = ggml_conv_2d_dw(ctx0, model.mm_model_block_1_block_0_0_w, mlp_3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1);

                // layer norm
                // // block_1 shape = [1, 2048, 24, 24], ne = [24, 24, 2048, 1]
@@ -888,7 +944,7 @@ static ggml_cgraph * clip_image_build_graph(clip_ctx * ctx, const clip_image_f32
            // block_2
            {
                // stride = 2
-                block_1 = ggml_conv_depthwise_2d(ctx0, model.mm_model_block_2_block_0_0_w, block_1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1);
+                block_1 = ggml_conv_2d_dw(ctx0, model.mm_model_block_2_block_0_0_w, block_1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1);

                // block_1 shape = [1, 2048, 12, 12], ne = [12, 12, 2048, 1]
                // layer norm
@@ -949,7 +1005,7 @@ static ggml_cgraph * clip_image_build_graph(clip_ctx * ctx, const clip_image_f32
            // mlp_2 ne [24, 24, 2048, 1]
            mlp_2 = ggml_pool_2d(ctx0, mlp_2, GGML_OP_POOL_AVG, 2, 2, 2, 2, 0, 0);
            // weight ne = [3, 3, 2048, 1]
-            struct ggml_tensor * peg_0 = ggml_conv_depthwise_2d(ctx0, model.mm_model_peg_0_w, mlp_2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1);
+            struct ggml_tensor * peg_0 = ggml_conv_2d_dw(ctx0, model.mm_model_peg_0_w, mlp_2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1);
            peg_0 = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_permute(ctx0, peg_0, 1, 2, 0, 3));
            peg_0 = ggml_add(ctx0, peg_0, model.mm_model_peg_0_b);
            mlp_2 = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_permute(ctx0, mlp_2, 1, 2, 0, 3));
@@ -1030,6 +1086,19 @@ static ggml_cgraph * clip_image_build_graph(clip_ctx * ctx, const clip_image_f32
            GGML_ASSERT(false);
        }
    }
+    else if (ctx->proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_MERGER) {
+        embeddings = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, embeddings, hidden_size * 4, num_positions / 4, batch_size);
+
+        embeddings = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.mm_0_w, embeddings);
+        embeddings = ggml_add(ctx0, embeddings, model.mm_0_b);
+
+        // GELU activation
+        embeddings = ggml_gelu(ctx0, embeddings);
+
+        // Second linear layer
+        embeddings = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.mm_1_w, embeddings);
+        embeddings = ggml_add(ctx0, embeddings, model.mm_1_b);
+    }

    // build the graph
    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, embeddings);
@@ -1206,6 +1275,10 @@ struct clip_ctx * clip_model_load(const char * fname, const int verbosity = 1) {
            new_clip->minicpmv_version = gguf_get_val_i32(ctx, idx);
        }

+        idx = gguf_find_key(ctx, KEY_HAS_QWEN2VL_MERGER);
+        if (idx != -1) {
+            new_clip->has_qwen2vl_merger = gguf_get_val_bool(ctx, idx);
+        }
        // GGML_ASSERT(new_clip->has_llava_projector); // see monatis/clip.cpp for image and/or text encoding for semantic search

        GGML_ASSERT(new_clip->has_vision_encoder);
@@ -1214,6 +1287,13 @@ struct clip_ctx * clip_model_load(const char * fname, const int verbosity = 1) {
        idx = get_key_idx(ctx, KEY_USE_GELU);
        new_clip->use_gelu = gguf_get_val_bool(ctx, idx);

+        try {
+            idx = get_key_idx(ctx, KEY_USE_SILU);
+            new_clip->use_silu = gguf_get_val_bool(ctx, idx);
+        } catch (std::runtime_error & /*e*/) {
+            new_clip->use_silu = false;
+        }
+
        if (verbosity >= 1) {
            LOG_INF("%s: text_encoder:   %d\n", __func__, new_clip->has_text_encoder);
            LOG_INF("%s: vision_encoder: %d\n", __func__, new_clip->has_vision_encoder);
@@ -1389,11 +1469,16 @@ struct clip_ctx * clip_model_load(const char * fname, const int verbosity = 1) {
        }

        try {
-            vision_model.patch_embeddings    = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, TN_PATCH_EMBD);
+            vision_model.patch_embeddings_0    = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, TN_PATCH_EMBD);
            vision_model.position_embeddings = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_POS_EMBD, "v"));
        } catch(const std::exception& /*e*/) {
            LOG_ERR("%s: failed to load vision model tensors\n", __func__);
        }
+        try {
+            vision_model.patch_embeddings_1    = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, TN_PATCH_EMBD_1);
+        } catch(const std::exception& /*e*/) {
+            new_clip->has_qwen2vl_merger = false;
+        }

        // LLaVA projection
        if (new_clip->proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_MLP || new_clip->proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_MLP_NORM) {
@@ -1481,6 +1566,12 @@ struct clip_ctx * clip_model_load(const char * fname, const int verbosity = 1) {
            vision_model.mm_model_ln_post_w = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_MINICPMV_LN, "post", "weight"));
            vision_model.mm_model_ln_post_b = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_MINICPMV_LN, "post", "bias"));
        }
+        else if (new_clip->proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_MERGER) {
+            vision_model.mm_0_w = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_LLAVA_PROJ, 0, "weight"));
+            vision_model.mm_0_b = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_LLAVA_PROJ, 0, "bias"));
+            vision_model.mm_1_w = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_LLAVA_PROJ, 2, "weight"));
+            vision_model.mm_1_b = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_LLAVA_PROJ, 2, "bias"));
+        }
        else {
            std::string proj_type = PROJECTOR_TYPE_NAMES[new_clip->proj_type];
            throw std::runtime_error(format("%s: don't support projector with: %s currently\n", __func__, proj_type.c_str()));
@@ -1519,6 +1610,7 @@ struct clip_ctx * clip_model_load(const char * fname, const int verbosity = 1) {
        new_clip->compute_alloc = ggml_gallocr_new(ggml_backend_get_default_buffer_type(new_clip->backend));
        clip_image_f32_batch batch;
        batch.size = 1;
+        batch.data = nullptr;
        ggml_cgraph * gf = clip_image_build_graph(new_clip, &batch, nullptr, false);
        ggml_gallocr_reserve(new_clip->compute_alloc, gf);
        size_t compute_memory_buffer_size = ggml_gallocr_get_buffer_size(new_clip->compute_alloc, 0);
@@ -1532,6 +1624,10 @@ void clip_add_load_image_size(struct clip_ctx * ctx_clip, struct clip_image_size
    ctx_clip->load_image_size = load_image_size;
 }

+struct clip_image_size * clip_get_load_image_size(struct clip_ctx * ctx_clip) {
+    return ctx_clip->load_image_size;
+}
+
 struct clip_image_size * clip_image_size_init() {
    struct clip_image_size * load_image_size = new struct clip_image_size();
    load_image_size->width = 448;
@@ -1984,6 +2080,23 @@ bool clip_image_preprocess(struct clip_ctx * ctx, const clip_image_u8 * img, cli
        }
        return true;
    }
+    else if (ctx->has_qwen2vl_merger) {
+        clip_image_u8 * resized = clip_image_u8_init();
+        auto patch_size = clip_patch_size(ctx) * 2;
+        int nx = ceil((float)img->nx / patch_size) * patch_size;
+        int ny = ceil((float)img->ny / patch_size) * patch_size;
+        bicubic_resize(*img, *resized, nx, ny);
+
+        res_imgs->data = new clip_image_f32[1];
+        // clip_image_f32 * res = clip_image_f32_init();
+        normalize_image_u8_to_f32(resized, res_imgs->data, ctx->image_mean, ctx->image_std);
+        // res_imgs->data[0] = *res;
+        res_imgs->size = 1;
+
+        // clip_image_f32_free(res);
+        clip_image_u8_free(resized);
+        return true;
+    }

    bool pad_to_square = true;
    if (!ctx->has_vision_encoder) {
@@ -2173,6 +2286,13 @@ size_t clip_embd_nbytes(const struct clip_ctx * ctx) {
    return clip_n_patches(ctx) * clip_n_mmproj_embd(ctx) * sizeof(float);
 }

+size_t clip_embd_nbytes_by_img(const struct clip_ctx * ctx, int img_h, int img_w) {
+    clip_image_f32 img;
+    img.nx = img_w;
+    img.ny = img_h;
+    return clip_n_patches_by_img(ctx, &img) * clip_n_mmproj_embd(ctx) * sizeof(float);
+}
+
 int32_t clip_image_size(const struct clip_ctx * ctx) {
    return ctx->vision_model.hparams.image_size;
 }
@@ -2194,6 +2314,13 @@ const int32_t * clip_image_grid(const struct clip_ctx * ctx) {
 }

 int clip_n_patches(const struct clip_ctx * ctx) {
+    clip_image_f32 img;
+    img.nx = ctx->vision_model.hparams.image_size;
+    img.ny = ctx->vision_model.hparams.image_size;
+    return clip_n_patches_by_img(ctx, &img);
+}
+
+int clip_n_patches_by_img(const struct clip_ctx * ctx, struct clip_image_f32 * img) {
    const auto & params = ctx->vision_model.hparams;

    int n_patches = (params.image_size / params.patch_size) * (params.image_size / params.patch_size);
@@ -2207,6 +2334,11 @@ int clip_n_patches(const struct clip_ctx * ctx) {
        else if (ctx->minicpmv_version == 3) {
            n_patches = 64;
        }
+    } else if (ctx->proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_MERGER) {
+        int patch_size = params.patch_size * 2;
+        int x_patch = img->nx / patch_size + (int)(img->nx % patch_size > 0);
+        int y_patch = img->ny / patch_size + (int)(img->ny % patch_size > 0);
+        n_patches = x_patch * y_patch;
    }

    return n_patches;
@@ -2335,7 +2467,7 @@ bool clip_image_batch_encode(clip_ctx * ctx, const int n_threads, const clip_ima
    const int image_size = hparams.image_size;
    int image_size_width  = image_size;
    int image_size_height = image_size;
-    if (ctx->has_minicpmv_projector) {
+    if (ctx->has_minicpmv_projector | ctx->has_qwen2vl_merger) {
        image_size_width  = imgs->data[0].nx;
        image_size_height = imgs->data[0].ny;
    }
@@ -2355,7 +2487,7 @@ bool clip_image_batch_encode(clip_ctx * ctx, const int n_threads, const clip_ima
        for (size_t i = 0; i < imgs->size; i++) {
            const int nx = imgs->data[i].nx;
            const int ny = imgs->data[i].ny;
-            if (!ctx->has_minicpmv_projector) {
+            if (!(ctx->has_minicpmv_projector | ctx->has_qwen2vl_merger)) {
                GGML_ASSERT(nx == image_size && ny == image_size);
            }

@@ -2413,9 +2545,9 @@ bool clip_image_batch_encode(clip_ctx * ctx, const int n_threads, const clip_ima
            auto pos_embed_t = get_2d_sincos_pos_embed(embed_dim, std::make_pair(pos_w, pos_h));

            float * pos_embed_data = (float *)malloc(ggml_nbytes(pos_embed));
-            for(int i=0;i<pos_w * pos_h;++i){
-                for(int j=0;j<embed_dim;++j){
-                    pos_embed_data[i*embed_dim+j]=pos_embed_t[i][j];
+            for(int i=0;i < pos_w * pos_h; ++i){
+                for(int j=0; j < embed_dim; ++j){
+                    pos_embed_data[i * embed_dim + j] = pos_embed_t[i][j];
                }
            }

@@ -2435,7 +2567,34 @@ bool clip_image_batch_encode(clip_ctx * ctx, const int n_threads, const clip_ima
            }
        }

-        {
+        if (ctx->has_qwen2vl_merger) {
+            struct ggml_tensor * positions = ggml_graph_get_tensor(gf, "positions");
+
+            const int pw = image_size_width / patch_size;
+            const int ph = image_size_height / patch_size;
+            int* positions_data = (int*)malloc(ggml_nbytes(positions));
+
+            int ptr = 0;
+            for (int y = 0; y < ph; y+=2)
+            {
+                for (int x = 0; x < pw; x+=2)
+                {
+                    for (int dy = 0; dy < 2; dy++) {
+                        for (int dx = 0; dx < 2; dx++) {
+                            positions_data[ptr]                 = y + dy;
+                            positions_data[num_patches + ptr]     = x + dx;
+                            positions_data[num_patches * 2 + ptr] = y + dy;
+                            positions_data[num_patches * 3 + ptr] = x + dx;
+                            ptr++;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            ggml_backend_tensor_set(positions, positions_data, 0, ggml_nbytes(positions));
+            free(positions_data);
+        }
+        else {
            struct ggml_tensor * positions = ggml_graph_get_tensor(gf, "positions");

            int* positions_data = (int*)malloc(ggml_nbytes(positions));
@@ -2444,16 +2603,16 @@ bool clip_image_batch_encode(clip_ctx * ctx, const int n_threads, const clip_ima
            }
            ggml_backend_tensor_set(positions, positions_data, 0, ggml_nbytes(positions));
            free(positions_data);
-        }

-        {
-            struct ggml_tensor * patches = ggml_graph_get_tensor(gf, "patches");
-            int* patches_data = (int*)malloc(ggml_nbytes(patches));
-            for (int i = 0; i < num_patches; i++) {
-                patches_data[i] = i + 1;
+            {
+                struct ggml_tensor * patches = ggml_graph_get_tensor(gf, "patches");
+                int* patches_data = (int*)malloc(ggml_nbytes(patches));
+                for (int i = 0; i < num_patches; i++) {
+                    patches_data[i] = i + 1;
+                }
+                ggml_backend_tensor_set(patches, patches_data, 0, ggml_nbytes(patches));
+                free(patches_data);
            }
-            ggml_backend_tensor_set(patches, patches_data, 0, ggml_nbytes(patches));
-            free(patches_data);
        }
    }

@@ -2626,6 +2785,9 @@ int clip_n_mmproj_embd(const struct clip_ctx * ctx) {
            return 3584;
        }
    }
+    if (ctx->proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_MERGER) {
+        return ctx->vision_model.mm_1_b->ne[0];
+    }

    std::string proj_type = PROJECTOR_TYPE_NAMES[ctx->proj_type];
    throw std::runtime_error(format("%s: don't support projector with: %s currently\n", __func__, proj_type.c_str()));
@@ -2637,3 +2799,21 @@ int clip_is_minicpmv(const struct clip_ctx * ctx) {
    }
    return 0;
 }
+
+bool clip_is_qwen2vl(const struct clip_ctx * ctx) {
+    return ctx->has_qwen2vl_merger;
+}
+
+
+bool clip_encode_float_image (struct clip_ctx * ctx, int n_threads, float * img, int h, int w, float * vec) {
+    clip_image_f32 clip_img;
+    clip_img.buf.resize(h * w * 3);
+    for (int i = 0; i < h*w*3; i++)
+    {
+        clip_img.buf[i] = img[i];
+    }
+    clip_img.nx = w;
+    clip_img.ny = h;
+    clip_image_encode(ctx, n_threads, &clip_img, vec);
+    return true;
+}
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ CLIP_API struct clip_ctx * clip_model_load_cpu(const char * fname, int verbosity
 CLIP_API void clip_free(struct clip_ctx * ctx);

 CLIP_API size_t clip_embd_nbytes(const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
+CLIP_API size_t clip_embd_nbytes_by_img(const struct clip_ctx * ctx, int img_h, int img_w);

 CLIP_API int32_t clip_image_size (const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
 CLIP_API int32_t clip_patch_size (const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
@@ -55,11 +56,13 @@ CLIP_API const char * clip_patch_merge_type(const struct clip_ctx * ctx);

 CLIP_API const int32_t * clip_image_grid(const struct clip_ctx * ctx);

-CLIP_API int clip_n_patches    (const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
-CLIP_API int clip_n_mmproj_embd(const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
+CLIP_API int clip_n_patches        (const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
+CLIP_API int clip_n_patches_by_img (const struct clip_ctx * ctx, struct clip_image_f32 * img);
+CLIP_API int clip_n_mmproj_embd    (const struct clip_ctx * ctx);

 CLIP_API int clip_uhd_num_image_embeds_col(struct clip_ctx * ctx_clip);
 CLIP_API void clip_add_load_image_size(struct clip_ctx * ctx_clip, struct clip_image_size * load_image_size);
+CLIP_API struct clip_image_size * clip_get_load_image_size(struct clip_ctx * ctx_clip);

 CLIP_API struct clip_image_size * clip_image_size_init();
 CLIP_API struct clip_image_u8  * clip_image_u8_init ();
@@ -86,6 +89,9 @@ CLIP_API bool clip_image_batch_encode(struct clip_ctx * ctx, int n_threads, cons
 CLIP_API bool clip_model_quantize(const char * fname_inp, const char * fname_out, int itype);

 CLIP_API int clip_is_minicpmv(const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
+CLIP_API bool clip_is_qwen2vl(const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
+
+CLIP_API bool clip_encode_float_image (struct clip_ctx * ctx, int n_threads, float * img, int h, int w, float * vec);

 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
@@ -259,25 +259,33 @@ static bool encode_image_with_clip(clip_ctx * ctx_clip, int n_threads, const cli

    const char * mm_patch_merge_type = clip_patch_merge_type(ctx_clip);

-    if (clip_is_minicpmv(ctx_clip)) {
+    if (clip_is_minicpmv(ctx_clip) || clip_is_qwen2vl(ctx_clip)) {
        std::vector<float *> image_embd_v;
        image_embd_v.resize(img_res_v.size);
        struct clip_image_size * load_image_size = clip_image_size_init();
+
        for (size_t i = 0; i < img_res_v.size; i++) {
            const int64_t t_img_enc_step_start_us = ggml_time_us();
-            image_embd_v[i] = (float *)malloc(clip_embd_nbytes(ctx_clip));
+            image_embd_v[i] = (float *)malloc(clip_embd_nbytes_by_img(ctx_clip, img_res_v.data[i].nx, img_res_v.data[i].ny));
            int patch_size=14;
            load_image_size->width = img_res_v.data[i].nx;
            load_image_size->height = img_res_v.data[i].ny;
            clip_add_load_image_size(ctx_clip, load_image_size);
+
            bool encoded = false;
-            int has_minicpmv_projector = clip_is_minicpmv(ctx_clip);
-            if (has_minicpmv_projector == 2) {
-                encoded = clip_image_encode(ctx_clip, n_threads, only_v2_5_reshape_by_patch(&img_res_v.data[i], patch_size), image_embd_v[i]);
-            }
-            else if (has_minicpmv_projector == 3) {
+            if (clip_is_qwen2vl(ctx_clip)) {
                encoded = clip_image_encode(ctx_clip, n_threads, &img_res_v.data[i], image_embd_v[i]);
            }
+            else {
+                int has_minicpmv_projector = clip_is_minicpmv(ctx_clip);
+                if (has_minicpmv_projector == 2) {
+                    encoded = clip_image_encode(ctx_clip, n_threads, only_v2_5_reshape_by_patch(&img_res_v.data[i], patch_size), image_embd_v[i]);
+                }
+                else if (has_minicpmv_projector == 3) {
+                    encoded = clip_image_encode(ctx_clip, n_threads, &img_res_v.data[i], image_embd_v[i]);
+                }
+            }
+
            if (!encoded) {
                LOG_ERR("Unable to encode image - spatial_unpad - subimage %d of %d\n", (int) i+1, (int) img_res_v.size);
                return false;
@@ -290,8 +298,11 @@ static bool encode_image_with_clip(clip_ctx * ctx_clip, int n_threads, const cli

        int n_img_pos_out = 0;
        for (size_t i = 0; i < image_embd_v.size(); i++) {
-            std::memcpy(image_embd + n_img_pos_out * clip_n_mmproj_embd(ctx_clip), image_embd_v[i], clip_embd_nbytes(ctx_clip));
-            n_img_pos_out += clip_n_patches(ctx_clip);
+            std::memcpy(
+                image_embd + n_img_pos_out * clip_n_mmproj_embd(ctx_clip),
+                image_embd_v[i],
+                clip_embd_nbytes_by_img(ctx_clip, img_res_v.data[i].nx, img_res_v.data[i].ny));
+            n_img_pos_out += clip_n_patches_by_img(ctx_clip, &img_res_v.data[i]);
        }
        *n_img_pos = n_img_pos_out;
        for (size_t i = 0; i < image_embd_v.size(); i++) {
@@ -387,7 +398,13 @@ bool llava_image_embed_make_with_clip_img(clip_ctx * ctx_clip, int n_threads, co
    if (clip_is_minicpmv(ctx_clip)) {
        num_max_patches = 10;
    }
-    float * image_embd = (float *)malloc(clip_embd_nbytes(ctx_clip)*num_max_patches); // TODO: base on gridsize/llava model
+    float * image_embd;
+    if (clip_is_qwen2vl(ctx_clip)) {
+        // qwen2vl don't split image into chunks, so `num_max_patches` is not needed.
+        image_embd = (float *)malloc(clip_embd_nbytes_by_img(ctx_clip, img->nx, img->ny));
+    } else {
+        image_embd = (float *)malloc(clip_embd_nbytes(ctx_clip)*num_max_patches); // TODO: base on gridsize/llava model
+    }
    if (!image_embd) {
        LOG_ERR("Unable to allocate memory for image embeddings\n");
        return false;
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+import argparse
+from typing import Dict
+
+import torch
+import numpy as np
+from gguf import *
+from transformers import (
+    Qwen2VLForConditionalGeneration,
+    Qwen2VLProcessor,
+    AutoProcessor,
+    Qwen2VLConfig
+)
+
+
+VISION = "clip.vision"
+
+
+def k(raw_key: str, arch: str) -> str:
+    return raw_key.format(arch=arch)
+
+
+def to_gguf_name(name: str) -> str:
+    og = name
+    name = name.replace("text_model", "t").replace("vision_model", "v")
+    name = name.replace("blocks", "blk").replace("embeddings.", "")
+    name = name.replace("attn.", "attn_")
+    name = name.replace("mlp.fc1", "ffn_down").replace("mlp.fc2", "ffn_up").replace("proj.", "out.")
+    # name = name.replace("layrnorm", "ln").replace("layer_norm", "ln").replace("layernorm", "ln")
+    name = name.replace("norm1", "ln1").replace("norm2", "ln2")
+    name = name.replace("merger.mlp", 'mm')
+    print(f"[to_gguf_name] {og} --> {name}")
+    return name
+
+
+def find_vision_tensors(qwen2vl, dtype) -> Dict[str, np.ndarray]:
+    vision_model = qwen2vl.visual
+    tensor_map = {}
+    for name, ten in vision_model.state_dict().items():
+        ten = ten.numpy()
+        if 'qkv' in name:
+            if ten.ndim == 2: # weight
+                c3, _ = ten.shape
+            else:             # bias
+                c3 = ten.shape[0]
+            assert c3 % 3 == 0
+            c = c3 // 3
+            wq = ten[:c]
+            wk = ten[c: c * 2]
+            wv = ten[c * 2:]
+            tensor_map[to_gguf_name(f"vision_model.{name}").replace("qkv", "q")] = wq
+            tensor_map[to_gguf_name(f"vision_model.{name}").replace("qkv", "k")] = wk
+            tensor_map[to_gguf_name(f"vision_model.{name}").replace("qkv", "v")] = wv
+        elif 'merger' in name:
+            if name.endswith("ln_q.weight"):
+                tensor_map['v.post_ln.weight'] = ten
+            elif name.endswith("ln_q.bias"):
+                tensor_map['v.post_ln.bias'] = ten
+            else:
+                # "merger.mlp.%d.weight/bias" --> "mm.%d.weight/bias"
+                tensor_map[to_gguf_name(name)] = ten
+        elif 'patch_embed.proj.weight' in name:
+            # NOTE: split Conv3D into Conv2Ds
+            c1, c2, kt, kh, kw = ten.shape
+            assert kt == 2, "Current implmentation only support temporal_patch_size of 2"
+            tensor_map["v.patch_embd.weight"] = ten[:, :, 0, ...]
+            tensor_map["v.patch_embd.weight.1"] = ten[:, :, 1, ...]
+        else:
+            tensor_map[to_gguf_name(f"vision_model.{name}")] = ten
+
+    for new_name, ten in tensor_map.items():
+        if ten.ndim <= 1 or new_name.endswith("_norm.weight"):
+            tensor_map[new_name] = ten.astype(np.float32)
+        else:
+            tensor_map[new_name] = ten.astype(dtype)
+    tensor_map["v.position_embd.weight"] = np.zeros([10, 10], dtype=np.float32)  # dummy tensor, just here as a placeholder
+    return tensor_map
+
+
+def main(args):
+    if args.data_type == 'fp32':
+        dtype = torch.float32
+        np_dtype = np.float32
+        ftype = 0
+    elif args.data_type == 'fp16':
+        dtype = torch.float32
+        np_dtype = np.float16
+        ftype = 1
+    else:
+        raise ValueError()
+
+    local_model = False
+    model_path = ""
+    model_name = args.model_name
+    print("model_name: ", model_name)
+    qwen2vl = Qwen2VLForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained(
+        model_name, torch_dtype=dtype, device_map="cpu"
+    )
+    cfg: Qwen2VLConfig = qwen2vl.config  # type: ignore[reportAssignmentType]
+    vcfg = cfg.vision_config
+
+    if os.path.isdir(model_name):
+        local_model = True
+        if model_name.endswith(os.sep):
+            model_name = model_name[:-1]
+        model_path = model_name
+        model_name = os.path.basename(model_name)
+    fname_out = f"{model_name.replace('/', '-').lower()}-vision.gguf"
+
+    fout = GGUFWriter(path=fname_out, arch="clip")
+    fout.add_description("image encoder for Qwen2VL")
+
+    fout.add_file_type(ftype)
+    fout.add_bool("clip.has_text_encoder", False)
+    fout.add_bool("clip.has_vision_encoder", True)
+    fout.add_bool("clip.has_qwen2vl_merger", True)
+    fout.add_string("clip.projector_type", "qwen2vl_merger")
+
+    print(cfg.vision_config)
+    if 'silu' in cfg.vision_config.hidden_act.lower():
+        fout.add_bool("clip.use_silu", True)
+        fout.add_bool("clip.use_gelu", False)
+    elif 'gelu' in cfg.vision_config.hidden_act.lower():
+        fout.add_bool("clip.use_silu", False)
+        fout.add_bool("clip.use_gelu", 'quick' not in cfg.vision_config.hidden_act.lower())
+    else:
+        raise ValueError()
+
+    tensor_map = find_vision_tensors(qwen2vl, np_dtype)
+    for name, data in tensor_map.items():
+        fout.add_tensor(name, data)
+
+    fout.add_uint32("clip.vision.patch_size", vcfg.patch_size)
+    fout.add_uint32("clip.vision.image_size", 14 * 40)  # some reasonable size that is divable by (14*2)
+    fout.add_uint32(k(KEY_EMBEDDING_LENGTH, VISION), vcfg.embed_dim)
+    fout.add_uint32("clip.vision.projection_dim", vcfg.hidden_size)
+    fout.add_uint32(k(KEY_ATTENTION_HEAD_COUNT, VISION), vcfg.num_heads)
+    fout.add_float32(k(KEY_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_EPS, VISION), 1e-6)
+    fout.add_uint32(k(KEY_BLOCK_COUNT, VISION), vcfg.depth)
+    fout.add_uint32(k(KEY_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH, VISION), 0)  # not sure what this does, put 0 here as a placeholder
+    fout.add_name(model_name)
+    """
+    HACK: Since vision rope related parameter aren't stored in the `Qwen2VLConfig,
+            it will be hardcoded in the `clip_image_build_graph` from `clip.cpp`.
+    """
+
+    if local_model:
+        processor: Qwen2VLProcessor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained(model_path)
+    else:
+        processor: Qwen2VLProcessor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained(model_name)
+    fout.add_array("clip.vision.image_mean", processor.image_processor.image_mean) # type: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+    fout.add_array("clip.vision.image_std", processor.image_processor.image_std) # type: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+
+    fout.write_header_to_file()
+    fout.write_kv_data_to_file()
+    fout.write_tensors_to_file()
+    fout.close()
+    print("save model as: ", fname_out)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+    parser.add_argument("model_name", nargs='?', default="Qwen/Qwen2-VL-2B-Instruct")
+    parser.add_argument("--data_type", nargs='?', choices=['fp32', 'fp16'], default="fp32")
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+    main(args)
@@ -0,0 +1,581 @@
+#include "arg.h"
+#include "base64.hpp"
+#include "log.h"
+#include "common.h"
+#include "sampling.h"
+#include "clip.h"
+#include "llava.h"
+#include "llama.h"
+#include "ggml.h"
+
+#ifdef GGML_USE_CUDA
+#include "ggml-cuda.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef NDEBUG
+#include "ggml-alloc.h"
+#include "ggml-backend.h"
+#endif
+
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <vector>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <fstream>
+
+
+static bool qwen2vl_eval_image_embed(llama_context * ctx_llama, const struct llava_image_embed * image_embed,
+                                     int n_batch, int * n_past, int * st_pos_id, struct clip_image_size * image_size) {
+    int n_embd  = llama_n_embd(llama_get_model(ctx_llama));
+    const int patch_size = 14 * 2;
+    const int ph = image_size->height / patch_size + (image_size->height % patch_size > 0);
+    const int pw = image_size->width / patch_size + (image_size->width % patch_size > 0);
+    auto img_tokens = image_embed->n_image_pos;
+    // llama_pos mrope_pos[img_tokens * 4];
+    std::vector<llama_pos> mrope_pos;
+    mrope_pos.resize(img_tokens * 4);
+
+    for (int y = 0; y < ph; y++)
+    {
+        for (int x = 0; x < pw; x++)
+        {
+            int i = y * pw + x;
+            mrope_pos[i] = *st_pos_id;
+            mrope_pos[i + img_tokens] = *st_pos_id + y;
+            mrope_pos[i + img_tokens * 2] = *st_pos_id + x;
+            mrope_pos[i + img_tokens * 3] = 0;
+        }
+    }
+    *st_pos_id += std::max(pw, ph);
+
+    int processed = 0;
+    std::vector<llama_pos> batch_mrope_pos;
+    batch_mrope_pos.resize(img_tokens * 4);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < img_tokens; i += n_batch) {
+        int n_eval = img_tokens - i;
+        if (n_eval > n_batch) {
+            n_eval = n_batch;
+        }
+
+        // llama_pos batch_mrope_pos[n_eval * 4];
+        std::fill(batch_mrope_pos.begin(), batch_mrope_pos.end(), 0);
+        memcpy(batch_mrope_pos.data(), &mrope_pos[processed], n_eval * sizeof(llama_pos));
+        memcpy(&batch_mrope_pos[n_eval * 1], &mrope_pos[img_tokens * 1 + processed], n_eval * sizeof(llama_pos));
+        memcpy(&batch_mrope_pos[n_eval * 2], &mrope_pos[img_tokens * 2 + processed], n_eval * sizeof(llama_pos));
+        memcpy(&batch_mrope_pos[n_eval * 3], &mrope_pos[img_tokens * 3 + processed], n_eval * sizeof(llama_pos));
+
+        llama_batch batch = {
+            int32_t(n_eval),                // n_tokens
+            nullptr,                        // token
+            (image_embed->embed+i*n_embd),  // embed
+            batch_mrope_pos.data(),         // pos
+            nullptr,  // n_seq_id
+            nullptr,  // seq_id
+            nullptr,  // logits
+        };
+
+        if (llama_decode(ctx_llama, batch)) {
+            LOG_ERR("%s : failed to eval\n", __func__);
+            return false;
+        }
+        *n_past += n_eval;
+        processed += n_eval;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+
+static bool eval_tokens(struct llama_context * ctx_llama, std::vector<llama_token> tokens, int n_batch, int * n_past, int * st_pos_id) {
+    int N = (int) tokens.size();
+    std::vector<llama_pos> pos;
+    for (int i = 0; i < N; i += n_batch) {
+        int n_eval = (int) tokens.size() - i;
+        if (n_eval > n_batch) {
+            n_eval = n_batch;
+        }
+        auto batch = llama_batch_get_one(&tokens[i], n_eval);
+        // TODO: add mrope pos ids somewhere else
+        pos.resize(batch.n_tokens * 4);
+        std::fill(pos.begin(), pos.end(), 0);
+        for (int j = 0; j < batch.n_tokens * 3; j ++) {
+            pos[j] = *st_pos_id + (j % batch.n_tokens);
+        }
+        batch.pos = pos.data();
+
+        if (llama_decode(ctx_llama, batch)) {
+            LOG_ERR("%s : failed to eval. token %d/%d (batch size %d, n_past %d)\n", __func__, i, N, n_batch, *n_past);
+            return false;
+        }
+        *n_past += n_eval;
+        *st_pos_id += n_eval;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool eval_id(struct llama_context * ctx_llama, int id, int * n_past, int * st_pos_id) {
+    std::vector<llama_token> tokens;
+    tokens.push_back(id);
+    return eval_tokens(ctx_llama, tokens, 1, n_past, st_pos_id);
+}
+
+static bool eval_string(struct llama_context * ctx_llama, const char* str, int n_batch, int * n_past, int * st_pos_id, bool add_bos){
+    std::string              str2     = str;
+    std::vector<llama_token> embd_inp = common_tokenize(ctx_llama, str2, add_bos, true);
+    eval_tokens(ctx_llama, embd_inp, n_batch, n_past, st_pos_id);
+    return true;
+}
+
+static const char * sample(struct common_sampler * smpl,
+                           struct llama_context * ctx_llama,
+                           int * n_past, int * st_pos_id) {
+    const llama_token id = common_sampler_sample(smpl, ctx_llama, -1);
+    common_sampler_accept(smpl, id, true);
+    static std::string ret;
+    if (llama_token_is_eog(llama_get_model(ctx_llama), id)) {
+        ret = "</s>";
+    } else {
+        ret = common_token_to_piece(ctx_llama, id);
+    }
+    eval_id(ctx_llama, id, n_past, st_pos_id);
+    return ret.c_str();
+}
+
+static const char* IMG_BASE64_TAG_BEGIN = "<img src=\"data:image/jpeg;base64,";
+static const char* IMG_BASE64_TAG_END = "\">";
+
+static void find_image_tag_in_prompt(const std::string& prompt, size_t& begin_out, size_t& end_out) {
+    begin_out = prompt.find(IMG_BASE64_TAG_BEGIN);
+    end_out = prompt.find(IMG_BASE64_TAG_END, (begin_out == std::string::npos) ? 0UL : begin_out);
+}
+
+static bool prompt_contains_image(const std::string& prompt) {
+    size_t begin, end;
+    find_image_tag_in_prompt(prompt, begin, end);
+    return (begin != std::string::npos);
+}
+
+// replaces the base64 image tag in the prompt with `replacement`
+static llava_image_embed * llava_image_embed_make_with_prompt_base64(struct clip_ctx * ctx_clip, int n_threads, const std::string& prompt) {
+    size_t img_base64_str_start, img_base64_str_end;
+    find_image_tag_in_prompt(prompt, img_base64_str_start, img_base64_str_end);
+    if (img_base64_str_start == std::string::npos || img_base64_str_end == std::string::npos) {
+        LOG_ERR("%s: invalid base64 image tag. must be %s<base64 byte string>%s\n", __func__, IMG_BASE64_TAG_BEGIN, IMG_BASE64_TAG_END);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    auto base64_bytes_start = img_base64_str_start + strlen(IMG_BASE64_TAG_BEGIN);
+    auto base64_bytes_count = img_base64_str_end - base64_bytes_start;
+    auto base64_str = prompt.substr(base64_bytes_start, base64_bytes_count );
+
+    auto required_bytes = base64::required_encode_size(base64_str.size());
+    auto img_bytes = std::vector<unsigned char>(required_bytes);
+    base64::decode(base64_str.begin(), base64_str.end(), img_bytes.begin());
+
+    auto embed = llava_image_embed_make_with_bytes(ctx_clip, n_threads, img_bytes.data(), img_bytes.size());
+    if (!embed) {
+        LOG_ERR("%s: could not load image from base64 string.\n", __func__);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    return embed;
+}
+
+static std::string remove_image_from_prompt(const std::string& prompt, const char * replacement = "") {
+    size_t begin, end;
+    find_image_tag_in_prompt(prompt, begin, end);
+    if (begin == std::string::npos || end == std::string::npos) {
+        return prompt;
+    }
+    auto pre = prompt.substr(0, begin);
+    auto post = prompt.substr(end + strlen(IMG_BASE64_TAG_END));
+    return pre + replacement + post;
+}
+
+struct llava_context {
+    struct clip_ctx * ctx_clip = NULL;
+    struct llama_context * ctx_llama = NULL;
+    struct llama_model * model = NULL;
+};
+
+static void print_usage(int, char ** argv) {
+    LOG("\n example usage:\n");
+    LOG("\n     %s -m <llava-v1.5-7b/ggml-model-q5_k.gguf> --mmproj <llava-v1.5-7b/mmproj-model-f16.gguf> --image <path/to/an/image.jpg> --image <path/to/another/image.jpg> [--temp 0.1] [-p \"describe the image in detail.\"]\n", argv[0]);
+    LOG("\n note: a lower temperature value like 0.1 is recommended for better quality.\n");
+}
+
+static struct llava_image_embed * load_image(llava_context * ctx_llava, common_params * params, const std::string & fname) {
+
+    // load and preprocess the image
+    llava_image_embed * embed = NULL;
+    auto prompt = params->prompt;
+    if (prompt_contains_image(prompt)) {
+        if (!params->image.empty()) {
+            LOG_INF("using base64 encoded image instead of command line image path\n");
+        }
+        embed = llava_image_embed_make_with_prompt_base64(ctx_llava->ctx_clip, params->cpuparams.n_threads, prompt);
+        if (!embed) {
+            LOG_ERR("%s: can't load image from prompt\n", __func__);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        params->prompt = remove_image_from_prompt(prompt);
+    } else {
+        embed = llava_image_embed_make_with_filename(ctx_llava->ctx_clip, params->cpuparams.n_threads, fname.c_str());
+        if (!embed) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "%s: is %s really an image file?\n", __func__, fname.c_str());
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return embed;
+}
+
+static void process_prompt(struct llava_context * ctx_llava, struct llava_image_embed * image_embed, common_params * params, const std::string & prompt) {
+    int n_past = 0;
+    int cur_pos_id = 0;
+
+    const int max_tgt_len = params->n_predict < 0 ? 256 : params->n_predict;
+
+    std::string system_prompt, user_prompt;
+    size_t image_pos = prompt.find("<|vision_start|>");
+    if (image_pos != std::string::npos) {
+        // new templating mode: Provide the full prompt including system message and use <image> as a placeholder for the image
+        system_prompt = prompt.substr(0, image_pos);
+        user_prompt = prompt.substr(image_pos + std::string("<|vision_pad|>").length());
+        LOG_INF("system_prompt: %s\n", system_prompt.c_str());
+        if (params->verbose_prompt) {
+            auto tmp = common_tokenize(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, system_prompt, true, true);
+            for (int i = 0; i < (int) tmp.size(); i++) {
+                LOG_INF("%6d -> '%s'\n", tmp[i], common_token_to_piece(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, tmp[i]).c_str());
+            }
+        }
+        LOG_INF("user_prompt: %s\n", user_prompt.c_str());
+        if (params->verbose_prompt) {
+            auto tmp = common_tokenize(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, user_prompt, true, true);
+            for (int i = 0; i < (int) tmp.size(); i++) {
+                LOG_INF("%6d -> '%s'\n", tmp[i], common_token_to_piece(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, tmp[i]).c_str());
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        // llava-1.5 native mode
+        system_prompt = "<|im_start|>system\nYou are a helpful assistant.<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>user\n<|vision_start|>";
+        user_prompt = "<|vision_end|>" + prompt + "<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n";
+        if (params->verbose_prompt) {
+            auto tmp = common_tokenize(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, user_prompt, true, true);
+            for (int i = 0; i < (int) tmp.size(); i++) {
+                LOG_INF("%6d -> '%s'\n", tmp[i], common_token_to_piece(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, tmp[i]).c_str());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    eval_string(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, system_prompt.c_str(), params->n_batch, &n_past, &cur_pos_id, true);
+    if (image_embed != nullptr) {
+        auto image_size = clip_get_load_image_size(ctx_llava->ctx_clip);
+        qwen2vl_eval_image_embed(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, image_embed, params->n_batch, &n_past, &cur_pos_id, image_size);
+    }
+    eval_string(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, user_prompt.c_str(), params->n_batch, &n_past, &cur_pos_id, false);
+
+    // generate the response
+
+    LOG("\n");
+
+    struct common_sampler * smpl = common_sampler_init(ctx_llava->model, params->sampling);
+    if (!smpl) {
+        LOG_ERR("%s: failed to initialize sampling subsystem\n", __func__);
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    std::string response = "";
+    for (int i = 0; i < max_tgt_len; i++) {
+        const char * tmp = sample(smpl, ctx_llava->ctx_llama, &n_past, &cur_pos_id);
+        response += tmp;
+        if (strcmp(tmp, "</s>") == 0) break;
+        if (strstr(tmp, "###")) break; // Yi-VL behavior
+        LOG("%s", tmp);
+        if (strstr(response.c_str(), "<|im_end|>")) break; // Yi-34B llava-1.6 - for some reason those decode not as the correct token (tokenizer works)
+        if (strstr(response.c_str(), "<|im_start|>")) break; // Yi-34B llava-1.6
+        if (strstr(response.c_str(), "USER:")) break; // mistral llava-1.6
+
+        fflush(stdout);
+    }
+
+    common_sampler_free(smpl);
+    LOG("\n");
+}
+
+static struct llama_model * llava_init(common_params * params) {
+    llama_backend_init();
+    llama_numa_init(params->numa);
+
+    llama_model_params model_params = common_model_params_to_llama(*params);
+
+    llama_model * model = llama_load_model_from_file(params->model.c_str(), model_params);
+    if (model == NULL) {
+        LOG_ERR("%s: unable to load model\n" , __func__);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return model;
+}
+
+static struct llava_context * llava_init_context(common_params * params, llama_model * model) {
+    const char * clip_path = params->mmproj.c_str();
+
+    auto prompt = params->prompt;
+    if (prompt.empty()) {
+        prompt = "describe the image in detail.";
+    }
+
+    auto ctx_clip = clip_model_load(clip_path, /*verbosity=*/ 1);
+
+
+    llama_context_params ctx_params = common_context_params_to_llama(*params);
+    ctx_params.n_ctx           = params->n_ctx < 2048 ? 2048 : params->n_ctx; // we need a longer context size to process image embeddings
+
+    llama_context * ctx_llama = llama_new_context_with_model(model, ctx_params);
+
+    if (ctx_llama == NULL) {
+        LOG_ERR("%s: failed to create the llama_context\n" , __func__);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    auto * ctx_llava = (struct llava_context *)malloc(sizeof(llava_context));
+
+    ctx_llava->ctx_llama = ctx_llama;
+    ctx_llava->ctx_clip = ctx_clip;
+    ctx_llava->model = model;
+    return ctx_llava;
+}
+
+static void llava_free(struct llava_context * ctx_llava) {
+    if (ctx_llava->ctx_clip) {
+        clip_free(ctx_llava->ctx_clip);
+        ctx_llava->ctx_clip = NULL;
+    }
+
+    llama_free(ctx_llava->ctx_llama);
+    llama_free_model(ctx_llava->model);
+    llama_backend_free();
+}
+
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+
+static void debug_test_mrope_2d() {
+    // 1. Initialize backend
+    ggml_backend_t backend = NULL;
+    std::string backend_name = "";
+#ifdef GGML_USE_CUDA
+    fprintf(stderr, "%s: using CUDA backend\n", __func__);
+    backend = ggml_backend_cuda_init(0); // init device 0
+    backend_name = "cuda";
+    if (!backend) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s: ggml_backend_cuda_init() failed\n", __func__);
+    }
+#endif
+    // if there aren't GPU Backends fallback to CPU backend
+    if (!backend) {
+        backend = ggml_backend_cpu_init();
+        backend_name = "cpu";
+    }
+
+    // Calculate the size needed to allocate
+    size_t ctx_size = 0;
+    ctx_size += 2 * ggml_tensor_overhead(); // tensors
+    // no need to allocate anything else!
+
+    // 2. Allocate `ggml_context` to store tensor data
+    struct ggml_init_params params = {
+        /*.mem_size   =*/ ctx_size,
+        /*.mem_buffer =*/ NULL,
+        /*.no_alloc   =*/ true, // the tensors will be allocated later by ggml_backend_alloc_ctx_tensors()
+    };
+    struct ggml_context * ctx = ggml_init(params);
+
+    struct ggml_tensor * inp_raw = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, 128, 12, 30);
+    ggml_set_name(inp_raw, "inp_raw");
+    ggml_set_input(inp_raw);
+
+    struct ggml_tensor * pos = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_I32, 30 * 4);
+    ggml_set_name(pos, "pos");
+    ggml_set_input(pos);
+
+    std::vector<float> dummy_q;
+    dummy_q.resize(128 * 12 * 30);
+    std::fill(dummy_q.begin(), dummy_q.end(), 0.1);
+    // memcpy(inp_raw->data, dummy_q.data(), 128 * 12 * 30 * ggml_element_size(inp_raw));
+
+    std::vector<int> pos_id;
+    pos_id.resize(30 * 4);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 30; i ++) {
+        pos_id[i] = i;
+        pos_id[i + 30] = i + 10;
+        pos_id[i + 60] = i + 20;
+        pos_id[i + 90] = i + 30;
+    }
+    int sections[4] = {32, 32, 0, 0};
+
+    // 4. Allocate a `ggml_backend_buffer` to store all tensors
+    ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer = ggml_backend_alloc_ctx_tensors(ctx, backend);
+
+    // 5. Copy tensor data from main memory (RAM) to backend buffer
+    ggml_backend_tensor_set(inp_raw, dummy_q.data(), 0, ggml_nbytes(inp_raw));
+    ggml_backend_tensor_set(pos, pos_id.data(), 0, ggml_nbytes(pos));
+
+    // 6. Create a `ggml_cgraph` for mul_mat operation
+    struct ggml_cgraph * gf = NULL;
+    struct ggml_context * ctx_cgraph = NULL;
+
+    // create a temporally context to build the graph
+    struct ggml_init_params params0 = {
+        /*.mem_size   =*/ ggml_tensor_overhead()*GGML_DEFAULT_GRAPH_SIZE + ggml_graph_overhead(),
+        /*.mem_buffer =*/ NULL,
+        /*.no_alloc   =*/ true, // the tensors will be allocated later by ggml_gallocr_alloc_graph()
+    };
+    ctx_cgraph = ggml_init(params0);
+    gf = ggml_new_graph(ctx_cgraph);
+
+    struct ggml_tensor * result0 = ggml_rope_multi(
+        ctx_cgraph, inp_raw, pos, nullptr,
+        128/2, sections, LLAMA_ROPE_TYPE_VISION, 32768, 1000000, 1,
+        0, 1, 32, 1);
+
+    // Add "result" tensor and all of its dependencies to the cgraph
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, result0);
+
+    // 7. Create a `ggml_gallocr` for cgraph computation
+    ggml_gallocr_t allocr = ggml_gallocr_new(ggml_backend_get_default_buffer_type(backend));
+    ggml_gallocr_alloc_graph(allocr, gf);
+
+    // 9. Run the computation
+    int n_threads = 1; // Optional: number of threads to perform some operations with multi-threading
+    if (ggml_backend_is_cpu(backend)) {
+        ggml_backend_cpu_set_n_threads(backend, n_threads);
+    }
+    ggml_backend_graph_compute(backend, gf);
+
+    // 10. Retrieve results (output tensors)
+    // in this example, output tensor is always the last tensor in the graph
+    struct ggml_tensor * result = result0;
+    // struct ggml_tensor * result = gf->nodes[gf->n_nodes - 1];
+    float * result_data = (float *)malloc(ggml_nbytes(result));
+    // because the tensor data is stored in device buffer, we need to copy it back to RAM
+    ggml_backend_tensor_get(result, result_data, 0, ggml_nbytes(result));
+    const std::string bin_file = "mrope_2d_" + backend_name +".bin";
+    std::ofstream outFile(bin_file, std::ios::binary);
+
+    if (outFile.is_open()) {
+        outFile.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(result_data), ggml_nbytes(result));
+        outFile.close();
+        std::cout << "Data successfully written to " + bin_file << std::endl;
+    } else {
+        std::cerr << "Error opening file!" << std::endl;
+    }
+
+    free(result_data);
+    // 11. Free memory and exit
+    ggml_free(ctx_cgraph);
+    ggml_gallocr_free(allocr);
+    ggml_free(ctx);
+    ggml_backend_buffer_free(buffer);
+    ggml_backend_free(backend);
+}
+
+static void debug_dump_img_embed(struct llava_context * ctx_llava) {
+    int n_embd  = llama_n_embd(llama_get_model(ctx_llava->ctx_llama));
+    int ne = n_embd * 4;
+    float vals[56 * 56 * 3];
+    // float embd[ne];
+    std::vector<float> embd;
+    embd.resize(ne);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 56*56; i++)
+    {
+        for (int c = 0; c < 3; c++)
+            vals[i * 3 + c] = (float)(i % (56 * 56)) / (56*56);
+    }
+
+    clip_encode_float_image(ctx_llava->ctx_clip, 16, vals, 56, 56, embd.data());
+
+    std::ofstream outFile("img_embed.bin", std::ios::binary);
+    if (outFile.is_open()) {
+        outFile.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(embd.data()), ne * sizeof(float));
+
+        outFile.close();
+        std::cout << "Data successfully written to mrope.bin" << std::endl;
+    } else {
+        std::cerr << "Error opening file!" << std::endl;
+    }
+}
+
+#endif
+
+
+int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
+    ggml_time_init();
+
+    common_params params;
+
+    if (!common_params_parse(argc, argv, params, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_LLAVA, print_usage)) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    common_init();
+
+    if (params.mmproj.empty() || (params.image.empty() && !prompt_contains_image(params.prompt))) {
+        print_usage(argc, argv);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    auto * model = llava_init(&params);
+    if (model == NULL) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s: error: failed to init llava model\n", __func__);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    if (prompt_contains_image(params.prompt)) {
+        auto * ctx_llava = llava_init_context(&params, model);
+
+        auto * image_embed = load_image(ctx_llava, &params, "");
+
+        // process the prompt
+        process_prompt(ctx_llava, image_embed, &params, params.prompt);
+
+        llama_perf_context_print(ctx_llava->ctx_llama);
+        llava_image_embed_free(image_embed);
+        ctx_llava->model = NULL;
+        llava_free(ctx_llava);
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+    } else if (params.image[0].empty()) {
+        auto ctx_llava = llava_init_context(&params, model);
+
+        debug_test_mrope_2d();
+        debug_dump_img_embed(ctx_llava);
+
+        llama_perf_context_print(ctx_llava->ctx_llama);
+        ctx_llava->model = NULL;
+        llava_free(ctx_llava);
+#endif
+    } else {
+        for (auto & image : params.image) {
+            auto * ctx_llava = llava_init_context(&params, model);
+
+            auto * image_embed = load_image(ctx_llava, &params, image);
+            if (!image_embed) {
+                LOG_ERR("%s: failed to load image %s. Terminating\n\n", __func__, image.c_str());
+                return 1;
+            }
+
+            // process the prompt
+            process_prompt(ctx_llava, image_embed, &params, params.prompt);
+
+            llama_perf_context_print(ctx_llava->ctx_llama);
+            llava_image_embed_free(image_embed);
+            ctx_llava->model = NULL;
+            llava_free(ctx_llava);
+        }
+    }
+
+    llama_free_model(model);
+
+    return 0;
+}
@@ -177,16 +177,11 @@ Example usage: `--temp 0`

 -   `--repeat-penalty N`: Control the repetition of token sequences in the generated text default: 1.0, 1.0 = disabled).
 -   `--repeat-last-n N`: Last n tokens to consider for penalizing repetition (default: 64, 0 = disabled, -1 = ctx-size).
-   `--no-penalize-nl`: Disable penalization for newline tokens when applying the repeat penalty.

 The `repeat-penalty` option helps prevent the model from generating repetitive or monotonous text. A higher value (e.g., 1.5) will penalize repetitions more strongly, while a lower value (e.g., 0.9) will be more lenient. The default value is 1.

 The `repeat-last-n` option controls the number of tokens in the history to consider for penalizing repetition. A larger value will look further back in the generated text to prevent repetitions, while a smaller value will only consider recent tokens. A value of 0 disables the penalty, and a value of -1 sets the number of tokens considered equal to the context size (`ctx-size`).

-Use the `--no-penalize-nl` option to disable newline penalization when applying the repeat penalty. This option is particularly useful for generating chat conversations, dialogues, code, poetry, or any text where newline tokens play a significant role in structure and formatting. Disabling newline penalization helps maintain the natural flow and intended formatting in these specific use cases.
-
-Example usage: `--repeat-penalty 1.15 --repeat-last-n 128 --no-penalize-nl`
-
 ### DRY Repetition Penalty

 DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself) sampling is an effective technique for reducing repetition in generated text even across long contexts by penalizing tokens based on their recent usage patterns (original [PR link](https://github.com/oobabooga/text-generation-webui/pull/5677)).
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ Several quantization methods are supported. They differ in the resulting model d
  - [#4930 - imatrix for all k-quants](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/4930)
  - [#4951 - imatrix on the GPU](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/4957)
  - [#4969 - imatrix for legacy quants](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/4969)
-  - [#4996 - k-qunats tuning](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/4996)
+  - [#4996 - k-quants tuning](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/4996)
  - [#5060 - Q3_K_XS](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/5060)
  - [#5196 - 3-bit i-quants](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/5196)
  - [quantization tuning](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/5320), [another one](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/5334), and [another one](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/5361)
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ static void batch_decode(llama_context * ctx, llama_batch & batch, float * outpu
        }

        float * out = output + batch.seq_id[i][0] * n_embd;
-        common_embd_normalize(embd, out, n_embd);
+        common_embd_normalize(embd, out, n_embd, 2);
    }
 }

@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
        std::vector<chunk> file_chunk = chunk_file(context_file, params.chunk_size, params.chunk_separator);
        chunks.insert(chunks.end(), file_chunk.begin(), file_chunk.end());
    }
-    LOG_INF("Number of chunks: %ld\n", chunks.size());
+    LOG_INF("Number of chunks: %zu\n", chunks.size());

    llama_backend_init();
    llama_numa_init(params.numa);
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 set(TARGET llama-run)
 add_executable(${TARGET} run.cpp)
 install(TARGETS ${TARGET} RUNTIME)
-target_link_libraries(${TARGET} PRIVATE llama ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
+target_link_libraries(${TARGET} PRIVATE common llama ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
 target_compile_features(${TARGET} PRIVATE cxx_std_17)
@@ -3,5 +3,47 @@
 The purpose of this example is to demonstrate a minimal usage of llama.cpp for running models.

 ```bash
-./llama-run Meta-Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct.gguf
-...
+llama-run granite-code
+```
+
+```bash
+llama-run -h
+Description:
+  Runs a llm
+
+Usage:
+  llama-run [options] model [prompt]
+
+Options:
+  -c, --context-size <value>
+      Context size (default: 2048)
+  -n, --ngl <value>
+      Number of GPU layers (default: 0)
+  -v, --verbose, --log-verbose
+      Set verbosity level to infinity (i.e. log all messages, useful for debugging)
+  -h, --help
+      Show help message
+
+Commands:
+  model
+      Model is a string with an optional prefix of
+      huggingface:// (hf://), ollama://, https:// or file://.
+      If no protocol is specified and a file exists in the specified
+      path, file:// is assumed, otherwise if a file does not exist in
+      the specified path, ollama:// is assumed. Models that are being
+      pulled are downloaded with .partial extension while being
+      downloaded and then renamed as the file without the .partial
+      extension when complete.
+
+Examples:
+  llama-run llama3
+  llama-run ollama://granite-code
+  llama-run ollama://smollm:135m
+  llama-run hf://QuantFactory/SmolLM-135M-GGUF/SmolLM-135M.Q2_K.gguf
+  llama-run huggingface://bartowski/SmolLM-1.7B-Instruct-v0.2-GGUF/SmolLM-1.7B-Instruct-v0.2-IQ3_M.gguf
+  llama-run https://example.com/some-file1.gguf
+  llama-run some-file2.gguf
+  llama-run file://some-file3.gguf
+  llama-run --ngl 999 some-file4.gguf
+  llama-run --ngl 999 some-file5.gguf Hello World
+```
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ set(TARGET_SRCS
    httplib.h
 )
 set(PUBLIC_ASSETS
-    index.html
+    index.html.gz
    loading.html
 )

@@ -62,8 +62,8 @@ The project is under active development, and we are [looking for feedback and co
 | `--yarn-beta-fast N` | YaRN: low correction dim or beta (default: 32.0)<br/>(env: LLAMA_ARG_YARN_BETA_FAST) |
 | `-dkvc, --dump-kv-cache` | verbose print of the KV cache |
 | `-nkvo, --no-kv-offload` | disable KV offload<br/>(env: LLAMA_ARG_NO_KV_OFFLOAD) |
-| `-ctk, --cache-type-k TYPE` | KV cache data type for K (default: f16)<br/>(env: LLAMA_ARG_CACHE_TYPE_K) |
-| `-ctv, --cache-type-v TYPE` | KV cache data type for V (default: f16)<br/>(env: LLAMA_ARG_CACHE_TYPE_V) |
+| `-ctk, --cache-type-k TYPE` | KV cache data type for K<br/>allowed values: f32, f16, bf16, q8_0, q4_0, q4_1, iq4_nl, q5_0, q5_1<br/>(default: f16)<br/>(env: LLAMA_ARG_CACHE_TYPE_K) |
+| `-ctv, --cache-type-v TYPE` | KV cache data type for V<br/>allowed values: f32, f16, bf16, q8_0, q4_0, q4_1, iq4_nl, q5_0, q5_1<br/>(default: f16)<br/>(env: LLAMA_ARG_CACHE_TYPE_V) |
 | `-dt, --defrag-thold N` | KV cache defragmentation threshold (default: 0.1, < 0 - disabled)<br/>(env: LLAMA_ARG_DEFRAG_THOLD) |
 | `-np, --parallel N` | number of parallel sequences to decode (default: 1)<br/>(env: LLAMA_ARG_N_PARALLEL) |
 | `--mlock` | force system to keep model in RAM rather than swapping or compressing<br/>(env: LLAMA_ARG_MLOCK) |
@@ -104,7 +104,6 @@ The project is under active development, and we are [looking for feedback and co
 | `-s, --seed SEED` | RNG seed (default: -1, use random seed for -1) |
 | `--sampling-seq SEQUENCE` | simplified sequence for samplers that will be used (default: dkypmxt) |
 | `--ignore-eos` | ignore end of stream token and continue generating (implies --logit-bias EOS-inf) |
-| `--penalize-nl` | penalize newline tokens (default: false) |
 | `--temp N` | temperature (default: 0.8) |
 | `--top-k N` | top-k sampling (default: 40, 0 = disabled) |
 | `--top-p N` | top-p sampling (default: 0.9, 1.0 = disabled) |
@@ -138,6 +137,7 @@ The project is under active development, and we are [looking for feedback and co
 | -------- | ----------- |
 | `--no-context-shift` | disables context shift on inifinite text generation (default: disabled)<br/>(env: LLAMA_ARG_NO_CONTEXT_SHIFT) |
 | `-sp, --special` | special tokens output enabled (default: false) |
+| `--no-warmup` | skip warming up the model with an empty run |
 | `--spm-infill` | use Suffix/Prefix/Middle pattern for infill (instead of Prefix/Suffix/Middle) as some models prefer this. (default: disabled) |
 | `--pooling {none,mean,cls,last,rank}` | pooling type for embeddings, use model default if unspecified<br/>(env: LLAMA_ARG_POOLING) |
 | `-cb, --cont-batching` | enable continuous batching (a.k.a dynamic batching) (default: enabled)<br/>(env: LLAMA_ARG_CONT_BATCHING) |
@@ -146,6 +146,7 @@ The project is under active development, and we are [looking for feedback and co
 | `--host HOST` | ip address to listen (default: 127.0.0.1)<br/>(env: LLAMA_ARG_HOST) |
 | `--port PORT` | port to listen (default: 8080)<br/>(env: LLAMA_ARG_PORT) |
 | `--path PATH` | path to serve static files from (default: )<br/>(env: LLAMA_ARG_STATIC_PATH) |
+| `--no-webui` | Disable the Web UI (default: enabled)<br/>(env: LLAMA_ARG_NO_WEBUI) |
 | `--embedding, --embeddings` | restrict to only support embedding use case; use only with dedicated embedding models (default: disabled)<br/>(env: LLAMA_ARG_EMBEDDINGS) |
 | `--reranking, --rerank` | enable reranking endpoint on server (default: disabled)<br/>(env: LLAMA_ARG_RERANKING) |
 | `--api-key KEY` | API key to use for authentication (default: none)<br/>(env: LLAMA_API_KEY) |
@@ -163,13 +164,13 @@ The project is under active development, and we are [looking for feedback and co
 | `--chat-template JINJA_TEMPLATE` | set custom jinja chat template (default: template taken from model's metadata)<br/>if suffix/prefix are specified, template will be disabled<br/>list of built-in templates:<br/>chatglm3, chatglm4, chatml, command-r, deepseek, deepseek2, exaone3, gemma, granite, llama2, llama2-sys, llama2-sys-bos, llama2-sys-strip, llama3, minicpm, mistral-v1, mistral-v3, mistral-v3-tekken, mistral-v7, monarch, openchat, orion, phi3, rwkv-world, vicuna, vicuna-orca, zephyr<br/>(env: LLAMA_ARG_CHAT_TEMPLATE) |
 | `-sps, --slot-prompt-similarity SIMILARITY` | how much the prompt of a request must match the prompt of a slot in order to use that slot (default: 0.50, 0.0 = disabled)<br/> |
 | `--lora-init-without-apply` | load LoRA adapters without applying them (apply later via POST /lora-adapters) (default: disabled) |
-| `--draft-max, --draft, --draft-n N` | number of tokens to draft for speculative decoding (default: 16) |
-| `--draft-min, --draft-n-min N` | minimum number of draft tokens to use for speculative decoding (default: 5) |
-| `--draft-p-min P` | minimum speculative decoding probability (greedy) (default: 0.9) |
-| `-cd, --ctx-size-draft N` | size of the prompt context for the draft model (default: 0, 0 = loaded from model) |
+| `--draft-max, --draft, --draft-n N` | number of tokens to draft for speculative decoding (default: 16)<br/>(env: LLAMA_ARG_DRAFT_MAX) |
+| `--draft-min, --draft-n-min N` | minimum number of draft tokens to use for speculative decoding (default: 5)<br/>(env: LLAMA_ARG_DRAFT_MIN) |
+| `--draft-p-min P` | minimum speculative decoding probability (greedy) (default: 0.9)<br/>(env: LLAMA_ARG_DRAFT_P_MIN) |
+| `-cd, --ctx-size-draft N` | size of the prompt context for the draft model (default: 0, 0 = loaded from model)<br/>(env: LLAMA_ARG_CTX_SIZE_DRAFT) |
 | `-devd, --device-draft <dev1,dev2,..>` | comma-separated list of devices to use for offloading the draft model (none = don't offload)<br/>use --list-devices to see a list of available devices |
-| `-ngld, --gpu-layers-draft, --n-gpu-layers-draft N` | number of layers to store in VRAM for the draft model |
-| `-md, --model-draft FNAME` | draft model for speculative decoding (default: unused) |
+| `-ngld, --gpu-layers-draft, --n-gpu-layers-draft N` | number of layers to store in VRAM for the draft model<br/>(env: LLAMA_ARG_N_GPU_LAYERS_DRAFT) |
+| `-md, --model-draft FNAME` | draft model for speculative decoding (default: unused)<br/>(env: LLAMA_ARG_MODEL_DRAFT) |


 Note: If both command line argument and environment variable are both set for the same param, the argument will take precedence over env var.
@@ -302,23 +303,23 @@ mkdir llama-client
 cd llama-client
 ```

-Create a index.js file and put this inside:
+Create an index.js file and put this inside:

 ```javascript
-const prompt = `Building a website can be done in 10 simple steps:`;
+const prompt = "Building a website can be done in 10 simple steps:"

-async function Test() {
+async function test() {
    let response = await fetch("http://127.0.0.1:8080/completion", {
-        method: 'POST',
+        method: "POST",
        body: JSON.stringify({
            prompt,
-            n_predict: 512,
+            n_predict: 64,
        })
    })
    console.log((await response.json()).content)
 }

-Test()
+test()
 ```

 And run it:
@@ -380,7 +381,7 @@ Multiple prompts are also supported. In this case, the completion result will be
 `n_keep`: Specify the number of tokens from the prompt to retain when the context size is exceeded and tokens need to be discarded. The number excludes the BOS token.
 By default, this value is set to `0`, meaning no tokens are kept. Use `-1` to retain all tokens from the prompt.

-`stream`: It allows receiving each predicted token in real-time instead of waiting for the completion to finish. To enable this, set to `true`.
+`stream`: Allows receiving each predicted token in real-time instead of waiting for the completion to finish (uses a different response format). To enable this, set to `true`.

 `stop`: Specify a JSON array of stopping strings.
 These words will not be included in the completion, so make sure to add them to the prompt for the next iteration. Default: `[]`
@@ -391,8 +392,6 @@ These words will not be included in the completion, so make sure to add them to

 `repeat_last_n`: Last n tokens to consider for penalizing repetition. Default: `64`, where `0` is disabled and `-1` is ctx-size.

-`penalize_nl`: Penalize newline tokens when applying the repeat penalty. Default: `true`
-
 `presence_penalty`: Repeat alpha presence penalty. Default: `0.0`, which is disabled.

 `frequency_penalty`: Repeat alpha frequency penalty. Default: `0.0`, which is disabled.
@@ -439,19 +438,22 @@ These words will not be included in the completion, so make sure to add them to

 `cache_prompt`: Re-use KV cache from a previous request if possible. This way the common prefix does not have to be re-processed, only the suffix that differs between the requests. Because (depending on the backend) the logits are **not** guaranteed to be bit-for-bit identical for different batch sizes (prompt processing vs. token generation) enabling this option can cause nondeterministic results. Default: `true`

+`return_tokens`: Return the raw generated token ids in the `tokens` field. Otherwise `tokens` remains empty. Default: `false`
+
 `samplers`: The order the samplers should be applied in. An array of strings representing sampler type names. If a sampler is not set, it will not be used. If a sampler is specified more than once, it will be applied multiple times. Default: `["dry", "top_k", "typ_p", "top_p", "min_p", "xtc", "temperature"]` - these are all the available values.

-    `timings_per_token`: Include prompt processing and text generation speed information in each response.  Default: `false`
+`timings_per_token`: Include prompt processing and text generation speed information in each response.  Default: `false`

 **Response format**

- Note: When using streaming mode (`stream`), only `content` and `stop` will be returned until end of completion.
+- Note: In streaming mode (`stream`), only `content`, `tokens` and `stop` will be returned until end of completion. Responses are sent using the [Server-sent events](https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/server-sent-events.html) standard. Note: the browser's `EventSource` interface cannot be used due to its lack of `POST` request support.

 - `completion_probabilities`: An array of token probabilities for each completion. The array's length is `n_predict`. Each item in the array has the following structure:

 ```json
 {
-  "content": "<the token selected by the model>",
+  "content": "<the token generated by the model>",
+  "tokens": [ generated token ids if requested ],
  "probs": [
    {
      "prob": float,
@@ -469,6 +471,7 @@ These words will not be included in the completion, so make sure to add them to
 Notice that each `probs` is an array of length `n_probs`.

 - `content`: Completion result as a string (excluding `stopping_word` if any). In case of streaming mode, will contain the next token as a string.
+- `tokens`: Same as `content` but represented as raw token ids. Only populated if `"return_tokens": true` or `"stream": true` in the request.
 - `stop`: Boolean for use with `stream` to check whether the generation has stopped (Note: This is not related to stopping words array `stop` from input options)
 - `generation_settings`: The provided options above excluding `prompt` but including `n_ctx`, `model`. These options may differ from the original ones in some way (e.g. bad values filtered out, strings converted to tokens, etc.).
 - `model`: The path to the model loaded with `-m`
@@ -653,7 +656,6 @@ This endpoint is public (no API key check). By default, it is read-only. To make
      "mirostat": 0,
      "mirostat_tau": 5.0,
      "mirostat_eta": 0.10000000149011612,
-      "penalize_nl": false,
      "stop": [],
      "max_tokens": -1,
      "n_keep": 0,
@@ -761,6 +763,8 @@ curl http://localhost:8080/v1/chat/completions \

 ### POST `/v1/embeddings`: OpenAI-compatible embeddings API

+This endpoint requires that the model uses a pooling different than type `none`. The embeddings are normalized using the Eucledian norm.
+
 *Options:*

 See [OpenAI Embeddings API documentation](https://platform.openai.com/docs/api-reference/embeddings).
@@ -793,6 +797,46 @@ See [OpenAI Embeddings API documentation](https://platform.openai.com/docs/api-r
  }'
  ```

+### POST `/embeddings`: non-OpenAI-compatible embeddings API
+
+This endpoint supports all poolings, including `--pooling none`. When the pooling is `none`, the responses will contain the *unnormalized* embeddings for *all* input tokens. For all other pooling types, only the pooled embeddings are returned, normalized using Euclidian norm.
+
+Note that the response format of this endpoint is different from `/v1/embeddings`.
+
+*Options:*
+
+Same as the `/v1/embeddings` endpoint.
+
+*Examples:*
+
+Same as the `/v1/embeddings` endpoint.
+
+**Response format**
+
+```json
+[
+  {
+    "index": 0,
+    "embedding": [
+      [ ... embeddings for token 0   ... ],
+      [ ... embeddings for token 1   ... ],
+      [ ... ]
+      [ ... embeddings for token N-1 ... ],
+    ]
+  },
+  ...
+  {
+    "index": P,
+    "embedding": [
+      [ ... embeddings for token 0   ... ],
+      [ ... embeddings for token 1   ... ],
+      [ ... ]
+      [ ... embeddings for token N-1 ... ],
+    ]
+  }
+]
+```
+
 ### GET `/slots`: Returns the current slots processing state

 > [!WARNING]
@@ -843,7 +887,6 @@ Example:
      "mirostat": 0,
      "mirostat_tau": 5.0,
      "mirostat_eta": 0.10000000149011612,
-      "penalize_nl": false,
      "stop": [],
      "max_tokens": -1,
      "n_keep": 0,
@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@
      temperature: 0.8, // adapt all following parameters to optimized min-p requierements. If for non-english, set to 0.6 or lower
      repeat_last_n: 0, // 0 = disable penalty, -1 = context size
      repeat_penalty: 1.0, // 1.0 = disabled
-      penalize_nl: false, // true only useful for infinite completion
      dry_multiplier: 0.0, // 0.0 = disabled, 0.8 works well
      dry_base: 1.75,     // 0.0 = disabled
      dry_allowed_length: 2, // tokens extending repetitions beyond this receive penalty, 2 works well
@@ -303,7 +303,6 @@
      temperature: 0.7,
      repeat_last_n: 256, // 0 = disable penalty, -1 = context size
      repeat_penalty: 1.18, // 1.0 = disabled
-      penalize_nl: false,
      dry_multiplier: 0.0, // 0.0 = disabled, 0.8 works well
      dry_base: 1.75,     // 0.0 = disabled
      dry_allowed_length: 2, // tokens extending repetitions beyond this receive penalty, 2 works well
@@ -1006,7 +1005,6 @@
            ${FloatField({ label: "Temperature", max: 2.0, min: 0.0, name: "temperature", step: 0.01, value: params.value.temperature })}
            ${FloatField({ label: "Penalize repeat sequence", max: 2.0, min: 0.0, name: "repeat_penalty", step: 0.01, value: params.value.repeat_penalty })}
            ${IntField({ label: "Consider N tokens for penalize", max: 2048, min: 0, name: "repeat_last_n", value: params.value.repeat_last_n })}
-            ${BoolField({ label: "Penalize repetition of newlines", name: "penalize_nl", value: params.value.penalize_nl })}
            ${IntField({ label: "Top-K sampling", max: 100, min: -1, name: "top_k", value: params.value.top_k })}
            ${FloatField({ label: "Top-P sampling", max: 1.0, min: 0.0, name: "top_p", step: 0.01, value: params.value.top_p })}
            ${FloatField({ label: "Min-P sampling", max: 1.0, min: 0.0, name: "min_p", step: 0.01, value: params.value.min_p })}
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 #define MIMETYPE_JSON "application/json; charset=utf-8"

 // auto generated files (update with ./deps.sh)
-#include "index.html.hpp"
+#include "index.html.gz.hpp"
 #include "loading.html.hpp"

 #include <atomic>
@@ -79,8 +79,9 @@ enum error_type {
 };

 struct slot_params {
-    bool stream       = true;
-    bool cache_prompt = true; // remember the prompt to avoid reprocessing all prompt
+    bool stream        = true;
+    bool cache_prompt  = true; // remember the prompt to avoid reprocessing all prompt
+    bool return_tokens = false;

    int32_t n_keep    =  0; // number of tokens to keep from initial prompt
    int32_t n_discard =  0; // number of tokens after n_keep that may be discarded when shifting context, 0 defaults to half
@@ -135,7 +136,6 @@ struct slot_params {
            {"mirostat",                  sampling.mirostat},
            {"mirostat_tau",              sampling.mirostat_tau},
            {"mirostat_eta",              sampling.mirostat_eta},
-            {"penalize_nl",               sampling.penalize_nl},
            {"stop",                      antiprompt},
            {"max_tokens",                n_predict}, // User configured n_predict
            {"n_keep",                    n_keep},
@@ -184,6 +184,7 @@ struct server_task {

    static slot_params params_from_json_cmpl(
            const llama_model * model,
+            const llama_context * ctx,
            const common_params & params_base,
            const json & data) {
        slot_params params;
@@ -199,6 +200,7 @@ struct server_task {

        params.stream           = json_value(data, "stream",             false);
        params.cache_prompt     = json_value(data, "cache_prompt",       true);
+        params.return_tokens    = json_value(data, "return_tokens",      false);
        params.n_predict        = json_value(data, "n_predict",          json_value(data, "max_tokens", defaults.n_predict));
        params.n_indent         = json_value(data, "n_indent",           defaults.n_indent);
        params.n_keep           = json_value(data, "n_keep",             defaults.n_keep);
@@ -226,7 +228,6 @@ struct server_task {
        params.sampling.mirostat           = json_value(data, "mirostat",           defaults.sampling.mirostat);
        params.sampling.mirostat_tau       = json_value(data, "mirostat_tau",       defaults.sampling.mirostat_tau);
        params.sampling.mirostat_eta       = json_value(data, "mirostat_eta",       defaults.sampling.mirostat_eta);
-        params.sampling.penalize_nl        = json_value(data, "penalize_nl",        defaults.sampling.penalize_nl);
        params.sampling.seed               = json_value(data, "seed",               defaults.sampling.seed);
        params.sampling.n_probs            = json_value(data, "n_probs",            defaults.sampling.n_probs);
        params.sampling.min_keep           = json_value(data, "min_keep",           defaults.sampling.min_keep);
@@ -239,8 +240,27 @@ struct server_task {
        params.speculative.n_min = std::max(params.speculative.n_min, 2);
        params.speculative.n_max = std::max(params.speculative.n_max, 0);

+        // TODO: add more sanity checks for the input parameters
+
+        if (params.sampling.penalty_last_n < -1) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("Error: repeat_last_n must be >= -1");
+        }
+
+        if (params.sampling.dry_penalty_last_n < -1) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("Error: dry_penalty_last_n must be >= -1");
+        }
+
+        if (params.sampling.penalty_last_n == -1) {
+            // note: should be the slot's context and not the full context, but it's ok
+            params.sampling.penalty_last_n = llama_n_ctx(ctx);
+        }
+
+        if (params.sampling.dry_penalty_last_n == -1) {
+            params.sampling.dry_penalty_last_n = llama_n_ctx(ctx);
+        }
+
        if (params.sampling.dry_base < 1.0f) {
-           params.sampling.dry_base = defaults.sampling.dry_base;
+            params.sampling.dry_base = defaults.sampling.dry_base;
        }

        // sequence breakers for DRY
@@ -392,7 +412,7 @@ struct server_task_result {
        return false;
    }
    virtual bool is_stop() {
-        // only used by server_task_result_cmpl_partial
+        // only used by server_task_result_cmpl_*
        return false;
    }
    virtual int get_index() {
@@ -450,7 +470,10 @@ struct completion_token_output {

 struct server_task_result_cmpl_final : server_task_result {
    int index = 0;
-    std::string content;
+
+    std::string  content;
+    llama_tokens tokens;
+
    bool stream;
    result_timings timings;
    std::string prompt;
@@ -459,7 +482,7 @@ struct server_task_result_cmpl_final : server_task_result {
    int32_t n_decoded;
    int32_t n_prompt_tokens;
    int32_t n_tokens_cached;
-    int32_t has_new_line;
+    bool has_new_line;
    std::string stopping_word;
    stop_type stop = STOP_TYPE_NONE;

@@ -478,14 +501,21 @@ struct server_task_result_cmpl_final : server_task_result {
        return index;
    }

+    virtual bool is_stop() override {
+        return true; // in stream mode, final responses are considered stop
+    }
+
    virtual json to_json() override {
-        return oaicompat ? to_json_oaicompat_chat() : to_json_non_oaicompat();
+        return oaicompat
+            ? (stream ? to_json_oaicompat_chat_stream() : to_json_oaicompat_chat())
+            : to_json_non_oaicompat();
    }

    json to_json_non_oaicompat() {
        json res = json {
            {"index",               index},
-            {"content",             content},
+            {"content",             stream ? "" : content}, // in stream mode, content is already in last partial chunk
+            {"tokens",              stream ? llama_tokens {} : tokens},
            {"id_slot",             id_slot},
            {"stop",                true},
            {"model",               oaicompat_model},
@@ -515,9 +545,9 @@ struct server_task_result_cmpl_final : server_task_result {
        json choices = json::array({json{
            {"finish_reason", finish_reason},
            {"index", 0},
-            {"message", json{
+            {"message", json {
                {"content", content},
-                {"role", "assistant"}
+                {"role",    "assistant"}
            }
        }}});

@@ -546,18 +576,48 @@ struct server_task_result_cmpl_final : server_task_result {

        return res;
    }
+
+    json to_json_oaicompat_chat_stream() {
+        std::time_t t = std::time(0);
+        std::string finish_reason = "length";
+        if (stop == STOP_TYPE_WORD || stop == STOP_TYPE_EOS) {
+            finish_reason = "stop";
+        }
+
+        json choices = json::array({json{{"finish_reason", finish_reason},
+                                        {"index", 0},
+                                        {"delta", json::object()}}});
+
+        json ret = json {
+            {"choices", choices},
+            {"created", t},
+            {"id",      oaicompat_cmpl_id},
+            {"model",   oaicompat_model},
+            {"object",  "chat.completion.chunk"},
+            {"usage", json {
+                {"completion_tokens", n_decoded},
+                {"prompt_tokens",     n_prompt_tokens},
+                {"total_tokens",      n_decoded + n_prompt_tokens},
+            }},
+        };
+
+        if (timings.prompt_n >= 0) {
+            ret.push_back({"timings", timings.to_json()});
+        }
+
+        return ret;
+    }
 };

 struct server_task_result_cmpl_partial : server_task_result {
    int index = 0;
-    std::string content;

-    bool truncated;
+    std::string  content;
+    llama_tokens tokens;
+
    int32_t n_decoded;
    int32_t n_prompt_tokens;

-    stop_type stop = STOP_TYPE_NONE;
-
    std::vector<completion_token_output> probs_output;
    result_timings timings;

@@ -573,20 +633,20 @@ struct server_task_result_cmpl_partial : server_task_result {
    }

    virtual bool is_stop() override {
-        return stop != STOP_TYPE_NONE;
+        return false; // in stream mode, partial responses are not considered stop
    }

    virtual json to_json() override {
-        if (oaicompat) {
-            return to_json_oaicompat();
-        }
-        bool is_stop = stop != STOP_TYPE_NONE;
+        return oaicompat ? to_json_oaicompat() : to_json_non_oaicompat();
+    }
+
+    json to_json_non_oaicompat() {
        // non-OAI-compat JSON
        json res = json {
            {"index",            index},
            {"content",          content},
-            {"stop_type",        stop_type_to_str(stop)},
-            {"stop",             is_stop},
+            {"tokens",           tokens},
+            {"stop",             false},
            {"id_slot",          id_slot},
            {"tokens_predicted", n_decoded},
            {"tokens_evaluated", n_prompt_tokens},
@@ -598,72 +658,54 @@ struct server_task_result_cmpl_partial : server_task_result {
        if (!probs_output.empty()) {
            res["completion_probabilities"] = completion_token_output::probs_vector_to_json(probs_output);
        }
-        if (is_stop) {
-            res.push_back({"truncated", truncated});
-        }
        return res;
    }

    json to_json_oaicompat() {
        bool first = n_decoded == 0;
-
-        std::string finish_reason;
-        if (stop == STOP_TYPE_WORD || stop == STOP_TYPE_EOS) {
-            finish_reason = "stop";
-        } else if (stop == STOP_TYPE_LIMIT) {
-            finish_reason = "length";
-        }
-
        std::time_t t = std::time(0);
-
        json choices;

-        if (!finish_reason.empty()) {
-            choices = json::array({json{{"finish_reason", finish_reason},
-                                        {"index", 0},
-                                        {"delta", json::object()}}});
-        } else {
-            if (first) {
-                if (content.empty()) {
-                    choices = json::array({json{{"finish_reason", nullptr},
-                                                {"index", 0},
-                                                {"delta", json{{"role", "assistant"}}}}});
-                } else {
-                    // We have to send this as two updates to conform to openai behavior
-                    json initial_ret = json{{"choices", json::array({json{
-                                            {"finish_reason", nullptr},
+        if (first) {
+            if (content.empty()) {
+                choices = json::array({json{{"finish_reason", nullptr},
                                            {"index", 0},
-                                            {"delta", json{
-                                                {"role", "assistant"}
-                                            }}}})},
-                                {"created", t},
-                                {"id", oaicompat_cmpl_id},
-                                {"model", oaicompat_model},
-                                {"object", "chat.completion.chunk"}};
-
-                    json second_ret = json{
-                                {"choices", json::array({json{{"finish_reason", nullptr},
-                                                                {"index", 0},
-                                                                {"delta", json{
-                                                                {"content", content}}}
-                                                                }})},
-                                {"created", t},
-                                {"id", oaicompat_cmpl_id},
-                                {"model", oaicompat_model},
-                                {"object", "chat.completion.chunk"}};
-
-                    return std::vector<json>({initial_ret, second_ret});
-                }
+                                            {"delta", json{{"role", "assistant"}}}}});
            } else {
-                choices = json::array({json{
-                    {"finish_reason", nullptr},
-                    {"index", 0},
-                    {"delta",
-                    json{
-                        {"content", content},
-                    }},
-                }});
+                // We have to send this as two updates to conform to openai behavior
+                json initial_ret = json{{"choices", json::array({json{
+                                        {"finish_reason", nullptr},
+                                        {"index", 0},
+                                        {"delta", json{
+                                            {"role", "assistant"}
+                                        }}}})},
+                            {"created", t},
+                            {"id", oaicompat_cmpl_id},
+                            {"model", oaicompat_model},
+                            {"object", "chat.completion.chunk"}};
+
+                json second_ret = json{
+                            {"choices", json::array({json{{"finish_reason", nullptr},
+                                                            {"index", 0},
+                                                            {"delta", json {
+                                                            {"content", content}}}
+                                                            }})},
+                            {"created", t},
+                            {"id", oaicompat_cmpl_id},
+                            {"model", oaicompat_model},
+                            {"object", "chat.completion.chunk"}};
+
+                return std::vector<json>({initial_ret, second_ret});
            }
+        } else {
+            choices = json::array({json{
+                {"finish_reason", nullptr},
+                {"index", 0},
+                {"delta",
+                json {
+                    {"content", content},
+                }},
+            }});
        }

        json ret = json {
@@ -678,46 +720,58 @@ struct server_task_result_cmpl_partial : server_task_result {
            ret.push_back({"timings", timings.to_json()});
        }

-        if (!finish_reason.empty()) {
-            ret.push_back({"usage", json {
-                {"completion_tokens", n_decoded},
-                {"prompt_tokens",     n_prompt_tokens},
-                {"total_tokens",      n_decoded + n_prompt_tokens},
-            }});
-        }
-
        return std::vector<json>({ret});
    }
 };

 struct server_task_result_embd : server_task_result {
    int index = 0;
-    std::vector<float> embedding;
+    std::vector<std::vector<float>> embedding;
+
+    int32_t n_tokens;
+
+    // OAI-compat fields
+    bool oaicompat = false;

    virtual int get_index() override {
        return index;
    }

    virtual json to_json() override {
+        return oaicompat ? to_json_oaicompat() : to_json_non_oaicompat();
+    }
+
+    json to_json_non_oaicompat() {
        return json {
            {"index",     index},
            {"embedding", embedding},
        };
    }
+
+    json to_json_oaicompat() {
+        return json {
+            {"index",            index},
+            {"embedding",        embedding[0]},
+            {"tokens_evaluated", n_tokens},
+        };
+    }
 };

 struct server_task_result_rerank : server_task_result {
    int index = 0;
    float score = -1e6;

+    int32_t n_tokens;
+
    virtual int get_index() override {
        return index;
    }

    virtual json to_json() override {
        return json {
-            {"index", index},
-            {"score", score},
+            {"index",            index},
+            {"score",            score},
+            {"tokens_evaluated", n_tokens},
        };
    }
 };
@@ -924,8 +978,11 @@ struct server_slot {

    size_t last_nl_pos = 0;

-    std::string generated_text;
+    std::string  generated_text;
+    llama_tokens generated_tokens;
+
    llama_tokens cache_tokens;
+
    std::vector<completion_token_output> generated_token_probs;

    bool has_next_token = true;
@@ -969,6 +1026,7 @@ struct server_slot {
        n_sent_token_probs = 0;
        task_type          = SERVER_TASK_TYPE_COMPLETION;

+        generated_tokens.clear();
        generated_token_probs.clear();
    }

@@ -1072,9 +1130,9 @@ struct server_slot {

        SLT_INF(*this,
                "\n"
-                "\rprompt eval time = %10.2f ms / %5d tokens (%8.2f ms per token, %8.2f tokens per second)\n"
-                "\r       eval time = %10.2f ms / %5d tokens (%8.2f ms per token, %8.2f tokens per second)\n"
-                "\r      total time = %10.2f ms / %5d tokens\n",
+                "prompt eval time = %10.2f ms / %5d tokens (%8.2f ms per token, %8.2f tokens per second)\n"
+                "       eval time = %10.2f ms / %5d tokens (%8.2f ms per token, %8.2f tokens per second)\n"
+                "      total time = %10.2f ms / %5d tokens\n",
                t_prompt_processing, n_prompt_tokens_processed, t_prompt, n_prompt_second,
                t_token_generation, n_decoded, t_gen, n_gen_second,
                t_prompt_processing + t_token_generation, n_prompt_tokens_processed + n_decoded);
@@ -1462,7 +1520,7 @@ struct server_context {
        n_ctx = llama_n_ctx(ctx);

        add_bos_token = llama_add_bos_token(model);
-        has_eos_token = !llama_add_eos_token(model);
+        has_eos_token = llama_token_eos(model) != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL;

        if (!params_base.speculative.model.empty()) {
            SRV_INF("loading draft model '%s'\n", params_base.speculative.model.c_str());
@@ -1709,8 +1767,10 @@ struct server_context {
        const std::string token_str = common_token_to_piece(ctx, result.tok, params_base.special);
        slot.sampled = result.tok;

-        // search stop word and delete it
        slot.generated_text += token_str;
+        if (slot.params.return_tokens) {
+            slot.generated_tokens.push_back(result.tok);
+        }
        slot.has_next_token = true;

        // check if there is incomplete UTF-8 character at the end
@@ -1735,6 +1795,7 @@ struct server_context {
            break;
        }

+        // search stop word and delete it
        if (!incomplete) {
            size_t pos = std::min(slot.n_sent_text, slot.generated_text.size());

@@ -1887,13 +1948,11 @@ struct server_context {
        res->id      = slot.id_task;
        res->index   = slot.index;
        res->content = tkn.text_to_send;
+        res->tokens  = { tkn.tok };

-        res->truncated       = slot.truncated;
        res->n_decoded       = slot.n_decoded;
        res->n_prompt_tokens = slot.n_prompt_tokens;

-        res->stop = slot.stop;
-
        res->verbose           = slot.params.verbose;
        res->oaicompat         = slot.params.oaicompat;
        res->oaicompat_chat    = slot.params.oaicompat_chat;
@@ -1924,18 +1983,13 @@ struct server_context {
    }

    void send_final_response(server_slot & slot) {
-        if (slot.params.stream) {
-            // if in stream mode, send the last partial response
-            send_partial_response(slot, {0, "", {}});
-            return;
-        }
-
        auto res = std::make_unique<server_task_result_cmpl_final>();
        res->id              = slot.id_task;
        res->id_slot         = slot.id;

        res->index           = slot.index;
        res->content         = slot.generated_text;
+        res->tokens          = slot.generated_tokens;
        res->timings         = slot.get_timings();
        res->prompt          = common_detokenize(ctx, slot.prompt_tokens, true);

@@ -1948,6 +2002,7 @@ struct server_context {
        res->stop            = slot.stop;

        res->verbose           = slot.params.verbose;
+        res->stream            = slot.params.stream;
        res->oaicompat         = slot.params.oaicompat;
        res->oaicompat_chat    = slot.params.oaicompat_chat;
        res->oaicompat_model   = slot.params.oaicompat_model;
@@ -1976,8 +2031,10 @@ struct server_context {

    void send_embedding(const server_slot & slot, const llama_batch & batch) {
        auto res = std::make_unique<server_task_result_embd>();
-        res->id    = slot.id_task;
-        res->index = slot.index;
+        res->id        = slot.id_task;
+        res->index     = slot.index;
+        res->n_tokens  = slot.n_prompt_tokens;
+        res->oaicompat = slot.params.oaicompat;

        const int n_embd = llama_n_embd(model);

@@ -1996,12 +2053,18 @@ struct server_context {
            if (embd == NULL) {
                SLT_ERR(slot, "failed to get embeddings, token = %d, seq_id = %d\n", batch.token[i], batch.seq_id[i][0]);

-                res->embedding = std::vector<float>(n_embd, 0.0f);
+                res->embedding.push_back(std::vector<float>(n_embd, 0.0f));
                continue;
            }

-            common_embd_normalize(embd, embd_res.data(), n_embd);
-            res->embedding = embd_res;
+            // normalize only when there is pooling
+            // TODO: configurable
+            if (llama_pooling_type(slot.ctx) != LLAMA_POOLING_TYPE_NONE) {
+                common_embd_normalize(embd, embd_res.data(), n_embd, 2);
+                res->embedding.push_back(embd_res);
+            } else {
+                res->embedding.push_back({ embd, embd + n_embd });
+            }
        }

        SLT_DBG(slot, "%s", "sending embeddings\n");
@@ -2013,6 +2076,7 @@ struct server_context {
        auto res = std::make_unique<server_task_result_rerank>();
        res->id    = slot.id_task;
        res->index = slot.index;
+        res->n_tokens = slot.n_prompt_tokens;

        for (int i = 0; i < batch.n_tokens; ++i) {
            if (!batch.logits[i] || batch.seq_id[i][0] != slot.id) {
@@ -2100,7 +2164,10 @@ struct server_context {
                return;
            }

-            GGML_ASSERT(dynamic_cast<server_task_result_cmpl_partial*>(result.get()) != nullptr);
+            GGML_ASSERT(
+                dynamic_cast<server_task_result_cmpl_partial*>(result.get()) != nullptr
+                || dynamic_cast<server_task_result_cmpl_final*>(result.get()) != nullptr
+            );
            if (!result_handler(result)) {
                cancel_tasks(id_tasks);
                break;
@@ -2611,7 +2678,10 @@ struct server_context {

                    // add prompt tokens for processing in the current batch
                    while (slot.n_past < slot.n_prompt_tokens && batch.n_tokens < n_batch) {
-                        common_batch_add(batch, prompt_tokens[slot.n_past], slot.n_past, { slot.id }, false);
+                        // without pooling, we want to output the embeddings for all the tokens in the batch
+                        const bool need_embd = slot.task_type == SERVER_TASK_TYPE_EMBEDDING && llama_pooling_type(slot.ctx) == LLAMA_POOLING_TYPE_NONE;
+
+                        common_batch_add(batch, prompt_tokens[slot.n_past], slot.n_past, { slot.id }, need_embd);

                        if (slot.params.cache_prompt) {
                            slot.cache_tokens.push_back(prompt_tokens[slot.n_past]);
@@ -3379,7 +3449,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
                task.index = i;

                task.prompt_tokens    = std::move(tokenized_prompts[i]);
-                task.params           = server_task::params_from_json_cmpl(ctx_server.model, ctx_server.params_base, data);
+                task.params           = server_task::params_from_json_cmpl(ctx_server.model, ctx_server.ctx, ctx_server.params_base, data);
                task.id_selected_slot = json_value(data, "id_slot", -1);

                // OAI-compat
@@ -3482,6 +3552,11 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
        json data = json::parse(req.body);

        // validate input
+        if (data.contains("prompt") && !data.at("prompt").is_string()) {
+            // prompt is optional
+            res_error(res, format_error_response("\"prompt\" must be a string", ERROR_TYPE_INVALID_REQUEST));
+        }
+
        if (!data.contains("input_prefix")) {
            res_error(res, format_error_response("\"input_prefix\" is required", ERROR_TYPE_INVALID_REQUEST));
        }
@@ -3491,9 +3566,11 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
        }

        if (data.contains("input_extra") && !data.at("input_extra").is_array()) {
+            // input_extra is optional
            res_error(res, format_error_response("\"input_extra\" must be an array of {\"filename\": string, \"text\": string}", ERROR_TYPE_INVALID_REQUEST));
            return;
        }
+
        json input_extra = json_value(data, "input_extra", json::array());
        for (const auto & chunk : input_extra) {
            // { "text": string, "filename": string }
@@ -3509,6 +3586,21 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
        }
        data["input_extra"] = input_extra; // default to empty array if it's not exist

+        std::string prompt = json_value(data, "prompt", std::string());
+        std::vector<llama_tokens> tokenized_prompts = tokenize_input_prompts(ctx_server.ctx, prompt, true, true);
+        SRV_DBG("creating infill tasks, n_prompts = %d\n", (int) tokenized_prompts.size());
+        data["prompt"] = format_infill(
+            ctx_server.ctx,
+            data.at("input_prefix"),
+            data.at("input_suffix"),
+            data.at("input_extra"),
+            ctx_server.params_base.n_batch,
+            ctx_server.params_base.n_predict,
+            ctx_server.slots[0].n_ctx, // TODO: there should be a better way
+            ctx_server.params_base.spm_infill,
+            tokenized_prompts[0]
+        );
+
        return handle_completions_generic(SERVER_TASK_TYPE_INFILL, data, res);
    };

@@ -3597,34 +3689,50 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
        res_ok(res, data);
    };

-    const auto handle_embeddings = [&ctx_server, &res_error, &res_ok](const httplib::Request & req, httplib::Response & res) {
+    const auto handle_embeddings_impl = [&ctx_server, &res_error, &res_ok](const httplib::Request & req, httplib::Response & res, bool oaicompat) {
        const json body = json::parse(req.body);
-        bool oaicompat = false;

-        // an input prompt can be a string or a list of tokens (integer)
+        if (oaicompat && llama_pooling_type(ctx_server.ctx) == LLAMA_POOLING_TYPE_NONE) {
+            res_error(res, format_error_response("Pooling type 'none' is not OAI compatible. Please use a different pooling type", ERROR_TYPE_INVALID_REQUEST));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // for the shape of input/content, see tokenize_input_prompts()
        json prompt;
        if (body.count("input") != 0) {
-            oaicompat = true;
            prompt = body.at("input");
-        } else if (body.count("content") != 0) {
-            // with "content", we only support single prompt
-            prompt = std::vector<std::string>{body.at("content")};
+        } else if (body.contains("content")) {
+            oaicompat = false;
+            prompt = body.at("content");
        } else {
            res_error(res, format_error_response("\"input\" or \"content\" must be provided", ERROR_TYPE_INVALID_REQUEST));
            return;
        }

+        std::vector<llama_tokens> tokenized_prompts = tokenize_input_prompts(ctx_server.ctx, prompt, true, true);
+        for (const auto & tokens : tokenized_prompts) {
+            // this check is necessary for models that do not add BOS token to the input
+            if (tokens.empty()) {
+                res_error(res, format_error_response("Input content cannot be empty", ERROR_TYPE_INVALID_REQUEST));
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
        // create and queue the task
        json responses = json::array();
        bool error = false;
        {
            std::vector<server_task> tasks;
-            std::vector<llama_tokens> tokenized_prompts = tokenize_input_prompts(ctx_server.ctx, prompt, /* add_special */ false, true);
            for (size_t i = 0; i < tokenized_prompts.size(); i++) {
-                server_task task   = server_task(SERVER_TASK_TYPE_EMBEDDING);
+                server_task task = server_task(SERVER_TASK_TYPE_EMBEDDING);
+
                task.id            = ctx_server.queue_tasks.get_new_id();
                task.index         = i;
                task.prompt_tokens = std::move(tokenized_prompts[i]);
+
+                // OAI-compat
+                task.params.oaicompat = oaicompat;
+
                tasks.push_back(task);
            }

@@ -3652,12 +3760,18 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
        }

        // write JSON response
-        json root = oaicompat
-            ? format_embeddings_response_oaicompat(body, responses)
-            : responses.size() == 1 ? responses[0] : json(responses);
+        json root = oaicompat ? format_embeddings_response_oaicompat(body, responses) : json(responses);
        res_ok(res, root);
    };

+    const auto handle_embeddings = [&handle_embeddings_impl](const httplib::Request & req, httplib::Response & res) {
+        handle_embeddings_impl(req, res, false);
+    };
+
+    const auto handle_embeddings_oai = [&handle_embeddings_impl](const httplib::Request & req, httplib::Response & res) {
+        handle_embeddings_impl(req, res, true);
+    };
+
    const auto handle_rerank = [&ctx_server, &res_error, &res_ok](const httplib::Request & req, httplib::Response & res) {
        if (!ctx_server.params_base.reranking || ctx_server.params_base.embedding) {
            res_error(res, format_error_response("This server does not support reranking. Start it with `--reranking` and without `--embedding`", ERROR_TYPE_NOT_SUPPORTED));
@@ -3791,20 +3905,29 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
    // Router
    //

-    // register static assets routes
-    if (!params.public_path.empty()) {
-        // Set the base directory for serving static files
-        bool is_found = svr->set_mount_point("/", params.public_path);
-        if (!is_found) {
-            LOG_ERR("%s: static assets path not found: %s\n", __func__, params.public_path.c_str());
-            return 1;
-        }
+    if (!params.webui) {
+        LOG_INF("Web UI is disabled\n");
    } else {
-        // using embedded static index.html
-        svr->Get("/", [](const httplib::Request &, httplib::Response & res) {
-            res.set_content(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(index_html), index_html_len, "text/html; charset=utf-8");
-            return false;
-        });
+        // register static assets routes
+        if (!params.public_path.empty()) {
+            // Set the base directory for serving static files
+            bool is_found = svr->set_mount_point("/", params.public_path);
+            if (!is_found) {
+                LOG_ERR("%s: static assets path not found: %s\n", __func__, params.public_path.c_str());
+                return 1;
+            }
+        } else {
+            // using embedded static index.html
+            svr->Get("/", [](const httplib::Request & req, httplib::Response & res) {
+                if (req.get_header_value("Accept-Encoding").find("gzip") == std::string::npos) {
+                    res.set_content("Error: gzip is not supported by this browser", "text/plain");
+                } else {
+                    res.set_header("Content-Encoding", "gzip");
+                    res.set_content(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(index_html_gz), index_html_gz_len, "text/html; charset=utf-8");
+                }
+                return false;
+            });
+        }
    }

    // register API routes
@@ -3822,7 +3945,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
    svr->Post("/infill",              handle_infill);
    svr->Post("/embedding",           handle_embeddings); // legacy
    svr->Post("/embeddings",          handle_embeddings);
-    svr->Post("/v1/embeddings",       handle_embeddings);
+    svr->Post("/v1/embeddings",       handle_embeddings_oai);
    svr->Post("/rerank",              handle_rerank);
    svr->Post("/reranking",           handle_rerank);
    svr->Post("/v1/rerank",           handle_rerank);
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import pytest
+import requests
 from utils import *

 server = ServerPreset.tinyllama2()
@@ -76,3 +77,20 @@ def test_load_split_model():
    })
    assert res.status_code == 200
    assert match_regex("(little|girl)+", res.body["content"])
+
+
+def test_no_webui():
+    global server
+    # default: webui enabled
+    server.start()
+    url = f"http://{server.server_host}:{server.server_port}"
+    res = requests.get(url)
+    assert res.status_code == 200
+    assert "<html>" in res.text
+    server.stop()
+
+    # with --no-webui
+    server.no_webui = True
+    server.start()
+    res = requests.get(url)
+    assert res.status_code == 404
@@ -10,22 +10,29 @@ def create_server():
    global server
    server = ServerPreset.tinyllama2()

-@pytest.mark.parametrize("prompt,n_predict,re_content,n_prompt,n_predicted,truncated", [
-    ("I believe the meaning of life is", 8, "(going|bed)+", 18, 8, False),
-    ("Write a joke about AI from a very long prompt which will not be truncated", 256, "(princesses|everyone|kids|Anna|forest)+", 46, 64, False),
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("prompt,n_predict,re_content,n_prompt,n_predicted,truncated,return_tokens", [
+    ("I believe the meaning of life is", 8, "(going|bed)+", 18, 8, False, False),
+    ("Write a joke about AI from a very long prompt which will not be truncated", 256, "(princesses|everyone|kids|Anna|forest)+", 46, 64, False, True),
 ])
-def test_completion(prompt: str, n_predict: int, re_content: str, n_prompt: int, n_predicted: int, truncated: bool):
+def test_completion(prompt: str, n_predict: int, re_content: str, n_prompt: int, n_predicted: int, truncated: bool, return_tokens: bool):
    global server
    server.start()
    res = server.make_request("POST", "/completion", data={
        "n_predict": n_predict,
        "prompt": prompt,
+        "return_tokens": return_tokens,
    })
    assert res.status_code == 200
    assert res.body["timings"]["prompt_n"] == n_prompt
    assert res.body["timings"]["predicted_n"] == n_predicted
    assert res.body["truncated"] == truncated
+    assert type(res.body["has_new_line"]) == bool
    assert match_regex(re_content, res.body["content"])
+    if return_tokens:
+        assert len(res.body["tokens"]) > 0
+        assert all(type(tok) == int for tok in res.body["tokens"])
+    else:
+        assert res.body["tokens"] == []


@pytest.mark.parametrize("prompt,n_predict,re_content,n_prompt,n_predicted,truncated", [
@@ -42,12 +49,21 @@ def test_completion_stream(prompt: str, n_predict: int, re_content: str, n_promp
    })
    content = ""
    for data in res:
+        assert "stop" in data and type(data["stop"]) == bool
        if data["stop"]:
            assert data["timings"]["prompt_n"] == n_prompt
            assert data["timings"]["predicted_n"] == n_predicted
            assert data["truncated"] == truncated
+            assert data["stop_type"] == "limit"
+            assert type(data["has_new_line"]) == bool
+            assert "generation_settings" in data
+            assert server.n_predict is not None
+            assert data["generation_settings"]["n_predict"] == min(n_predict, server.n_predict)
+            assert data["generation_settings"]["seed"] == server.seed
            assert match_regex(re_content, content)
        else:
+            assert len(data["tokens"]) > 0
+            assert all(type(tok) == int for tok in data["tokens"])
            content += data["content"]


@@ -14,8 +14,9 @@ def create_server():

 def test_embedding_single():
    global server
+    server.pooling = 'last'
    server.start()
-    res = server.make_request("POST", "/embeddings", data={
+    res = server.make_request("POST", "/v1/embeddings", data={
        "input": "I believe the meaning of life is",
    })
    assert res.status_code == 200
@@ -29,8 +30,9 @@ def test_embedding_single():

 def test_embedding_multiple():
    global server
+    server.pooling = 'last'
    server.start()
-    res = server.make_request("POST", "/embeddings", data={
+    res = server.make_request("POST", "/v1/embeddings", data={
        "input": [
            "I believe the meaning of life is",
            "Write a joke about AI from a very long prompt which will not be truncated",
@@ -45,10 +47,69 @@ def test_embedding_multiple():
        assert len(d['embedding']) > 1


-def test_embedding_openai_library_single():
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "input,is_multi_prompt",
+    [
+        # single prompt
+        ("string", False),
+        ([12, 34, 56], False),
+        ([12, 34, "string", 56, 78], False),
+        # multiple prompts
+        (["string1", "string2"], True),
+        (["string1", [12, 34, 56]], True),
+        ([[12, 34, 56], [12, 34, 56]], True),
+        ([[12, 34, 56], [12, "string", 34, 56]], True),
+    ]
+)
+def test_embedding_mixed_input(input, is_multi_prompt: bool):
    global server
    server.start()
-    client = OpenAI(api_key="dummy", base_url=f"http://{server.server_host}:{server.server_port}")
+    res = server.make_request("POST", "/v1/embeddings", data={"input": input})
+    assert res.status_code == 200
+    data = res.body['data']
+    if is_multi_prompt:
+        assert len(data) == len(input)
+        for d in data:
+            assert 'embedding' in d
+            assert len(d['embedding']) > 1
+    else:
+        assert 'embedding' in data[0]
+        assert len(data[0]['embedding']) > 1
+
+
+def test_embedding_pooling_none():
+    global server
+    server.pooling = 'none'
+    server.start()
+    res = server.make_request("POST", "/embeddings", data={
+        "input": "hello hello hello",
+    })
+    assert res.status_code == 200
+    assert 'embedding' in res.body[0]
+    assert len(res.body[0]['embedding']) == 5 # 3 text tokens + 2 special
+
+    # make sure embedding vector is not normalized
+    for x in res.body[0]['embedding']:
+        assert abs(sum([x ** 2 for x in x]) - 1) > EPSILON
+
+
+def test_embedding_pooling_none_oai():
+    global server
+    server.pooling = 'none'
+    server.start()
+    res = server.make_request("POST", "/v1/embeddings", data={
+        "input": "hello hello hello",
+    })
+
+    # /v1/embeddings does not support pooling type 'none'
+    assert res.status_code == 400
+
+
+def test_embedding_openai_library_single():
+    global server
+    server.pooling = 'last'
+    server.start()
+    client = OpenAI(api_key="dummy", base_url=f"http://{server.server_host}:{server.server_port}/v1")
    res = client.embeddings.create(model="text-embedding-3-small", input="I believe the meaning of life is")
    assert len(res.data) == 1
    assert len(res.data[0].embedding) > 1
@@ -56,8 +117,9 @@ def test_embedding_openai_library_single():

 def test_embedding_openai_library_multiple():
    global server
+    server.pooling = 'last'
    server.start()
-    client = OpenAI(api_key="dummy", base_url=f"http://{server.server_host}:{server.server_port}")
+    client = OpenAI(api_key="dummy", base_url=f"http://{server.server_host}:{server.server_port}/v1")
    res = client.embeddings.create(model="text-embedding-3-small", input=[
        "I believe the meaning of life is",
        "Write a joke about AI from a very long prompt which will not be truncated",
@@ -71,8 +133,9 @@ def test_embedding_openai_library_multiple():

 def test_embedding_error_prompt_too_long():
    global server
+    server.pooling = 'last'
    server.start()
-    res = server.make_request("POST", "/embeddings", data={
+    res = server.make_request("POST", "/v1/embeddings", data={
        "input": "This is a test " * 512,
    })
    assert res.status_code != 200
@@ -80,8 +143,9 @@ def test_embedding_error_prompt_too_long():


 def test_same_prompt_give_same_result():
+    server.pooling = 'last'
    server.start()
-    res = server.make_request("POST", "/embeddings", data={
+    res = server.make_request("POST", "/v1/embeddings", data={
        "input": [
            "I believe the meaning of life is",
            "I believe the meaning of life is",
@@ -97,3 +161,33 @@ def test_same_prompt_give_same_result():
        vi = res.body['data'][i]['embedding']
        for x, y in zip(v0, vi):
            assert abs(x - y) < EPSILON
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "content,n_tokens",
+    [
+        ("I believe the meaning of life is", 9),
+        ("This is a test", 6),
+    ]
+)
+def test_embedding_usage_single(content, n_tokens):
+    global server
+    server.start()
+    res = server.make_request("POST", "/v1/embeddings", data={"input": content})
+    assert res.status_code == 200
+    assert res.body['usage']['prompt_tokens'] == res.body['usage']['total_tokens']
+    assert res.body['usage']['prompt_tokens'] == n_tokens
+
+
+def test_embedding_usage_multiple():
+    global server
+    server.start()
+    res = server.make_request("POST", "/v1/embeddings", data={
+        "input": [
+            "I believe the meaning of life is",
+            "I believe the meaning of life is",
+        ],
+    })
+    assert res.status_code == 200
+    assert res.body['usage']['prompt_tokens'] == res.body['usage']['total_tokens']
+    assert res.body['usage']['prompt_tokens'] == 2 * 9
@@ -13,28 +13,28 @@ def test_infill_without_input_extra():
    global server
    server.start()
    res = server.make_request("POST", "/infill", data={
-        "prompt": "Complete this",
-        "input_prefix": "#include <cstdio>\n#include \"llama.h\"\n\nint main() {\n    int n_threads = llama_",
+        "input_prefix": "#include <cstdio>\n#include \"llama.h\"\n\nint main() {\n",
+        "prompt": "    int n_threads = llama_",
        "input_suffix": "}\n",
    })
    assert res.status_code == 200
-    assert match_regex("(One|day|she|saw|big|scary|bird)+", res.body["content"])
+    assert match_regex("(Ann|small|shiny)+", res.body["content"])


 def test_infill_with_input_extra():
    global server
    server.start()
    res = server.make_request("POST", "/infill", data={
-        "prompt": "Complete this",
        "input_extra": [{
            "filename": "llama.h",
            "text": "LLAMA_API int32_t llama_n_threads();\n"
        }],
-        "input_prefix": "#include <cstdio>\n#include \"llama.h\"\n\nint main() {\n    int n_threads = llama_",
+        "input_prefix": "#include <cstdio>\n#include \"llama.h\"\n\nint main() {\n",
+        "prompt": "    int n_threads = llama_",
        "input_suffix": "}\n",
    })
    assert res.status_code == 200
-    assert match_regex("(cuts|Jimmy|mom|came|into|the|room)+", res.body["content"])
+    assert match_regex("(Dad|excited|park)+", res.body["content"])


@pytest.mark.parametrize("input_extra", [
@@ -48,10 +48,30 @@ def test_invalid_input_extra_req(input_extra):
    global server
    server.start()
    res = server.make_request("POST", "/infill", data={
-        "prompt": "Complete this",
        "input_extra": [input_extra],
-        "input_prefix": "#include <cstdio>\n#include \"llama.h\"\n\nint main() {\n    int n_threads = llama_",
+        "input_prefix": "#include <cstdio>\n#include \"llama.h\"\n\nint main() {\n",
+        "prompt": "    int n_threads = llama_",
        "input_suffix": "}\n",
    })
    assert res.status_code == 400
    assert "error" in res.body
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not is_slow_test_allowed(), reason="skipping slow test")
+def test_with_qwen_model():
+    global server
+    server.model_file = None
+    server.model_hf_repo = "ggml-org/Qwen2.5-Coder-1.5B-IQ3_XXS-GGUF"
+    server.model_hf_file = "qwen2.5-coder-1.5b-iq3_xxs-imat.gguf"
+    server.start(timeout_seconds=600)
+    res = server.make_request("POST", "/infill", data={
+        "input_extra": [{
+            "filename": "llama.h",
+            "text": "LLAMA_API int32_t llama_n_threads();\n"
+        }],
+        "input_prefix": "#include <cstdio>\n#include \"llama.h\"\n\nint main() {\n",
+        "prompt": "    int n_threads = llama_",
+        "input_suffix": "}\n",
+    })
+    assert res.status_code == 200
+    assert res.body["content"] == "n_threads();\n    printf(\"Number of threads: %d\\n\", n_threads);\n    return 0;\n"
@@ -53,3 +53,26 @@ def test_invalid_rerank_req(documents):
    })
    assert res.status_code == 400
    assert "error" in res.body
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "query,doc1,doc2,n_tokens",
+    [
+        ("Machine learning is", "A machine", "Learning is", 19),
+        ("Which city?", "Machine learning is ", "Paris, capitale de la", 26),
+    ]
+)
+def test_rerank_usage(query, doc1, doc2, n_tokens):
+    global server
+    server.start()
+
+    res = server.make_request("POST", "/rerank", data={
+        "query": query,
+        "documents": [
+            doc1,
+            doc2,
+        ]
+    })
+    assert res.status_code == 200
+    assert res.body['usage']['prompt_tokens'] == res.body['usage']['total_tokens']
+    assert res.body['usage']['prompt_tokens'] == n_tokens
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ class ServerProcess:
    server_reranking: bool | None = False
    server_metrics: bool | None = False
    server_slots: bool | None = False
+    pooling: str | None = None
    draft: int | None = None
    api_key: str | None = None
    response_format: str | None = None
@@ -72,6 +73,7 @@ class ServerProcess:
    disable_ctx_shift: int | None = False
    draft_min: int | None = None
    draft_max: int | None = None
+    no_webui: bool | None = None

    # session variables
    process: subprocess.Popen | None = None
@@ -131,6 +133,8 @@ class ServerProcess:
            server_args.append("--metrics")
        if self.server_slots:
            server_args.append("--slots")
+        if self.pooling:
+            server_args.extend(["--pooling", self.pooling])
        if self.model_alias:
            server_args.extend(["--alias", self.model_alias])
        if self.n_ctx:
@@ -158,6 +162,8 @@ class ServerProcess:
            server_args.extend(["--draft-max", self.draft_max])
        if self.draft_min:
            server_args.extend(["--draft-min", self.draft_min])
+        if self.no_webui:
+            server_args.append("--no-webui")

        args = [str(arg) for arg in [server_path, *server_args]]
        print(f"bench: starting server with: {' '.join(args)}")
@@ -371,3 +377,6 @@ def match_regex(regex: str, text: str) -> bool:
        ).search(text)
        is not None
    )
+
+def is_slow_test_allowed():
+    return os.environ.get("SLOW_TESTS") == "1" or os.environ.get("SLOW_TESTS") == "ON"
@@ -222,7 +222,6 @@
      temperature: 0.7,
      repeat_last_n: 256, // 0 = disable penalty, -1 = context size
      repeat_penalty: 1.18, // 1.0 = disabled
-      penalize_nl: false,
      top_k: 40, // <= 0 to use vocab size
      top_p: 0.95, // 1.0 = disabled
      min_p: 0.05, // 0 = disabled
@@ -779,7 +778,6 @@
            ${FloatField({ label: "Temperature", max: 2.0, min: 0.0, name: "temperature", step: 0.01, value: params.value.temperature })}
            ${FloatField({ label: "Penalize repeat sequence", max: 2.0, min: 0.0, name: "repeat_penalty", step: 0.01, value: params.value.repeat_penalty })}
            ${IntField({ label: "Consider N tokens for penalize", max: 2048, min: 0, name: "repeat_last_n", value: params.value.repeat_last_n })}
-            ${BoolField({ label: "Penalize repetition of newlines", name: "penalize_nl", value: params.value.penalize_nl })}
            ${IntField({ label: "Top-K sampling", max: 100, min: -1, name: "top_k", value: params.value.top_k })}
            ${FloatField({ label: "Top-P sampling", max: 1.0, min: 0.0, name: "top_p", step: 0.01, value: params.value.top_p })}
            ${FloatField({ label: "Min-P sampling", max: 1.0, min: 0.0, name: "min_p", step: 0.01, value: params.value.min_p })}
@@ -225,7 +225,6 @@
      temperature: 0.7,
      repeat_last_n: 256, // 0 = disable penalty, -1 = context size
      repeat_penalty: 1.18, // 1.0 = disabled
-      penalize_nl: false,
      top_k: 40, // <= 0 to use vocab size
      top_p: 0.95, // 1.0 = disabled
      min_p: 0.05, // 0 = disabled
@@ -782,7 +781,6 @@
            ${FloatField({ label: "Temperature", max: 2.0, min: 0.0, name: "temperature", step: 0.01, value: params.value.temperature })}
            ${FloatField({ label: "Penalize repeat sequence", max: 2.0, min: 0.0, name: "repeat_penalty", step: 0.01, value: params.value.repeat_penalty })}
            ${IntField({ label: "Consider N tokens for penalize", max: 2048, min: 0, name: "repeat_last_n", value: params.value.repeat_last_n })}
-            ${BoolField({ label: "Penalize repetition of newlines", name: "penalize_nl", value: params.value.penalize_nl })}
            ${IntField({ label: "Top-K sampling", max: 100, min: -1, name: "top_k", value: params.value.top_k })}
            ${FloatField({ label: "Top-P sampling", max: 1.0, min: 0.0, name: "top_p", step: 0.01, value: params.value.top_p })}
            ${FloatField({ label: "Min-P sampling", max: 1.0, min: 0.0, name: "min_p", step: 0.01, value: params.value.min_p })}
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 #include <vector>
 #include <memory>

-#define DEFAULT_OAICOMPAT_MODEL "gpt-3.5-turbo-0613"
+#define DEFAULT_OAICOMPAT_MODEL "gpt-3.5-turbo"

 using json = nlohmann::ordered_json;

@@ -138,6 +138,7 @@ static llama_tokens tokenize_mixed(const llama_context * ctx, const json & json_
 * and multiple prompts (multi-tasks):
 * - "prompt": ["string1", "string2"]
 * - "prompt": ["string1", [12, 34, 56]]
+ * - "prompt": [[12, 34, 56], [78, 90, 12]]
 * - "prompt": [[12, 34, "string", 56, 78], [12, 34, 56]]
 */
 static std::vector<llama_tokens> tokenize_input_prompts(llama_context * ctx, const json & json_prompt, bool add_special, bool parse_special) {
@@ -333,7 +334,7 @@ static std::string llama_get_chat_template(const struct llama_model * model) {
    if (res < 2) {
        return "";
    } else {
-        std::vector<char> model_template(res, 0);
+        std::vector<char> model_template(res + 1, 0);
        llama_model_meta_val_str(model, template_key.c_str(), model_template.data(), model_template.size());
        return std::string(model_template.data(), model_template.size() - 1);
    }
@@ -560,6 +561,7 @@ static json oaicompat_completion_params_parse(

 static json format_embeddings_response_oaicompat(const json & request, const json & embeddings) {
    json data = json::array();
+    int32_t n_tokens = 0;
    int i = 0;
    for (const auto & elem : embeddings) {
        data.push_back(json{
@@ -567,14 +569,16 @@ static json format_embeddings_response_oaicompat(const json & request, const jso
            {"index",     i++},
            {"object",    "embedding"}
        });
+
+        n_tokens += json_value(elem, "tokens_evaluated", 0);
    }

    json res = json {
        {"model", json_value(request, "model", std::string(DEFAULT_OAICOMPAT_MODEL))},
        {"object", "list"},
-        {"usage", json { // TODO: fill
-            {"prompt_tokens", 0},
-            {"total_tokens", 0}
+        {"usage", json {
+            {"prompt_tokens", n_tokens},
+            {"total_tokens", n_tokens}
        }},
        {"data", data}
    };
@@ -584,20 +588,23 @@ static json format_embeddings_response_oaicompat(const json & request, const jso

 static json format_response_rerank(const json & request, const json & ranks) {
    json data = json::array();
+    int32_t n_tokens = 0;
    int i = 0;
    for (const auto & rank : ranks) {
        data.push_back(json{
            {"index",    i++},
            {"relevance_score", json_value(rank, "score", 0.0)},
        });
+
+        n_tokens += json_value(rank, "tokens_evaluated", 0);
    }

    json res = json {
        {"model", json_value(request, "model", std::string(DEFAULT_OAICOMPAT_MODEL))},
        {"object", "list"},
-        {"usage", json { // TODO: fill
-            {"prompt_tokens", 0},
-            {"total_tokens", 0}
+        {"usage", json {
+            {"prompt_tokens", n_tokens},
+            {"total_tokens", n_tokens}
        }},
        {"results", data}
    };
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
      <!-- sidebar -->
      <div class="drawer-side h-screen lg:h-screen z-50 lg:max-w-64">
        <label for="toggle-drawer" aria-label="close sidebar" class="drawer-overlay"></label>
-        <div class="flex flex-col bg-base-200 min-h-full max-w-[calc(100vw-2em)] py-4 px-4">
+        <div class="flex flex-col bg-base-200 min-h-full max-w-64 py-4 px-4">
          <div class="flex flex-row items-center justify-between mb-4 mt-4">
            <h2 class="font-bold ml-4">Conversations</h2>

@@ -120,51 +120,25 @@
            {{ messages.length === 0 ? 'Send a message to start' : '' }}
          </div>
          <div v-for="msg in messages" class="group">
-            <div :class="{
-              'chat': true,
-              'chat-start': msg.role !== 'user',
-              'chat-end': msg.role === 'user',
-            }">
-              <div :class="{
-                'chat-bubble markdown': true,
-                'chat-bubble-base-300': msg.role !== 'user',
-              }">
-                <!-- textarea for editing message -->
-                <template v-if="editingMsg && editingMsg.id === msg.id">
-                  <textarea
-                    class="textarea textarea-bordered bg-base-100 text-base-content w-[calc(90vw-8em)] lg:w-96"
-                    v-model="msg.content"></textarea>
-                  <br/>
-                  <button class="btn btn-ghost mt-2 mr-2" @click="editingMsg = null">Cancel</button>
-                  <button class="btn mt-2" @click="editUserMsgAndRegenerate(msg)">Submit</button>
-                </template>
-                <!-- render message as markdown -->
-                <vue-markdown v-else :source="msg.content" />
-              </div>
-            </div>
-
-            <!-- actions for each message -->
-            <div :class="{'text-right': msg.role === 'user'}" class="mx-4 mt-2 mb-2">
-              <!-- user message -->
-              <button v-if="msg.role === 'user'" class="badge btn-mini show-on-hover" @click="editingMsg = msg" :disabled="isGenerating">
-                ✍️ Edit
-              </button>
-              <!-- assistant message -->
-              <button v-if="msg.role === 'assistant'" class="badge btn-mini show-on-hover mr-2" @click="regenerateMsg(msg)" :disabled="isGenerating">
-                🔄 Regenerate
-              </button>
-              <button v-if="msg.role === 'assistant'" class="badge btn-mini show-on-hover mr-2" @click="copyMsg(msg)" :disabled="isGenerating">
-                📋 Copy
-              </button>
-            </div>
+            <message-bubble
+              :config="config"
+              :msg="msg"
+              :key="msg.id"
+              :is-generating="isGenerating"
+              :edit-user-msg-and-regenerate="editUserMsgAndRegenerate"
+              :regenerate-msg="regenerateMsg"></message-bubble>
          </div>

          <!-- pending (ongoing) assistant message -->
-          <div id="pending-msg" class="chat chat-start">
-            <div v-if="pendingMsg" class="chat-bubble markdown chat-bubble-base-300">
-              <span v-if="!pendingMsg.content" class="loading loading-dots loading-md"></span>
-              <vue-markdown v-else :source="pendingMsg.content" />
-            </div>
+          <div id="pending-msg" class="group">
+            <message-bubble
+              v-if="pendingMsg"
+              :config="config"
+              :msg="pendingMsg"
+              :key="pendingMsg.id"
+              :is-generating="isGenerating"
+              :edit-user-msg-and-regenerate="() => {}"
+              :regenerate-msg="() => {}"></message-bubble>
          </div>
        </div>

@@ -227,6 +201,14 @@
          <details class="collapse collapse-arrow bg-base-200 mb-2 overflow-visible">
            <summary class="collapse-title font-bold">Advanced config</summary>
            <div class="collapse-content">
+              <div class="flex flex-row items-center mb-2" v-if="isDev">
+                <!-- this button only shows in dev mode, used to import a demo conversation to test message rendering -->
+                <button class="btn" @click="debugImportDemoConv()">(debug) Import demo conversation</button>
+              </div>
+              <div class="flex flex-row items-center mb-2">
+                <input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" v-model="config.showTokensPerSecond" />
+                <span class="ml-4">Show tokens per second</span>
+              </div>
              <label class="form-control mb-2">
                <!-- Custom parameters input -->
                <div class="label inline">Custom JSON config (For more info, refer to <a class="underline" href="https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/blob/master/examples/server/README.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">server documentation</a>)</div>
@@ -247,6 +229,66 @@

  </div>

+
+  <!-- Template to be used as message bubble -->
+  <template id="message-bubble">
+    <div :class="{
+      'chat': true,
+      'chat-start': msg.role !== 'user',
+      'chat-end': msg.role === 'user',
+    }">
+      <div :class="{
+        'chat-bubble markdown': true,
+        'chat-bubble-base-300': msg.role !== 'user',
+      }">
+        <!-- textarea for editing message -->
+        <template v-if="editingContent !== null">
+          <textarea
+            class="textarea textarea-bordered bg-base-100 text-base-content w-[calc(90vw-8em)] lg:w-96"
+            v-model="editingContent"></textarea>
+          <br/>
+          <button class="btn btn-ghost mt-2 mr-2" @click="editingContent = null">Cancel</button>
+          <button class="btn mt-2" @click="editMsg()">Submit</button>
+        </template>
+        <template v-else>
+          <!-- show loading dots for pending message -->
+          <span v-if="msg.content === null" class="loading loading-dots loading-md"></span>
+          <!-- render message as markdown -->
+          <vue-markdown v-else :source="msg.content"></vue-markdown>
+          <!-- render timings if enabled -->
+          <div class="dropdown dropdown-hover dropdown-top mt-2" v-if="timings && config.showTokensPerSecond">
+            <div tabindex="0" role="button" class="cursor-pointer font-semibold text-sm opacity-60">Speed: {{ timings.predicted_per_second.toFixed(1) }} t/s</div>
+            <div class="dropdown-content bg-base-100 z-10 w-64 p-2 shadow mt-4">
+              <b>Prompt</b><br/>
+              - Tokens: {{ timings.prompt_n }}<br/>
+              - Time: {{ timings.prompt_ms }} ms<br/>
+              - Speed: {{ timings.prompt_per_second.toFixed(1) }} t/s<br/>
+              <b>Generation</b><br/>
+              - Tokens: {{ timings.predicted_n }}<br/>
+              - Time: {{ timings.predicted_ms }} ms<br/>
+              - Speed: {{ timings.predicted_per_second.toFixed(1) }} t/s<br/>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+        </template>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <!-- actions for each message -->
+    <div :class="{'text-right': msg.role === 'user', 'opacity-0': isGenerating}" class="mx-4 mt-2 mb-2">
+      <!-- user message -->
+      <button v-if="msg.role === 'user'" class="badge btn-mini show-on-hover" @click="editingContent = msg.content" :disabled="isGenerating">
+        ✍️ Edit
+      </button>
+      <!-- assistant message -->
+      <button v-if="msg.role === 'assistant'" class="badge btn-mini show-on-hover mr-2" @click="regenerateMsg(msg)" :disabled="isGenerating">
+        🔄 Regenerate
+      </button>
+      <button v-if="msg.role === 'assistant'" class="badge btn-mini show-on-hover mr-2" @click="copyMsg()" :disabled="isGenerating">
+        📋 Copy
+      </button>
+    </div>
+  </template>
+
+
  <!-- Template to be used by settings modal -->
  <template id="settings-modal-short-input">
    <label class="input input-bordered join-item grow flex items-center gap-2 mb-2">
@@ -8,15 +8,21 @@
      "name": "webui",
      "version": "0.0.0",
      "dependencies": {
+        "@sec-ant/readable-stream": "^0.6.0",
+        "@vscode/markdown-it-katex": "^1.1.1",
        "autoprefixer": "^10.4.20",
        "daisyui": "^4.12.14",
+        "highlight.js": "^11.10.0",
+        "katex": "^0.16.15",
        "markdown-it": "^14.1.0",
        "postcss": "^8.4.49",
        "tailwindcss": "^3.4.15",
+        "textlinestream": "^1.1.1",
        "vite-plugin-singlefile": "^2.0.3",
        "vue": "^3.5.13"
      },
      "devDependencies": {
+        "sass-embedded": "^1.83.0",
        "vite": "^5.4.10"
      }
    },
@@ -32,6 +38,13 @@
        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/sindresorhus"
      }
    },
+    "node_modules/@bufbuild/protobuf": {
+      "version": "2.2.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@bufbuild/protobuf/-/protobuf-2.2.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-tFQoXHJdkEOSwj5tRIZSPNUuXK3RaR7T1nUrPgbYX1pUbvqqaaZAsfo+NXBPsz5rZMSKVFrgK1WL8Q/MSLvprg==",
+      "devOptional": true,
+      "license": "(Apache-2.0 AND BSD-3-Clause)"
+    },
    "node_modules/@esbuild/aix-ppc64": {
      "version": "0.21.5",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/aix-ppc64/-/aix-ppc64-0.21.5.tgz",
@@ -605,6 +618,21 @@
        "win32"
      ]
    },
+    "node_modules/@sec-ant/readable-stream": {
+      "version": "0.6.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@sec-ant/readable-stream/-/readable-stream-0.6.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-uiBh8DrB5FN35gP6/o8JEhEQ7/ci1jUsOZO/VMUjyvTpjtV54VstOXVj1TvTj/wsT23pfX6butxxh3qufsW3+g==",
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
+    "node_modules/@vscode/markdown-it-katex": {
+      "version": "1.1.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@vscode/markdown-it-katex/-/markdown-it-katex-1.1.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-3KTlbsRBPJQLE2YmLL7K6nunTlU+W9T5+FjfNdWuIUKgxSS6HWLQHaO3L4MkJi7z7MpIPpY+g4N+cWNBPE/MSA==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "katex": "^0.16.4"
+      }
+    },
    "node_modules/@vue/compiler-dom": {
      "version": "3.5.13",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@vue/compiler-dom/-/compiler-dom-3.5.13.tgz",
@@ -1003,6 +1031,13 @@
        "browserslist": ">= 4.21.0"
      }
    },
+    "node_modules/buffer-builder": {
+      "version": "0.2.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/buffer-builder/-/buffer-builder-0.2.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-7VPMEPuYznPSoR21NE1zvd2Xna6c/CloiZCfcMXR1Jny6PjX0N4Nsa38zcBFo/FMK+BlA+FLKbJCQ0i2yxp+Xg==",
+      "devOptional": true,
+      "license": "MIT/X11"
+    },
    "node_modules/caniuse-lite": {
      "version": "1.0.30001684",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/caniuse-lite/-/caniuse-lite-1.0.30001684.tgz",
@@ -1165,6 +1200,22 @@
        "node": ">=8.0"
      }
    },
+    "node_modules/colorjs.io": {
+      "version": "0.5.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/colorjs.io/-/colorjs.io-0.5.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-twmVoizEW7ylZSN32OgKdXRmo1qg+wT5/6C3xu5b9QsWzSFAhHLn2xd8ro0diCsKfCj1RdaTP/nrcW+vAoQPIw==",
+      "devOptional": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
+    "node_modules/commander": {
+      "version": "8.3.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/commander/-/commander-8.3.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-OkTL9umf+He2DZkUq8f8J9of7yL6RJKI24dVITBmNfZBmri9zYZQrKkuXiKhyfPSu8tUhnVBB1iKXevvnlR4Ww==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 12"
+      }
+    },
    "node_modules/css-selector-tokenizer": {
      "version": "0.8.0",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/css-selector-tokenizer/-/css-selector-tokenizer-0.8.0.tgz",
@@ -1472,6 +1523,31 @@
        "node": ">=10.13.0"
      }
    },
+    "node_modules/has-flag": {
+      "version": "4.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/has-flag/-/has-flag-4.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-EykJT/Q1KjTWctppgIAgfSO0tKVuZUjhgMr17kqTumMl6Afv3EISleU7qZUzoXDFTAHTDC4NOoG/ZxU3EvlMPQ==",
+      "devOptional": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=8"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/highlight.js": {
+      "version": "11.10.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/highlight.js/-/highlight.js-11.10.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-SYVnVFswQER+zu1laSya563s+F8VDGt7o35d4utbamowvUNLLMovFqwCLSocpZTz3MgaSRA1IbqRWZv97dtErQ==",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=12.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/immutable": {
+      "version": "5.0.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/immutable/-/immutable-5.0.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-P8IdPQHq3lA1xVeBRi5VPqUm5HDgKnx0Ru51wZz5mjxHr5n3RWhjIpOFU7ybkUxfB+5IToy+OLaHYDBIWsv+uw==",
+      "devOptional": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
    "node_modules/is-glob": {
      "version": "4.0.3",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/is-glob/-/is-glob-4.0.3.tgz",
@@ -1502,6 +1578,22 @@
        "jiti": "bin/jiti.js"
      }
    },
+    "node_modules/katex": {
+      "version": "0.16.15",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/katex/-/katex-0.16.15.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-yE9YJIEAk2aZ+FL/G8r+UGw0CTUzEA8ZFy6E+8tc3spHUKq3qBnzCkI1CQwGoI9atJhVyFPEypQsTY7mJ1Pi9w==",
+      "funding": [
+        "https://opencollective.com/katex",
+        "https://github.com/sponsors/katex"
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "commander": "^8.3.0"
+      },
+      "bin": {
+        "katex": "cli.js"
+      }
+    },
    "node_modules/lilconfig": {
      "version": "2.1.0",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lilconfig/-/lilconfig-2.1.0.tgz",
@@ -2021,6 +2113,381 @@
      "integrity": "sha512-AYnb1nQyY49te+VRAVgmzfcgjYS91mY5P0TKUDCLEM+gNnA+3T6rWITXRLYCpahpqSQbN5cE+gHpnPyXjHWxcw==",
      "license": "MIT"
    },
+    "node_modules/rxjs": {
+      "version": "7.8.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/rxjs/-/rxjs-7.8.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-AA3TVj+0A2iuIoQkWEK/tqFjBq2j+6PO6Y0zJcvzLAFhEFIO3HL0vls9hWLncZbAAbK0mar7oZ4V079I/qPMxg==",
+      "devOptional": true,
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "tslib": "^2.1.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/sass-embedded": {
+      "version": "1.83.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/sass-embedded/-/sass-embedded-1.83.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-/8cYZeL39evUqe0o//193na51Q1VWZ61qhxioQvLJwOtWIrX+PgNhCyD8RSuTtmzc4+6+waFZf899bfp/MCUwA==",
+      "devOptional": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@bufbuild/protobuf": "^2.0.0",
+        "buffer-builder": "^0.2.0",
+        "colorjs.io": "^0.5.0",
+        "immutable": "^5.0.2",
+        "rxjs": "^7.4.0",
+        "supports-color": "^8.1.1",
+        "sync-child-process": "^1.0.2",
+        "varint": "^6.0.0"
+      },
+      "bin": {
+        "sass": "dist/bin/sass.js"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=16.0.0"
+      },
+      "optionalDependencies": {
+        "sass-embedded-android-arm": "1.83.0",
+        "sass-embedded-android-arm64": "1.83.0",
+        "sass-embedded-android-ia32": "1.83.0",
+        "sass-embedded-android-riscv64": "1.83.0",
+        "sass-embedded-android-x64": "1.83.0",
+        "sass-embedded-darwin-arm64": "1.83.0",
+        "sass-embedded-darwin-x64": "1.83.0",
+        "sass-embedded-linux-arm": "1.83.0",
+        "sass-embedded-linux-arm64": "1.83.0",
+        "sass-embedded-linux-ia32": "1.83.0",
+        "sass-embedded-linux-musl-arm": "1.83.0",
+        "sass-embedded-linux-musl-arm64": "1.83.0",
+        "sass-embedded-linux-musl-ia32": "1.83.0",
+        "sass-embedded-linux-musl-riscv64": "1.83.0",
+        "sass-embedded-linux-musl-x64": "1.83.0",
+        "sass-embedded-linux-riscv64": "1.83.0",
+        "sass-embedded-linux-x64": "1.83.0",
+        "sass-embedded-win32-arm64": "1.83.0",
+        "sass-embedded-win32-ia32": "1.83.0",
+        "sass-embedded-win32-x64": "1.83.0"
+      }
+    },
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+      "version": "1.83.0",
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+      "cpu": [
+        "arm"
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "android"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=14.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/sass-embedded-android-arm64": {
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+        "arm64"
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+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
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+      "optional": true,
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+        "riscv64"
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
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+        "x64"
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+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "android"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=14.0.0"
+      }
+    },
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+        "arm64"
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "darwin"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=14.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/sass-embedded-darwin-x64": {
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+        "x64"
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+      "optional": true,
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+        "darwin"
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+      "version": "1.83.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/sass-embedded-linux-musl-arm/-/sass-embedded-linux-musl-arm-1.83.0.tgz",
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+      "optional": true,
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+      "version": "1.83.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/sass-embedded-linux-musl-arm64/-/sass-embedded-linux-musl-arm64-1.83.0.tgz",
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+      "optional": true,
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+      "version": "1.83.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/sass-embedded-linux-musl-ia32/-/sass-embedded-linux-musl-ia32-1.83.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-arQeYwGmwXV8byx5G1PtSzZWW1jbkfR5qrIHMEbTFSAvAxpqjgSvCvrHMOFd73FcMxVaYh4BX9LQNbKinkbEdg==",
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+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
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+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=14.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/sass-embedded-linux-musl-riscv64": {
+      "version": "1.83.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/sass-embedded-linux-musl-riscv64/-/sass-embedded-linux-musl-riscv64-1.83.0.tgz",
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+        "riscv64"
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
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+        "linux"
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+        "node": ">=14.0.0"
+      }
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+    "node_modules/sass-embedded-linux-musl-x64": {
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+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/sass-embedded-linux-musl-x64/-/sass-embedded-linux-musl-x64-1.83.0.tgz",
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+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
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+        "linux"
+      ],
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+        "node": ">=14.0.0"
+      }
+    },
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+      "version": "1.83.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/sass-embedded-linux-riscv64/-/sass-embedded-linux-riscv64-1.83.0.tgz",
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+      "cpu": [
+        "riscv64"
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "linux"
+      ],
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+        "node": ">=14.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/sass-embedded-linux-x64": {
+      "version": "1.83.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/sass-embedded-linux-x64/-/sass-embedded-linux-x64-1.83.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-3iLjlXdoPfgZRtX4odhRvka1BQs5mAXqfCtDIQBgh/o0JnGPzJIWWl9bYLpHxK8qb+uyVBxXYgXpI0sCzArBOw==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "x64"
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "linux"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=14.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/sass-embedded-win32-arm64": {
+      "version": "1.83.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/sass-embedded-win32-arm64/-/sass-embedded-win32-arm64-1.83.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-iOHw/8/t2dlTW3lOFwG5eUbiwhEyGWawivlKWJ8lkXH7fjMpVx2VO9zCFAm8RvY9xOHJ9sf1L7g5bx3EnNP9BQ==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "arm64"
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "win32"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=14.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/sass-embedded-win32-ia32": {
+      "version": "1.83.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/sass-embedded-win32-ia32/-/sass-embedded-win32-ia32-1.83.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-2PxNXJ8Pad4geVcTXY4rkyTr5AwbF8nfrCTDv0ulbTvPhzX2mMKEGcBZUXWn5BeHZTBc6whNMfS7d5fQXR9dDQ==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "ia32"
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "win32"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=14.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/sass-embedded-win32-x64": {
+      "version": "1.83.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/sass-embedded-win32-x64/-/sass-embedded-win32-x64-1.83.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-muBXkFngM6eLTNqOV0FQi7Dv9s+YRQ42Yem26mosdan/GmJQc81deto6uDTgrYn+bzFNmiXcOdfm+0MkTWK3OQ==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "x64"
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "win32"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=14.0.0"
+      }
+    },
    "node_modules/sucrase": {
      "version": "3.35.0",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/sucrase/-/sucrase-3.35.0.tgz",
@@ -2640,6 +3107,45 @@
        "node": ">=8"
      }
    },
+    "node_modules/supports-color": {
+      "version": "8.1.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/supports-color/-/supports-color-8.1.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-MpUEN2OodtUzxvKQl72cUF7RQ5EiHsGvSsVG0ia9c5RbWGL2CI4C7EpPS8UTBIplnlzZiNuV56w+FuNxy3ty2Q==",
+      "devOptional": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "has-flag": "^4.0.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=10"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://github.com/chalk/supports-color?sponsor=1"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/sync-child-process": {
+      "version": "1.0.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/sync-child-process/-/sync-child-process-1.0.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-8lD+t2KrrScJ/7KXCSyfhT3/hRq78rC0wBFqNJXv3mZyn6hW2ypM05JmlSvtqRbeq6jqA94oHbxAr2vYsJ8vDA==",
+      "devOptional": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "sync-message-port": "^1.0.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=16.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/sync-message-port": {
+      "version": "1.1.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/sync-message-port/-/sync-message-port-1.1.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-GTt8rSKje5FilG+wEdfCkOcLL7LWqpMlr2c3LRuKt/YXxcJ52aGSbGBAdI4L3aaqfrBt6y711El53ItyH1NWzg==",
+      "devOptional": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=16.0.0"
+      }
+    },
    "node_modules/tailwindcss": {
      "version": "3.4.15",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/tailwindcss/-/tailwindcss-3.4.15.tgz",
@@ -2677,12 +3183,32 @@
        "node": ">=14.0.0"
      }
    },
+    "node_modules/textlinestream": {
+      "version": "1.1.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/textlinestream/-/textlinestream-1.1.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-iBHbi7BQxrFmwZUQJsT0SjNzlLLsXhvW/kg7EyOMVMBIrlnj/qYofwo1LVLZi+3GbUEo96Iu2eqToI2+lZoAEQ==",
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
+    "node_modules/tslib": {
+      "version": "2.8.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/tslib/-/tslib-2.8.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-oJFu94HQb+KVduSUQL7wnpmqnfmLsOA/nAh6b6EH0wCEoK0/mPeXU6c3wKDV83MkOuHPRHtSXKKU99IBazS/2w==",
+      "devOptional": true,
+      "license": "0BSD"
+    },
    "node_modules/uc.micro": {
      "version": "2.1.0",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/uc.micro/-/uc.micro-2.1.0.tgz",
      "integrity": "sha512-ARDJmphmdvUk6Glw7y9DQ2bFkKBHwQHLi2lsaH6PPmz/Ka9sFOBsBluozhDltWmnv9u/cF6Rt87znRTPV+yp/A==",
      "license": "MIT"
    },
+    "node_modules/varint": {
+      "version": "6.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/varint/-/varint-6.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-cXEIW6cfr15lFv563k4GuVuW/fiwjknytD37jIOLSdSWuOI6WnO/oKwmP2FQTU2l01LP8/M5TSAJpzUaGe3uWg==",
+      "devOptional": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
    "node_modules/vite": {
      "version": "5.4.11",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/vite/-/vite-5.4.11.tgz",
@@ -6,17 +6,24 @@
  "scripts": {
    "dev": "vite",
    "build": "vite build",
-    "preview": "vite preview"
+    "preview": "vite preview",
+    "analyze": "ANALYZE=1 npx vite-bundle-visualizer"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
+    "sass-embedded": "^1.83.0",
    "vite": "^5.4.10"
  },
  "dependencies": {
+    "@sec-ant/readable-stream": "^0.6.0",
+    "@vscode/markdown-it-katex": "^1.1.1",
    "autoprefixer": "^10.4.20",
    "daisyui": "^4.12.14",
+    "highlight.js": "^11.10.0",
+    "katex": "^0.16.15",
    "markdown-it": "^14.1.0",
    "postcss": "^8.4.49",
    "tailwindcss": "^3.4.15",
+    "textlinestream": "^1.1.1",
    "vite-plugin-singlefile": "^2.0.3",
    "vue": "^3.5.13"
  }
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+{
+  "demo": true,
+  "id": "conv-1734086746930",
+  "lastModified": 1734087548943,
+  "messages": [
+    {
+      "id": 1734086764521,
+      "role": "user",
+      "content": "this is a demo conversation, used in dev mode"
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 1734087548327,
+      "role": "assistant",
+      "content": "This is the formula:\n\n$\\frac{e^{x_i}}{\\sum_{j=1}^{n}e^{x_j}}$\n\nGiven an input vector \\(\\mathbf{x} = [x_1, x_2, \\ldots, x_n]\\)\n\n\\[\ny_i = \\frac{e^{x_i}}{\\sum_{j=1}^n e^{x_j}}\n\\]\n\nCode block latex:\n```latex\n\\frac{e^{x_i}}{\\sum_{j=1}^{n}e^{x_j}}\n```\n\nTest dollar sign: $1234 $4567\n\nInvalid latex syntax: $E = mc^$ and $$E = mc^$$",
+      "timings": {
+        "prompt_n": 1,
+        "prompt_ms": 28.923,
+        "predicted_n": 25,
+        "predicted_ms": 573.016
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 1734087548328,
+      "role": "user",
+      "content": "this is a demo conversation, used in dev mode"
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 1734087548329,
+      "role": "assistant",
+      "content": "Code block:\n```js\nconsole.log('hello world')\n```\n```sh\nls -la /dev\n```"
+    }
+  ]
+}
@@ -1,225 +0,0 @@
-const paramDefaults = {
-  stream: true,
-  temperature: 0.2,
-};
-
-let generation_settings = null;
-
-export class CompletionError extends Error {
-  constructor(message, name, data) {
-    super(message);
-    this.name = name;
-  }
-};
-
-// Completes the prompt as a generator. Recommended for most use cases.
-//
-// Example:
-//
-//    import { llama } from '/completion.js'
-//
-//    const request = llama("Tell me a joke", {n_predict: 800})
-//    for await (const chunk of request) {
-//      document.write(chunk.data.content)
-//    }
-//
-export async function* llama(prompt, params = {}, config = {}) {
-  let controller = config.controller;
-  const api_url = config.api_url?.replace(/\/+$/, '') || "";
-
-  if (!controller) {
-    controller = new AbortController();
-  }
-
-  const completionParams = { ...paramDefaults, ...params, prompt };
-
-  const response = await fetch(`${api_url}${config.endpoint || '/completion'}`, {
-    method: 'POST',
-    body: JSON.stringify(completionParams),
-    headers: {
-      'Connection': 'keep-alive',
-      'Content-Type': 'application/json',
-      'Accept': 'text/event-stream',
-      ...(params.api_key ? {'Authorization': `Bearer ${params.api_key}`} : {})
-    },
-    signal: controller.signal,
-  });
-
-  const status = response.status;
-  if (status !== 200) {
-    try {
-      const body = await response.json();
-      if (body && body.error && body.error.message) {
-        throw new CompletionError(body.error.message, 'ServerError');
-      }
-    } catch (err) {
-      throw new CompletionError(err.message, 'ServerError');
-    }
-  }
-
-  const reader = response.body.getReader();
-  const decoder = new TextDecoder();
-
-  let content = "";
-  let leftover = ""; // Buffer for partially read lines
-
-  try {
-    let cont = true;
-
-    while (cont) {
-      const result = await reader.read();
-      if (result.done) {
-        break;
-      }
-
-      // Add any leftover data to the current chunk of data
-      const text = leftover + decoder.decode(result.value);
-
-      // Check if the last character is a line break
-      const endsWithLineBreak = text.endsWith('\n');
-
-      // Split the text into lines
-      let lines = text.split('\n');
-
-      // If the text doesn't end with a line break, then the last line is incomplete
-      // Store it in leftover to be added to the next chunk of data
-      if (!endsWithLineBreak) {
-        leftover = lines.pop();
-      } else {
-        leftover = ""; // Reset leftover if we have a line break at the end
-      }
-
-      // Parse all sse events and add them to result
-      const regex = /^(\S+):\s(.*)$/gm;
-      for (const line of lines) {
-        const match = regex.exec(line);
-        if (match) {
-          result[match[1]] = match[2];
-          if (result.data === '[DONE]') {
-            cont = false;
-            break;
-          }
-
-          // since we know this is llama.cpp, let's just decode the json in data
-          if (result.data) {
-            result.data = JSON.parse(result.data);
-            content += result.data.content;
-
-            // yield
-            yield result;
-
-            // if we got a stop token from server, we will break here
-            if (result.data.stop) {
-              if (result.data.generation_settings) {
-                generation_settings = result.data.generation_settings;
-              }
-              cont = false;
-              break;
-            }
-          }
-          if (result.error) {
-            try {
-              result.error = JSON.parse(result.error);
-              if (result.error.message.includes('slot unavailable')) {
-                // Throw an error to be caught by upstream callers
-                throw new Error('slot unavailable');
-              } else {
-                console.error(`llama.cpp error [${result.error.code} - ${result.error.type}]: ${result.error.message}`);
-              }
-            } catch(e) {
-              console.error(`llama.cpp error ${result.error}`)
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  } catch (e) {
-    if (e.name !== 'AbortError') {
-      console.error("llama error: ", e);
-    }
-    throw e;
-  }
-  finally {
-    controller.abort();
-  }
-
-  return content;
-}
-
-// Call llama, return an event target that you can subscribe to
-//
-// Example:
-//
-//    import { llamaEventTarget } from '/completion.js'
-//
-//    const conn = llamaEventTarget(prompt)
-//    conn.addEventListener("message", (chunk) => {
-//      document.write(chunk.detail.content)
-//    })
-//
-export const llamaEventTarget = (prompt, params = {}, config = {}) => {
-  const eventTarget = new EventTarget();
-  (async () => {
-    let content = "";
-    for await (const chunk of llama(prompt, params, config)) {
-      if (chunk.data) {
-        content += chunk.data.content;
-        eventTarget.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent("message", { detail: chunk.data }));
-      }
-      if (chunk.data.generation_settings) {
-        eventTarget.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent("generation_settings", { detail: chunk.data.generation_settings }));
-      }
-      if (chunk.data.timings) {
-        eventTarget.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent("timings", { detail: chunk.data.timings }));
-      }
-    }
-    eventTarget.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent("done", { detail: { content } }));
-  })();
-  return eventTarget;
-}
-
-// Call llama, return a promise that resolves to the completed text. This does not support streaming
-//
-// Example:
-//
-//     llamaPromise(prompt).then((content) => {
-//       document.write(content)
-//     })
-//
-//     or
-//
-//     const content = await llamaPromise(prompt)
-//     document.write(content)
-//
-export const llamaPromise = (prompt, params = {}, config = {}) => {
-  return new Promise(async (resolve, reject) => {
-    let content = "";
-    try {
-      for await (const chunk of llama(prompt, params, config)) {
-        content += chunk.data.content;
-      }
-      resolve(content);
-    } catch (error) {
-      reject(error);
-    }
-  });
-};
-
-/**
- * (deprecated)
- */
-export const llamaComplete = async (params, controller, callback) => {
-  for await (const chunk of llama(params.prompt, params, { controller })) {
-    callback(chunk);
-  }
-}
-
-// Get the model info from the server. This is useful for getting the context window and so on.
-export const llamaModelInfo = async (config = {}) => {
-  if (!generation_settings) {
-    const api_url = config.api_url?.replace(/\/+$/, '') || "";
-    const props = await fetch(`${api_url}/props`).then(r => r.json());
-    generation_settings = props.default_generation_settings;
-  }
-  return generation_settings;
-}
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+import hljs from 'highlight.js/lib/core';
+
+// only import commonly used languages to reduce bundle size
+
+import python from 'highlight.js/lib/languages/python';
+import javascript from 'highlight.js/lib/languages/javascript';
+import json from 'highlight.js/lib/languages/json';
+import bash from 'highlight.js/lib/languages/bash';
+import yaml from 'highlight.js/lib/languages/yaml';
+import markdown from 'highlight.js/lib/languages/markdown';
+import scss from 'highlight.js/lib/languages/scss';
+import xml from 'highlight.js/lib/languages/xml';
+import ruby from 'highlight.js/lib/languages/ruby';
+import go from 'highlight.js/lib/languages/go';
+import java from 'highlight.js/lib/languages/java';
+import rust from 'highlight.js/lib/languages/rust';
+import scala from 'highlight.js/lib/languages/scala';
+import cpp from 'highlight.js/lib/languages/cpp';
+import csharp from 'highlight.js/lib/languages/csharp';
+import swift from 'highlight.js/lib/languages/swift';
+import dart from 'highlight.js/lib/languages/dart';
+import elixir from 'highlight.js/lib/languages/elixir';
+import kotlin from 'highlight.js/lib/languages/kotlin';
+import lua from 'highlight.js/lib/languages/lua';
+import php from 'highlight.js/lib/languages/php';
+import latex from 'highlight.js/lib/languages/latex';
+
+hljs.registerLanguage('python', python);
+hljs.registerLanguage('javascript', javascript);
+hljs.registerLanguage('json', json);
+hljs.registerLanguage('yaml', yaml);
+hljs.registerLanguage('markdown', markdown);
+hljs.registerLanguage('xml', xml);
+hljs.registerLanguage('ruby', ruby);
+hljs.registerLanguage('go', go);
+hljs.registerLanguage('java', java);
+hljs.registerLanguage('rust', rust);
+hljs.registerLanguage('scala', scala);
+hljs.registerLanguage('csharp', csharp);
+hljs.registerLanguage('swift', swift);
+hljs.registerLanguage('dart', dart);
+hljs.registerLanguage('elixir', elixir);
+hljs.registerLanguage('kotlin', kotlin);
+hljs.registerLanguage('lua', lua);
+hljs.registerLanguage('php', php);
+hljs.registerLanguage('latex', latex);
+
+// reuse some languages to further reduce bundle size
+
+hljs.registerLanguage('shell', bash);
+hljs.registerLanguage('bash', bash);
+hljs.registerLanguage('sh', bash);
+
+hljs.registerLanguage('css', scss);
+hljs.registerLanguage('scss', scss);
+
+hljs.registerLanguage('c', cpp);
+hljs.registerLanguage('cpp', cpp);
+
+export default hljs;
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+import katex from 'katex';
+
+// Adapted from https://github.com/SchneeHertz/markdown-it-katex-gpt
+// MIT license
+
+const defaultOptions = {
+  delimiters: [
+    { left: '\\[', right: '\\]', display: true },
+    { left: '\\(', right: '\\)', display: false },
+  ],
+};
+
+export function renderLatexHTML(content, display = false) {
+  return katex.renderToString(content, {
+    throwOnError: false,
+    output: 'mathml',
+    displayMode: display,
+  });
+}
+
+function escapedBracketRule(options) {
+  return (state, silent) => {
+    const max = state.posMax;
+    const start = state.pos;
+
+    for (const { left, right, display } of options.delimiters) {
+
+      // Check if it starts with the left delimiter
+      if (!state.src.slice(start).startsWith(left)) continue;
+
+      // Skip the length of the left delimiter
+      let pos = start + left.length;
+
+      // Find the matching right delimiter
+      while (pos < max) {
+        if (state.src.slice(pos).startsWith(right)) {
+          break;
+        }
+        pos++;
+      }
+
+      // No matching right delimiter found, skip to the next match
+      if (pos >= max) continue;
+
+      // If not in silent mode, convert LaTeX formula to MathML
+      if (!silent) {
+        const content = state.src.slice(start + left.length, pos);
+        try {
+          const renderedContent = renderLatexHTML(content, display);
+          const token = state.push('html_inline', '', 0);
+          token.content = renderedContent;
+        } catch (e) {
+          console.error(e);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Update position, skip the length of the right delimiter
+      state.pos = pos + right.length;
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+export default function (md, options = defaultOptions) {
+  md.inline.ruler.after('text', 'escaped_bracket', escapedBracketRule(options));
+}
@@ -1,23 +1,42 @@
-import './styles.css';
+import './styles.scss';
 import { createApp, defineComponent, shallowRef, computed, h } from 'vue/dist/vue.esm-bundler.js';
-import { llama } from './completion.js';
 import MarkdownIt from 'markdown-it';
+import TextLineStream from 'textlinestream';
+
+// math formula rendering
+import 'katex/dist/katex.min.css';
+import markdownItKatexGpt from './katex-gpt';
+import markdownItKatexNormal from '@vscode/markdown-it-katex';
+
+// code highlighting
+import hljs from './highlight-config';
+import daisyuiThemes from 'daisyui/src/theming/themes';
+
+// ponyfill for missing ReadableStream asyncIterator on Safari
+import { asyncIterator } from "@sec-ant/readable-stream/ponyfill/asyncIterator";
+
+const isDev = import.meta.env.MODE === 'development';

 // utility functions
 const isString = (x) => !!x.toLowerCase;
-const isNumeric = (n) => !isString(n) && !isNaN(n);
+const isBoolean = (x) => x === true || x === false;
+const isNumeric = (n) => !isString(n) && !isNaN(n) && !isBoolean(n);
 const escapeAttr = (str) => str.replace(/>/g, '&gt;').replace(/"/g, '&quot;');
 const copyStr = (str) => navigator.clipboard.writeText(str);

 // constants
-const BASE_URL = localStorage.getItem('base') // for debugging
-  || (new URL('.', document.baseURI).href).toString(); // for production
+const BASE_URL = isDev
+  ? (localStorage.getItem('base') || 'https://localhost:8080') // for debugging
+  : (new URL('.', document.baseURI).href).toString().replace(/\/$/, ''); // for production
+console.log({ BASE_URL });
+
 const CONFIG_DEFAULT = {
  // Note: in order not to introduce breaking changes, please keep the same data type (number, string, etc) if you want to change the default value. Do not use null or undefined for default value.
  apiKey: '',
  systemMessage: 'You are a helpful assistant.',
+  showTokensPerSecond: false,
  // make sure these default values are in sync with `common.h`
-  samplers: 'dkypmxt',
+  samplers: 'edkypmxt',
  temperature: 0.8,
  dynatemp_range: 0.0,
  dynatemp_exponent: 1.0,
@@ -65,12 +84,39 @@ const CONFIG_INFO = {
 // config keys having numeric value (i.e. temperature, top_k, top_p, etc)
 const CONFIG_NUMERIC_KEYS = Object.entries(CONFIG_DEFAULT).filter(e => isNumeric(e[1])).map(e => e[0]);
 // list of themes supported by daisyui
-const THEMES = ['light', 'dark', 'cupcake', 'bumblebee', 'emerald', 'corporate', 'synthwave', 'retro', 'cyberpunk', 'valentine', 'halloween', 'garden', 'forest', 'aqua', 'lofi', 'pastel', 'fantasy', 'wireframe', 'black', 'luxury', 'dracula', 'cmyk', 'autumn', 'business', 'acid', 'lemonade', 'night', 'coffee', 'winter', 'dim', 'nord', 'sunset'];
+const THEMES = ['light', 'dark']
+  // make sure light & dark are always at the beginning
+  .concat(Object.keys(daisyuiThemes).filter(t => t !== 'light' && t !== 'dark'));

 // markdown support
 const VueMarkdown = defineComponent(
  (props) => {
-    const md = shallowRef(new MarkdownIt({ breaks: true }));
+    const md = shallowRef(new MarkdownIt({
+      breaks: true,
+      highlight: function (str, lang) { // Add highlight.js
+        if (lang && hljs.getLanguage(lang)) {
+          try {
+            return '<pre><code class="hljs">' +
+                   hljs.highlight(str, { language: lang, ignoreIllegals: true }).value +
+                   '</code></pre>';
+          } catch (__) {}
+        }
+        return '<pre><code class="hljs">' + md.value.utils.escapeHtml(str) + '</code></pre>';
+      }
+    }));
+    // support latex with double dollar sign and square brackets
+    md.value.use(markdownItKatexGpt, {
+      delimiters: [
+        { left: '\\[', right: '\\]', display: true },
+        { left: '\\(', right: '\\)', display: false },
+        { left: '$$', right: '$$', display: false },
+        // do not add single dollar sign here, other wise it will confused with dollar used for money symbol
+      ],
+      throwOnError: false,
+    });
+    // support latex with single dollar sign
+    md.value.use(markdownItKatexNormal, { throwOnError: false });
+    // add copy button to code blocks
    const origFenchRenderer = md.value.renderer.rules.fence;
    md.value.renderer.rules.fence = (tokens, idx, ...args) => {
      const content = tokens[idx].content;
@@ -101,6 +147,48 @@ const SettingsModalShortInput = defineComponent({
  },
 });

+// message bubble component
+const MessageBubble = defineComponent({
+  components: {
+    VueMarkdown
+  },
+  template: document.getElementById('message-bubble').innerHTML,
+  props: {
+    config: Object,
+    msg: Object,
+    isGenerating: Boolean,
+    editUserMsgAndRegenerate: Function,
+    regenerateMsg: Function,
+  },
+  data() {
+    return {
+      editingContent: null,
+    };
+  },
+  computed: {
+    timings() {
+      if (!this.msg.timings) return null;
+      return {
+        ...this.msg.timings,
+        prompt_per_second: this.msg.timings.prompt_n / (this.msg.timings.prompt_ms / 1000),
+        predicted_per_second: this.msg.timings.predicted_n / (this.msg.timings.predicted_ms / 1000),
+      };
+    }
+  },
+  methods: {
+    copyMsg() {
+      copyStr(this.msg.content);
+    },
+    editMsg() {
+      this.editUserMsgAndRegenerate({
+        ...this.msg,
+        content: this.editingContent,
+      });
+      this.editingContent = null;
+    },
+  },
+});
+
 // coversations is stored in localStorage
 // format: { [convId]: { id: string, lastModified: number, messages: [...] } }
 // convId is a string prefixed with 'conv-'
@@ -192,10 +280,29 @@ const chatScrollToBottom = (requiresNearBottom) => {
  }
 };

+// wrapper for SSE
+async function* sendSSEPostRequest(url, fetchOptions) {
+  const res = await fetch(url, fetchOptions);
+  const lines = res.body
+    .pipeThrough(new TextDecoderStream())
+    .pipeThrough(new TextLineStream());
+  for await (const line of asyncIterator(lines)) {
+    if (isDev) console.log({line});
+    if (line.startsWith('data:') && !line.endsWith('[DONE]')) {
+      const data = JSON.parse(line.slice(5));
+      yield data;
+    } else if (line.startsWith('error:')) {
+      const data = JSON.parse(line.slice(6));
+      throw new Error(data.message || 'Unknown error');
+    }
+  }
+};
+
 const mainApp = createApp({
  components: {
    VueMarkdown,
    SettingsModalShortInput,
+    MessageBubble,
  },
  data() {
    return {
@@ -209,11 +316,11 @@ const mainApp = createApp({
      selectedTheme: StorageUtils.getTheme(),
      config: StorageUtils.getConfig(),
      showConfigDialog: false,
-      editingMsg: null,
      // const
      themes: THEMES,
      configDefault: {...CONFIG_DEFAULT},
      configInfo: {...CONFIG_INFO},
+      isDev,
    }
  },
  computed: {},
@@ -225,6 +332,16 @@ const mainApp = createApp({
      if (this.isGenerating) chatScrollToBottom(true);
    });
    resizeObserver.observe(pendingMsgElem);
+    this.setSelectedTheme(this.selectedTheme);
+  },
+  watch: {
+    viewingConvId: function(val, oldVal) {
+      if (val != oldVal) {
+        this.fetchMessages();
+        chatScrollToBottom();
+        this.hideSidebar();
+      }
+    }
  },
  methods: {
    hideSidebar() {
@@ -232,23 +349,17 @@ const mainApp = createApp({
    },
    setSelectedTheme(theme) {
      this.selectedTheme = theme;
+      document.body.setAttribute('data-theme', theme);
+      document.body.setAttribute('data-color-scheme', daisyuiThemes[theme]?.['color-scheme'] ?? 'auto');
      StorageUtils.setTheme(theme);
    },
    newConversation() {
      if (this.isGenerating) return;
      this.viewingConvId = StorageUtils.getNewConvId();
-      this.editingMsg = null;
-      this.fetchMessages();
-      chatScrollToBottom();
-      this.hideSidebar();
    },
    setViewingConv(convId) {
      if (this.isGenerating) return;
      this.viewingConvId = convId;
-      this.editingMsg = null;
-      this.fetchMessages();
-      chatScrollToBottom();
-      this.hideSidebar();
    },
    deleteConv(convId) {
      if (this.isGenerating) return;
@@ -256,7 +367,6 @@ const mainApp = createApp({
        StorageUtils.remove(convId);
        if (this.viewingConvId === convId) {
          this.viewingConvId = StorageUtils.getNewConvId();
-          this.editingMsg = null;
        }
        this.fetchConversation();
        this.fetchMessages();
@@ -291,7 +401,6 @@ const mainApp = createApp({
      this.fetchConversation();
      this.fetchMessages();
      this.inputMsg = '';
-      this.editingMsg = null;
      this.generateMessage(currConvId);
      chatScrollToBottom();
    },
@@ -299,7 +408,6 @@ const mainApp = createApp({
      if (this.isGenerating) return;
      this.pendingMsg = { id: Date.now()+1, role: 'assistant', content: null };
      this.isGenerating = true;
-      this.editingMsg = null;

      try {
        const abortController = new AbortController();
@@ -330,17 +438,21 @@ const mainApp = createApp({
          dry_allowed_length: this.config.dry_allowed_length,
          dry_penalty_last_n: this.config.dry_penalty_last_n,
          max_tokens: this.config.max_tokens,
+          timings_per_token: !!this.config.showTokensPerSecond,
          ...(this.config.custom.length ? JSON.parse(this.config.custom) : {}),
-          ...(this.config.apiKey ? { api_key: this.config.apiKey } : {}),
        };
-        const config = {
-          controller: abortController,
-          api_url: BASE_URL,
-          endpoint: '/chat/completions',
-        };
-        for await (const chunk of llama(prompt, params, config)) {
-          const stop = chunk.data.stop;
-          const addedContent = chunk.data.choices[0].delta.content;
+        const chunks = sendSSEPostRequest(`${BASE_URL}/v1/chat/completions`, {
+          method: 'POST',
+          headers: {
+            'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+            ...(this.config.apiKey ? {'Authorization': `Bearer ${this.config.apiKey}`} : {})
+          },
+          body: JSON.stringify(params),
+          signal: abortController.signal,
+        });
+        for await (const chunk of chunks) {
+          const stop = chunk.stop;
+          const addedContent = chunk.choices[0].delta.content;
          const lastContent = this.pendingMsg.content || '';
          if (addedContent) {
            this.pendingMsg = {
@@ -349,6 +461,16 @@ const mainApp = createApp({
              content: lastContent + addedContent,
            };
          }
+          const timings = chunk.timings;
+          if (timings && this.config.showTokensPerSecond) {
+            // only extract what's really needed, to save some space
+            this.pendingMsg.timings = {
+              prompt_n: timings.prompt_n,
+              prompt_ms: timings.prompt_ms,
+              predicted_n: timings.predicted_n,
+              predicted_ms: timings.predicted_ms,
+            };
+          }
        }

        StorageUtils.appendMsg(currConvId, this.pendingMsg);
@@ -387,14 +509,10 @@ const mainApp = createApp({
      this.fetchMessages();
      this.generateMessage(currConvId);
    },
-    copyMsg(msg) {
-      copyStr(msg.content);
-    },
    editUserMsgAndRegenerate(msg) {
      if (this.isGenerating) return;
      const currConvId = this.viewingConvId;
      const newContent = msg.content;
-      this.editingMsg = null;
      StorageUtils.filterAndKeepMsgs(currConvId, (m) => m.id < msg.id);
      StorageUtils.appendMsg(currConvId, {
        id: Date.now(),
@@ -441,6 +559,17 @@ const mainApp = createApp({
    fetchMessages() {
      this.messages = StorageUtils.getOneConversation(this.viewingConvId)?.messages ?? [];
    },
+
+    // debug functions
+    async debugImportDemoConv() {
+      const res = await fetch('/demo-conversation.json');
+      const demoConv = await res.json();
+      StorageUtils.remove(demoConv.id);
+      for (const msg of demoConv.messages) {
+        StorageUtils.appendMsg(demoConv.id, msg);
+      }
+      this.fetchConversation();
+    }
  },
 });
 mainApp.config.errorHandler = alert;
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-@tailwind base;
-@tailwind components;
-@tailwind utilities;
-
-.markdown {
-  h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, ul, ol, li { all: revert; }
-  pre {
-    @apply whitespace-pre-wrap rounded-lg p-2;
-    border: 1px solid currentColor;
-  }
-  /* TODO: fix markdown table */
-}
-
-.show-on-hover {
-  @apply md:opacity-0 md:group-hover:opacity-100;
-}
-.btn-mini {
-  @apply cursor-pointer hover:shadow-md;
-}
-.chat-screen { max-width: 900px; }
-
-.chat-bubble-base-300 {
-  --tw-bg-opacity: 1;
-  --tw-text-opacity: 1;
-  @apply bg-base-300 text-base-content;
-}
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+@use "sass:meta";
+
+@tailwind base;
+@tailwind components;
+@tailwind utilities;
+
+.markdown {
+  h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, ul, ol, li { all: revert; }
+  pre {
+    @apply whitespace-pre-wrap rounded-lg p-2;
+    border: 1px solid currentColor;
+  }
+  /* TODO: fix markdown table */
+}
+
+.show-on-hover {
+  @apply md:opacity-0 md:group-hover:opacity-100;
+}
+.btn-mini {
+  @apply cursor-pointer hover:shadow-md;
+}
+.chat-screen { max-width: 900px; }
+
+.chat-bubble-base-300 {
+  --tw-bg-opacity: 1;
+  --tw-text-opacity: 1;
+  @apply bg-base-300 text-base-content;
+}
+
+/* Highlight.js */
+[data-color-scheme='light'] {
+  @include meta.load-css('highlight.js/styles/stackoverflow-light');
+}
+[data-color-scheme='dark'] {
+  @include meta.load-css('highlight.js/styles/stackoverflow-dark');
+}
+[data-color-scheme='auto'] {
+  @media (prefers-color-scheme: light) {
+    @include meta.load-css('highlight.js/styles/stackoverflow-light');
+  }
+  @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
+    @include meta.load-css('highlight.js/styles/stackoverflow-dark');
+  }
+}
+.hljs {
+  background: transparent !important;
+  padding: 0.5em !important;
+}
@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
 import { viteSingleFile } from 'vite-plugin-singlefile';
 import path from 'path';
 import fs from 'fs';
+import zlib from 'zlib';
+
+const MAX_BUNDLE_SIZE = 1.5 * 1024 * 1024; // only increase when absolutely necessary

 const GUIDE_FOR_FRONTEND = `
 <!--
@@ -12,25 +15,45 @@ const GUIDE_FOR_FRONTEND = `
 -->
 `.trim();

-export default {
-  plugins: [
-    viteSingleFile(),
-    (function llamaCppPlugin() {
-      let config;
-      return {
-        name: 'llamacpp:build',
-        apply: 'build',
-        async configResolved(_config) {
-          config = _config;
-        },
-        writeBundle() {
-          const outputIndexHtml = path.join(config.build.outDir, 'index.html');
-          const content = fs.readFileSync(outputIndexHtml, 'utf-8');
+const BUILD_PLUGINS = [
+  viteSingleFile(),
+  (function llamaCppPlugin() {
+    let config;
+    return {
+      name: 'llamacpp:build',
+      apply: 'build',
+      async configResolved(_config) {
+        config = _config;
+      },
+      writeBundle() {
+        const outputIndexHtml = path.join(config.build.outDir, 'index.html');
+        const content = GUIDE_FOR_FRONTEND + '\n' + fs.readFileSync(outputIndexHtml, 'utf-8');
+        const compressed = zlib.gzipSync(Buffer.from(content, 'utf-8'), { level: 9 });

-          const targetOutputFile = path.join(config.build.outDir, '../../public/index.html');
-          fs.writeFileSync(targetOutputFile, GUIDE_FOR_FRONTEND + '\n' + content);
+        // because gzip header contains machine-specific info, we must remove these data from the header
+        // timestamp
+        compressed[0x4] = 0;
+        compressed[0x5] = 0;
+        compressed[0x6] = 0;
+        compressed[0x7] = 0;
+        // OS
+        compressed[0x9] = 0;
+
+        if (compressed.byteLength > MAX_BUNDLE_SIZE) {
+          throw new Error(
+            `Bundle size is too large (${Math.ceil(compressed.byteLength / 1024)} KB).\n` +
+            `Please reduce the size of the frontend or increase MAX_BUNDLE_SIZE in vite.config.js.\n`,
+          );
        }
+
+        const targetOutputFile = path.join(config.build.outDir, '../../public/index.html.gz');
+        fs.writeFileSync(targetOutputFile, compressed);
      }
-    })(),
-  ],
+    }
+  })(),
+];
+
+/** @type {import('vite').UserConfig} */
+export default {
+  plugins: process.env.ANALYZE ? [] : BUILD_PLUGINS,
 };
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ int main(int raw_argc, char ** raw_argv) {
    }

    if (show_token_count) {
-        printf("Total number of tokens: %ld\n", tokens.size());
+        printf("Total number of tokens: %zu\n", tokens.size());
    }
    // silence valgrind
    llama_free(ctx);
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+set(TARGET llama-tts)
+add_executable(${TARGET} tts.cpp)
+install(TARGETS ${TARGET} RUNTIME)
+target_link_libraries(${TARGET} PRIVATE llama common ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
+target_compile_features(${TARGET} PRIVATE cxx_std_17)
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+# convert the https://huggingface.co/novateur/WavTokenizer-large-speech-75token to HF format
+# the goal is to be able to reuse the convert_hf_to_gguf.py after that to create a GGUF file with the WavTokenizer decoder
+#
+# TODO: this script is LLM-generated and probably very inefficient and should be rewritten
+
+import torch
+import json
+import os
+import sys
+import re
+
+from safetensors.torch import save_file
+
+# default
+model_path = './model.pt';
+
+# read from CLI
+if len(sys.argv) > 1:
+    model_path = sys.argv[1]
+
+# get the directory of the input model
+path_dst = os.path.dirname(model_path)
+
+print(f"Loading model from {model_path}")
+
+model = torch.load(model_path, map_location='cpu')
+
+#print(model)
+
+# print all keys
+for key in model.keys():
+    print(key)
+    if key == 'hyper_parameters':
+        #print(model[key])
+        # dump as json pretty
+        print(json.dumps(model[key], indent=4))
+    #if key != 'state_dict' and key != 'optimizer_states':
+    #    print(model[key])
+
+# Check if the loaded model is a state_dict or a model instance
+if isinstance(model, torch.nn.Module):
+    state_dict = model.state_dict()
+else:
+    state_dict = model
+
+# Print the structure of the state_dict to understand its format
+print("State dictionary keys:")
+for key in state_dict.keys():
+    print(key)
+
+# Ensure the state_dict is flat and contains only torch.Tensor objects
+def flatten_state_dict(state_dict, parent_key='', sep='.'):
+    items = []
+    items_new = []
+
+    for k, v in state_dict.items():
+        new_key = f"{parent_key}{sep}{k}" if parent_key else k
+        if isinstance(v, torch.Tensor):
+            items.append((new_key, v))
+        elif isinstance(v, dict):
+            items.extend(flatten_state_dict(v, new_key, sep=sep).items())
+            return dict(items)
+
+    size_total_mb = 0
+
+    for key, value in list(items):
+        # keep only what we need for inference
+        if not key.startswith('state_dict.feature_extractor.encodec.quantizer.') and \
+           not key.startswith('state_dict.backbone.') and \
+           not key.startswith('state_dict.head.out'):
+               print('Skipping key: ', key)
+               continue
+
+        new_key = key
+
+        new_key = new_key.replace('state_dict.', '')
+        new_key = new_key.replace('pos_net', 'posnet')
+
+        # check if matches "backbone.posnet.%d.bias" or "backbone.posnet.%d.weight"
+        if new_key.startswith("backbone.posnet."):
+            match = re.match(r"backbone\.posnet\.(\d+)\.(bias|weight)", new_key)
+            if match:
+               new_key = f"backbone.posnet.{match.group(1)}.norm.{match.group(2)}"
+
+        # "feature_extractor.encodec.quantizer.vq.layers.0._codebook.embed" -> "backbone.embedding.weight"
+        if new_key == "feature_extractor.encodec.quantizer.vq.layers.0._codebook.embed":
+            new_key = "backbone.embedding.weight"
+
+        # these are the only rows used
+        # ref: https://github.com/edwko/OuteTTS/blob/a613e79c489d8256dd657ea9168d78de75895d82/outetts/wav_tokenizer/audio_codec.py#L100
+        if new_key.endswith("norm.scale.weight"):
+            new_key = new_key.replace("norm.scale.weight", "norm.weight")
+            value = value[0]
+
+        if new_key.endswith("norm.shift.weight"):
+            new_key = new_key.replace("norm.shift.weight", "norm.bias")
+            value = value[0]
+
+        if new_key.endswith("gamma"):
+            new_key = new_key.replace("gamma", "gamma.weight")
+
+        # convert from 1D [768] to 2D [768, 1] so that ggml_add can broadcast the bias
+        if (new_key.endswith("norm.weight") or new_key.endswith("norm1.weight") or new_key.endswith("norm2.weight") or new_key.endswith(".bias")) and (new_key.startswith("backbone.posnet") or new_key.startswith("backbone.embed.bias")):
+            value = value.unsqueeze(1)
+
+        if new_key.endswith("dwconv.bias"):
+            value = value.unsqueeze(1)
+
+        size_mb = value.element_size() * value.nelement() / (1024 * 1024)
+        print(f"{size_mb:8.2f} MB - {new_key}: {value.shape}")
+
+        size_total_mb += size_mb
+
+        #print(key, '->', new_key, ': ', value)
+        #print(key, '->', new_key)
+
+        items_new.append((new_key, value))
+
+    print(f"Total size: {size_total_mb:8.2f} MB")
+
+    return dict(items_new)
+
+flattened_state_dict = flatten_state_dict(state_dict)
+
+
+# Convert the model to the safetensors format
+output_path = path_dst + '/model.safetensors'
+save_file(flattened_state_dict, output_path)
+
+print(f"Model has been successfully converted and saved to {output_path}")
+
+# Calculate the total size of the .safetensors file
+total_size = os.path.getsize(output_path)
+
+# Create the weight map
+weight_map = {
+    "model.safetensors": ["*"]  # Assuming all weights are in one file
+}
+
+# Create metadata for the index.json file
+metadata = {
+    "total_size": total_size,
+    "weight_map": weight_map
+}
+
+# Save the metadata to index.json
+index_path = path_dst + '/index.json'
+with open(index_path, 'w') as f:
+    json.dump(metadata, f, indent=4)
+
+print(f"Metadata has been saved to {index_path}")
+
+config = {
+    "architectures": [
+        "WavTokenizerDec"
+    ],
+    "hidden_size": 1282,
+    "n_embd_features": 512,
+    "n_ff": 2304,
+    "vocab_size": 4096,
+    "n_head": 1,
+    "layer_norm_epsilon": 1e-6,
+    "group_norm_epsilon": 1e-6,
+    "group_norm_groups": 32,
+    "max_position_embeddings": 8192, # ?
+    "n_layer": 12,
+    "posnet": {
+        "n_embd": 768,
+        "n_layer": 6
+    },
+    "convnext": {
+        "n_embd": 768,
+        "n_layer": 12
+    },
+}
+
+with open(path_dst + '/config.json', 'w') as f:
+    json.dump(config, f, indent=4)
+
+print(f"Config has been saved to {path_dst + 'config.json'}")
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+import sys
+#import json
+#import struct
+import requests
+import re
+
+def process_text(text: str):
+    text = re.sub(r'\d+(\.\d+)?', lambda x: x.group(), text.lower()) # TODO this needs to be fixed
+    text = re.sub(r'[-_/,\.\\]', ' ', text)
+    text = re.sub(r'[^a-z\s]', '', text)
+    text = re.sub(r'\s+', ' ', text).strip()
+    return text.split()
+
+# usage:
+# python tts-outetts.py http://server-llm:port http://server-dec:port "text"
+
+if len(sys.argv) <= 3:
+    print("usage: python tts-outetts.py http://server-llm:port http://server-dec:port \"text\"")
+    exit(1)
+
+host_llm = sys.argv[1]
+host_dec = sys.argv[2]
+text = sys.argv[3]
+
+prefix = """<|im_start|>
+<|text_start|>the<|text_sep|>overall<|text_sep|>package<|text_sep|>from<|text_sep|>just<|text_sep|>two<|text_sep|>people<|text_sep|>is<|text_sep|>pretty<|text_sep|>remarkable<|text_sep|>sure<|text_sep|>i<|text_sep|>have<|text_sep|>some<|text_sep|>critiques<|text_sep|>about<|text_sep|>some<|text_sep|>of<|text_sep|>the<|text_sep|>gameplay<|text_sep|>aspects<|text_sep|>but<|text_sep|>its<|text_sep|>still<|text_sep|>really<|text_sep|>enjoyable<|text_sep|>and<|text_sep|>it<|text_sep|>looks<|text_sep|>lovely<|text_sep|>"""
+
+words = process_text(text)
+words = "<|text_sep|>".join([i.strip() for i in words])
+words += "<|text_end|>\n"
+
+# voice data
+# TODO: load from json
+#suffix = """<|audio_start|>
+#the<|t_0.08|><|code_start|><|257|><|740|><|636|><|913|><|788|><|1703|><|code_end|>
+#overall<|t_0.36|><|code_start|><|127|><|201|><|191|><|774|><|700|><|532|><|1056|><|557|><|798|><|298|><|1741|><|747|><|1662|><|1617|><|1702|><|1527|><|368|><|1588|><|1049|><|1008|><|1625|><|747|><|1576|><|728|><|1019|><|1696|><|1765|><|code_end|>
+#package<|t_0.56|><|code_start|><|935|><|584|><|1319|><|627|><|1016|><|1491|><|1344|><|1117|><|1526|><|1040|><|239|><|1435|><|951|><|498|><|723|><|1180|><|535|><|789|><|1649|><|1637|><|78|><|465|><|1668|><|901|><|595|><|1675|><|117|><|1009|><|1667|><|320|><|840|><|79|><|507|><|1762|><|1508|><|1228|><|1768|><|802|><|1450|><|1457|><|232|><|639|><|code_end|>
+#from<|t_0.19|><|code_start|><|604|><|782|><|1682|><|872|><|1532|><|1600|><|1036|><|1761|><|647|><|1554|><|1371|><|653|><|1595|><|950|><|code_end|>
+#just<|t_0.25|><|code_start|><|1782|><|1670|><|317|><|786|><|1748|><|631|><|599|><|1155|><|1364|><|1524|><|36|><|1591|><|889|><|1535|><|541|><|440|><|1532|><|50|><|870|><|code_end|>
+#two<|t_0.24|><|code_start|><|1681|><|1510|><|673|><|799|><|805|><|1342|><|330|><|519|><|62|><|640|><|1138|><|565|><|1552|><|1497|><|1552|><|572|><|1715|><|1732|><|code_end|>
+#people<|t_0.39|><|code_start|><|593|><|274|><|136|><|740|><|691|><|633|><|1484|><|1061|><|1138|><|1485|><|344|><|428|><|397|><|1562|><|645|><|917|><|1035|><|1449|><|1669|><|487|><|442|><|1484|><|1329|><|1832|><|1704|><|600|><|761|><|653|><|269|><|code_end|>
+#is<|t_0.16|><|code_start|><|566|><|583|><|1755|><|646|><|1337|><|709|><|802|><|1008|><|485|><|1583|><|652|><|10|><|code_end|>
+#pretty<|t_0.32|><|code_start|><|1818|><|1747|><|692|><|733|><|1010|><|534|><|406|><|1697|><|1053|><|1521|><|1355|><|1274|><|816|><|1398|><|211|><|1218|><|817|><|1472|><|1703|><|686|><|13|><|822|><|445|><|1068|><|code_end|>
+#remarkable<|t_0.68|><|code_start|><|230|><|1048|><|1705|><|355|><|706|><|1149|><|1535|><|1787|><|1356|><|1396|><|835|><|1583|><|486|><|1249|><|286|><|937|><|1076|><|1150|><|614|><|42|><|1058|><|705|><|681|><|798|><|934|><|490|><|514|><|1399|><|572|><|1446|><|1703|><|1346|><|1040|><|1426|><|1304|><|664|><|171|><|1530|><|625|><|64|><|1708|><|1830|><|1030|><|443|><|1509|><|1063|><|1605|><|1785|><|721|><|1440|><|923|><|code_end|>
+#sure<|t_0.36|><|code_start|><|792|><|1780|><|923|><|1640|><|265|><|261|><|1525|><|567|><|1491|><|1250|><|1730|><|362|><|919|><|1766|><|543|><|1|><|333|><|113|><|970|><|252|><|1606|><|133|><|302|><|1810|><|1046|><|1190|><|1675|><|code_end|>
+#i<|t_0.08|><|code_start|><|123|><|439|><|1074|><|705|><|1799|><|637|><|code_end|>
+#have<|t_0.16|><|code_start|><|1509|><|599|><|518|><|1170|><|552|><|1029|><|1267|><|864|><|419|><|143|><|1061|><|0|><|code_end|>
+#some<|t_0.16|><|code_start|><|619|><|400|><|1270|><|62|><|1370|><|1832|><|917|><|1661|><|167|><|269|><|1366|><|1508|><|code_end|>
+#critiques<|t_0.60|><|code_start|><|559|><|584|><|1163|><|1129|><|1313|><|1728|><|721|><|1146|><|1093|><|577|><|928|><|27|><|630|><|1080|><|1346|><|1337|><|320|><|1382|><|1175|><|1682|><|1556|><|990|><|1683|><|860|><|1721|><|110|><|786|><|376|><|1085|><|756|><|1523|><|234|><|1334|><|1506|><|1578|><|659|><|612|><|1108|><|1466|><|1647|><|308|><|1470|><|746|><|556|><|1061|><|code_end|>
+#about<|t_0.29|><|code_start|><|26|><|1649|><|545|><|1367|><|1263|><|1728|><|450|><|859|><|1434|><|497|><|1220|><|1285|><|179|><|755|><|1154|><|779|><|179|><|1229|><|1213|><|922|><|1774|><|1408|><|code_end|>
+#some<|t_0.23|><|code_start|><|986|><|28|><|1649|><|778|><|858|><|1519|><|1|><|18|><|26|><|1042|><|1174|><|1309|><|1499|><|1712|><|1692|><|1516|><|1574|><|code_end|>
+#of<|t_0.07|><|code_start|><|197|><|716|><|1039|><|1662|><|64|><|code_end|>
+#the<|t_0.08|><|code_start|><|1811|><|1568|><|569|><|886|><|1025|><|1374|><|code_end|>
+#gameplay<|t_0.48|><|code_start|><|1269|><|1092|><|933|><|1362|><|1762|><|1700|><|1675|><|215|><|781|><|1086|><|461|><|838|><|1022|><|759|><|649|><|1416|><|1004|><|551|><|909|><|787|><|343|><|830|><|1391|><|1040|><|1622|><|1779|><|1360|><|1231|><|1187|><|1317|><|76|><|997|><|989|><|978|><|737|><|189|><|code_end|>
+#aspects<|t_0.56|><|code_start|><|1423|><|797|><|1316|><|1222|><|147|><|719|><|1347|><|386|><|1390|><|1558|><|154|><|440|><|634|><|592|><|1097|><|1718|><|712|><|763|><|1118|><|1721|><|1311|><|868|><|580|><|362|><|1435|><|868|><|247|><|221|><|886|><|1145|><|1274|><|1284|><|457|><|1043|><|1459|><|1818|><|62|><|599|><|1035|><|62|><|1649|><|778|><|code_end|>
+#but<|t_0.20|><|code_start|><|780|><|1825|><|1681|><|1007|><|861|><|710|><|702|><|939|><|1669|><|1491|><|613|><|1739|><|823|><|1469|><|648|><|code_end|>
+#its<|t_0.09|><|code_start|><|92|><|688|><|1623|><|962|><|1670|><|527|><|599|><|code_end|>
+#still<|t_0.27|><|code_start|><|636|><|10|><|1217|><|344|><|713|><|957|><|823|><|154|><|1649|><|1286|><|508|><|214|><|1760|><|1250|><|456|><|1352|><|1368|><|921|><|615|><|5|><|code_end|>
+#really<|t_0.36|><|code_start|><|55|><|420|><|1008|><|1659|><|27|><|644|><|1266|><|617|><|761|><|1712|><|109|><|1465|><|1587|><|503|><|1541|><|619|><|197|><|1019|><|817|><|269|><|377|><|362|><|1381|><|507|><|1488|><|4|><|1695|><|code_end|>
+#enjoyable<|t_0.49|><|code_start|><|678|><|501|><|864|><|319|><|288|><|1472|><|1341|><|686|><|562|><|1463|><|619|><|1563|><|471|><|911|><|730|><|1811|><|1006|><|520|><|861|><|1274|><|125|><|1431|><|638|><|621|><|153|><|876|><|1770|><|437|><|987|><|1653|><|1109|><|898|><|1285|><|80|><|593|><|1709|><|843|><|code_end|>
+#and<|t_0.15|><|code_start|><|1285|><|987|><|303|><|1037|><|730|><|1164|><|502|><|120|><|1737|><|1655|><|1318|><|code_end|>
+#it<|t_0.09|><|code_start|><|848|><|1366|><|395|><|1601|><|1513|><|593|><|1302|><|code_end|>
+#looks<|t_0.27|><|code_start|><|1281|><|1266|><|1755|><|572|><|248|><|1751|><|1257|><|695|><|1380|><|457|><|659|><|585|><|1315|><|1105|><|1776|><|736|><|24|><|736|><|654|><|1027|><|code_end|>
+#lovely<|t_0.56|><|code_start|><|634|><|596|><|1766|><|1556|><|1306|><|1285|><|1481|><|1721|><|1123|><|438|><|1246|><|1251|><|795|><|659|><|1381|><|1658|><|217|><|1772|><|562|><|952|><|107|><|1129|><|1112|><|467|><|550|><|1079|><|840|><|1615|><|1469|><|1380|><|168|><|917|><|836|><|1827|><|437|><|583|><|67|><|595|><|1087|><|1646|><|1493|><|1677|><|code_end|>"""
+
+# TODO: tokenization is slow for some reason - here is pre-tokenized input
+suffix = [ 151667, 198, 1782, 155780, 151669, 151929, 152412, 152308, 152585, 152460, 153375, 151670, 198, 74455,
+          155808, 151669, 151799, 151873, 151863, 152446, 152372, 152204, 152728, 152229, 152470, 151970, 153413,
+          152419, 153334, 153289, 153374, 153199, 152040, 153260, 152721, 152680, 153297, 152419, 153248, 152400,
+          152691, 153368, 153437, 151670, 198, 1722, 155828, 151669, 152607, 152256, 152991, 152299, 152688, 153163,
+          153016, 152789, 153198, 152712, 151911, 153107, 152623, 152170, 152395, 152852, 152207, 152461, 153321,
+          153309, 151750, 152137, 153340, 152573, 152267, 153347, 151789, 152681, 153339, 151992, 152512, 151751,
+          152179, 153434, 153180, 152900, 153440, 152474, 153122, 153129, 151904, 152311, 151670, 198, 1499, 155791,
+          151669, 152276, 152454, 153354, 152544, 153204, 153272, 152708, 153433, 152319, 153226, 153043, 152325,
+          153267, 152622, 151670, 198, 4250, 155797, 151669, 153454, 153342, 151989, 152458, 153420, 152303, 152271,
+          152827, 153036, 153196, 151708, 153263, 152561, 153207, 152213, 152112, 153204, 151722, 152542, 151670, 198,
+          19789, 155796, 151669, 153353, 153182, 152345, 152471, 152477, 153014, 152002, 152191, 151734, 152312, 152810,
+          152237, 153224, 153169, 153224, 152244, 153387, 153404, 151670, 198, 16069, 155811, 151669, 152265, 151946,
+          151808, 152412, 152363, 152305, 153156, 152733, 152810, 153157, 152016, 152100, 152069, 153234, 152317,
+          152589, 152707, 153121, 153341, 152159, 152114, 153156, 153001, 153504, 153376, 152272, 152433, 152325,
+          151941, 151670, 198, 285, 155788, 151669, 152238, 152255, 153427, 152318, 153009, 152381, 152474, 152680,
+          152157, 153255, 152324, 151682, 151670, 198, 32955, 155804, 151669, 153490, 153419, 152364, 152405, 152682,
+          152206, 152078, 153369, 152725, 153193, 153027, 152946, 152488, 153070, 151883, 152890, 152489, 153144,
+          153375, 152358, 151685, 152494, 152117, 152740, 151670, 198, 37448, 480, 155840, 151669, 151902, 152720,
+          153377, 152027, 152378, 152821, 153207, 153459, 153028, 153068, 152507, 153255, 152158, 152921, 151958,
+          152609, 152748, 152822, 152286, 151714, 152730, 152377, 152353, 152470, 152606, 152162, 152186, 153071,
+          152244, 153118, 153375, 153018, 152712, 153098, 152976, 152336, 151843, 153202, 152297, 151736, 153380,
+          153502, 152702, 152115, 153181, 152735, 153277, 153457, 152393, 153112, 152595, 151670, 198, 19098, 155808,
+          151669, 152464, 153452, 152595, 153312, 151937, 151933, 153197, 152239, 153163, 152922, 153402, 152034,
+          152591, 153438, 152215, 151673, 152005, 151785, 152642, 151924, 153278, 151805, 151974, 153482, 152718,
+          152862, 153347, 151670, 198, 72, 155780, 151669, 151795, 152111, 152746, 152377, 153471, 152309, 151670, 198,
+          19016, 155788, 151669, 153181, 152271, 152190, 152842, 152224, 152701, 152939, 152536, 152091, 151815, 152733,
+          151672, 151670, 198, 14689, 155788, 151669, 152291, 152072, 152942, 151734, 153042, 153504, 152589, 153333,
+          151839, 151941, 153038, 153180, 151670, 198, 36996, 8303, 155832, 151669, 152231, 152256, 152835, 152801,
+          152985, 153400, 152393, 152818, 152765, 152249, 152600, 151699, 152302, 152752, 153018, 153009, 151992,
+          153054, 152847, 153354, 153228, 152662, 153355, 152532, 153393, 151782, 152458, 152048, 152757, 152428,
+          153195, 151906, 153006, 153178, 153250, 152331, 152284, 152780, 153138, 153319, 151980, 153142, 152418,
+          152228, 152733, 151670, 198, 9096, 155801, 151669, 151698, 153321, 152217, 153039, 152935, 153400, 152122,
+          152531, 153106, 152169, 152892, 152957, 151851, 152427, 152826, 152451, 151851, 152901, 152885, 152594,
+          153446, 153080, 151670, 198, 14689, 155795, 151669, 152658, 151700, 153321, 152450, 152530, 153191, 151673,
+          151690, 151698, 152714, 152846, 152981, 153171, 153384, 153364, 153188, 153246, 151670, 198, 1055, 155779,
+          151669, 151869, 152388, 152711, 153334, 151736, 151670, 198, 1782, 155780, 151669, 153483, 153240, 152241,
+          152558, 152697, 153046, 151670, 198, 5804, 1363, 155820, 151669, 152941, 152764, 152605, 153034, 153434,
+          153372, 153347, 151887, 152453, 152758, 152133, 152510, 152694, 152431, 152321, 153088, 152676, 152223,
+          152581, 152459, 152015, 152502, 153063, 152712, 153294, 153451, 153032, 152903, 152859, 152989, 151748,
+          152669, 152661, 152650, 152409, 151861, 151670, 198, 300, 7973, 155828, 151669, 153095, 152469, 152988,
+          152894, 151819, 152391, 153019, 152058, 153062, 153230, 151826, 152112, 152306, 152264, 152769, 153390,
+          152384, 152435, 152790, 153393, 152983, 152540, 152252, 152034, 153107, 152540, 151919, 151893, 152558,
+          152817, 152946, 152956, 152129, 152715, 153131, 153490, 151734, 152271, 152707, 151734, 153321, 152450,
+          151670, 198, 8088, 155792, 151669, 152452, 153497, 153353, 152679, 152533, 152382, 152374, 152611, 153341,
+          153163, 152285, 153411, 152495, 153141, 152320, 151670, 198, 1199, 155781, 151669, 151764, 152360, 153295,
+          152634, 153342, 152199, 152271, 151670, 198, 43366, 155799, 151669, 152308, 151682, 152889, 152016, 152385,
+          152629, 152495, 151826, 153321, 152958, 152180, 151886, 153432, 152922, 152128, 153024, 153040, 152593,
+          152287, 151677, 151670, 198, 53660, 155808, 151669, 151727, 152092, 152680, 153331, 151699, 152316, 152938,
+          152289, 152433, 153384, 151781, 153137, 153259, 152175, 153213, 152291, 151869, 152691, 152489, 151941,
+          152049, 152034, 153053, 152179, 153160, 151676, 153367, 151670, 198, 268, 4123, 480, 155821, 151669, 152350,
+          152173, 152536, 151991, 151960, 153144, 153013, 152358, 152234, 153135, 152291, 153235, 152143, 152583,
+          152402, 153483, 152678, 152192, 152533, 152946, 151797, 153103, 152310, 152293, 151825, 152548, 153442,
+          152109, 152659, 153325, 152781, 152570, 152957, 151752, 152265, 153381, 152515, 151670, 198, 437, 155787,
+          151669, 152957, 152659, 151975, 152709, 152402, 152836, 152174, 151792, 153409, 153327, 152990, 151670, 198,
+          275, 155781, 151669, 152520, 153038, 152067, 153273, 153185, 152265, 152974, 151670, 198, 94273, 155799,
+          151669, 152953, 152938, 153427, 152244, 151920, 153423, 152929, 152367, 153052, 152129, 152331, 152257,
+          152987, 152777, 153448, 152408, 151696, 152408, 152326, 152699, 151670, 198, 385, 16239, 155828, 151669,
+          152306, 152268, 153438, 153228, 152978, 152957, 153153, 153393, 152795, 152110, 152918, 152923, 152467,
+          152331, 153053, 153330, 151889, 153444, 152234, 152624, 151779, 152801, 152784, 152139, 152222, 152751,
+          152512, 153287, 153141, 153052, 151840, 152589, 152508, 153499, 152109, 152255, 151739, 152267, 152759,
+          153318, 153165, 153349, 151670, ]
+
+response = requests.post(
+    host_llm + "/completion",
+    json={
+        "prompt": [prefix + words, *suffix],
+        "n_predict": 1024,
+        "cache_prompt": True,
+        "return_tokens": True,
+        "samplers": ["top_k"],
+        "top_k": 16,
+        "seed": 1003,
+    }
+)
+
+response_json = response.json()
+
+#print(json.dumps(response_json, indent=4))
+#print(json.dumps(response_json["prompt"], indent=4).replace("\\n", "\n"))
+#print(json.dumps(response_json["timings"], indent=4))
+#print(json.dumps(response_json["tokens"], indent=4))
+
+codes = response_json["tokens"]
+
+codes = [t - 151672 for t in codes if t >= 151672 and t <= 155772]
+
+response = requests.post(
+    host_dec + "/embeddings",
+    json={
+        "input": [*codes],
+    }
+)
+
+response_json = response.json()
+
+#print(json.dumps(response_json, indent=4))
+
+# spectrogram
+embd = response_json[0]["embedding"]
+
+n_codes = len(embd)
+n_embd = len(embd[0])
+
+print('spectrogram generated: n_codes: %d, n_embd: %d' % (n_codes, n_embd))
+
+# post-process the spectrogram to convert to audio
+# TODO: see the tts.cpp:embd_to_audio() and implement it in Python
+print('converting to audio ...')
+print('TODO: see the tts.cpp:embd_to_audio() and implement it in Python')
@@ -0,0 +1,932 @@
+#include "arg.h"
+#include "common.h"
+#include "sampling.h"
+#include "log.h"
+#include "llama.h"
+
+#define _USE_MATH_DEFINES // For M_PI on MSVC
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <map>
+#include <regex>
+#include <string>
+#include <thread>
+#include <vector>
+
+//
+// Terminal utils
+//
+
+#define SQR(X)    ((X) * (X))
+#define UNCUBE(x) x < 48 ? 0 : x < 115 ? 1 : (x - 35) / 40
+
+/**
+ * Quantizes 24-bit RGB to xterm256 code range [16,256).
+ */
+static int rgb2xterm256(int r, int g, int b) {
+    unsigned char cube[] = {0, 0137, 0207, 0257, 0327, 0377};
+    int av, ir, ig, ib, il, qr, qg, qb, ql;
+    av = r * .299 + g * .587 + b * .114 + .5;
+    ql = (il = av > 238 ? 23 : (av - 3) / 10) * 10 + 8;
+    qr = cube[(ir = UNCUBE(r))];
+    qg = cube[(ig = UNCUBE(g))];
+    qb = cube[(ib = UNCUBE(b))];
+    if (SQR(qr - r) + SQR(qg - g) + SQR(qb - b) <=
+        SQR(ql - r) + SQR(ql - g) + SQR(ql - b))
+        return ir * 36 + ig * 6 + ib + 020;
+    return il + 0350;
+}
+
+static std::string set_xterm256_foreground(int r, int g, int b) {
+    int x = rgb2xterm256(r, g, b);
+    std::ostringstream oss;
+    oss << "\033[38;5;" << x << "m";
+    return oss.str();
+}
+
+const std::vector<std::string> k_colors = {
+    set_xterm256_foreground(220,   5,  12),
+    set_xterm256_foreground(232,  96,  28),
+    set_xterm256_foreground(241, 147,  45),
+    set_xterm256_foreground(246, 193,  65),
+    set_xterm256_foreground(247, 240,  86),
+    set_xterm256_foreground(144, 201, 135),
+    set_xterm256_foreground( 78, 178, 101),
+};
+
+static void print_usage(int, char ** argv) {
+    LOG("\nexample usage:\n");
+    LOG("\n    %s -m model.gguf -p \"Hello!\"\n", argv[0]);
+    LOG("\n");
+}
+
+struct wav_header {
+    char riff[4] = {'R', 'I', 'F', 'F'};
+    uint32_t chunk_size;
+    char wave[4] = {'W', 'A', 'V', 'E'};
+    char fmt[4] = {'f', 'm', 't', ' '};
+    uint32_t fmt_chunk_size = 16;
+    uint16_t audio_format = 1; // PCM
+    uint16_t num_channels = 1; // Mono
+    uint32_t sample_rate;
+    uint32_t byte_rate;
+    uint16_t block_align;
+    uint16_t bits_per_sample = 16;
+    char data[4] = {'d', 'a', 't', 'a'};
+    uint32_t data_size;
+};
+
+static void save_wav16(const std::string & fname, const std::vector<float> & data, int sample_rate) {
+    std::ofstream file(fname, std::ios::binary);
+    if (!file) {
+        LOG_ERR("%s: Failed to open file '%s' for writing", __func__, fname.c_str());
+        return;
+    }
+
+    wav_header header;
+    header.sample_rate = sample_rate;
+    header.byte_rate = header.sample_rate * header.num_channels * (header.bits_per_sample / 8);
+    header.block_align = header.num_channels * (header.bits_per_sample / 8);
+    header.data_size = data.size() * (header.bits_per_sample / 8);
+    header.chunk_size = 36 + header.data_size;
+
+    file.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&header), sizeof(header));
+
+    for (const auto & sample : data) {
+        int16_t pcm_sample = static_cast<int16_t>(std::clamp(sample * 32767.0, -32768.0, 32767.0));
+        file.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&pcm_sample), sizeof(pcm_sample));
+    }
+
+    file.close();
+}
+
+static void fill_hann_window(int length, bool periodic, float * output) {
+    int offset = -1;
+    if (periodic) {
+        offset = 0;
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+        output[i] = 0.5 * (1.0 - cosf((2.0 * M_PI * i) / (length + offset)));
+    }
+}
+
+// very poor-man fft
+static void twiddle(float * real, float * imag, int k, int N) {
+    float angle = 2 * M_PI * k / N;
+    *real = cos(angle);
+    *imag = sin(angle);
+}
+
+static void irfft(int n, const float * inp_cplx, float * out_real) {
+    int N = n / 2 + 1;
+
+    std::vector<float> real_input(N);
+    std::vector<float> imag_input(N);
+    for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
+        real_input[i] = inp_cplx[2 * i];
+        imag_input[i] = inp_cplx[2 * i + 1];
+    }
+
+    std::vector<float> real_output(n);
+    std::vector<float> imag_output(n);
+
+    for (int k = 0; k < n; ++k) {
+        real_output[k] = 0.0f;
+        imag_output[k] = 0.0f;
+        for (int m = 0; m < N; ++m) {
+            float twiddle_real;
+            float twiddle_imag;
+
+            twiddle(&twiddle_real, &twiddle_imag, k * m, n);
+
+            real_output[k] += real_input[m] * twiddle_real - imag_input[m] * twiddle_imag;
+            imag_output[k] += real_input[m] * twiddle_imag + imag_input[m] * twiddle_real;
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+        out_real[i] = real_output[i] / N;
+    }
+}
+
+//
+//  y = torch.nn.functional.fold(
+//       data, output_size=(1, output_size), kernel_size=(1, self.win_length), stride=(1, self.hop_length),
+//  )[:, 0, 0, pad:-pad]
+//
+// data.shape =  torch.Size([1, 1280, 261])
+// output_size =  84480
+// win_length =  1280
+// hop_length =  320
+// pad =  480
+//
+static void fold(const std::vector<float> & data, int64_t n_out, int64_t n_win, int64_t n_hop, int64_t n_pad, std::vector<float> & output) {
+    int64_t output_height = n_out;
+    int64_t kernel_w = n_win;
+    int64_t stride_w = n_hop;
+    int64_t width    = n_out;
+
+    output.resize(width, 0.0f);
+
+    int64_t col_idx = 0;
+    for (int64_t w_col = 0; w_col < width; ++w_col) {
+        int64_t start = w_col * stride_w - n_pad;
+        int64_t end   = start + kernel_w;
+
+        for (int64_t w_im = start; w_im < end; ++w_im) {
+            if (w_im >= 0 && w_im < output_height && col_idx < (int64_t) data.size()) {
+                output[w_im] += data[col_idx];
+            }
+            col_idx++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    output.resize(n_out - 2 * n_pad);
+}
+
+// TODO: not optimized at all
+static std::vector<float> embd_to_audio(
+        const float * embd,
+        const int n_codes,
+        const int n_embd,
+        const int n_thread) {
+    const int n_fft = 1280;
+    const int n_hop = 320;
+    const int n_win = 1280;
+    const int n_pad = (n_win - n_hop)/2;
+    const int n_out = (n_codes - 1)*n_hop + n_win;
+
+    std::vector<float> hann(n_fft);
+
+    fill_hann_window(hann.size(), true, hann.data());
+
+    int n_spec = n_embd*n_codes;
+
+    std::vector<float> E (n_spec);
+    std::vector<float> S (n_spec);
+    std::vector<float> ST(n_spec);
+
+    for (int l = 0; l < n_codes; ++l) {
+        for (int k = 0; k < n_embd; ++k) {
+            E[k*n_codes + l] = embd[l*n_embd + k];
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (int k = 0; k < n_embd/2; ++k) {
+        for (int l = 0; l < n_codes; ++l) {
+            float mag = E[(k           )*n_codes + l];
+            float phi = E[(k + n_embd/2)*n_codes + l];
+
+            mag = exp(mag);
+
+            if (mag > 1e2) {
+                mag = 1e2;
+            }
+            S[2*(k*n_codes + l) + 0] = mag*cosf(phi);
+            S[2*(k*n_codes + l) + 1] = mag*sinf(phi);
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (int l = 0; l < n_codes; ++l) {
+        for (int k = 0; k < n_embd/2; ++k) {
+            ST[l*n_embd + 2*k + 0] = S[2*(k*n_codes + l) + 0];
+            ST[l*n_embd + 2*k + 1] = S[2*(k*n_codes + l) + 1];
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::vector<float> res  (n_codes*n_fft);
+    std::vector<float> hann2(n_codes*n_fft);
+
+    std::vector<std::thread> workers(n_thread);
+    for (int i = 0; i < n_thread; ++i) {
+        workers[i] = std::thread([&, i]() {
+            for (int l = i; l < n_codes; l += n_thread) {
+                irfft(n_fft, ST.data() + l*n_embd, res.data() + l*n_fft);
+                for (int j = 0; j < n_fft; ++j) {
+                    res  [l*n_fft + j] *= hann[j];
+                    hann2[l*n_fft + j]  = hann[j] * hann[j];
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < n_thread; ++i) {
+        workers[i].join();
+    }
+
+    std::vector<float> audio;
+    std::vector<float> env;
+
+    fold(res,   n_out, n_win, n_hop, n_pad, audio);
+    fold(hann2, n_out, n_win, n_hop, n_pad, env); // TODO: can be done once
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < audio.size(); ++i) {
+        audio[i] /= env[i];
+    }
+
+    return audio;
+}
+
+static const std::map<int, std::string> ones = {
+    {0, "zero"}, {1, "one"}, {2, "two"}, {3, "three"}, {4, "four"},
+    {5, "five"}, {6, "six"}, {7, "seven"}, {8, "eight"}, {9, "nine"},
+    {10, "ten"}, {11, "eleven"}, {12, "twelve"}, {13, "thirteen"}, {14, "fourteen"},
+    {15, "fifteen"}, {16, "sixteen"}, {17, "seventeen"}, {18, "eighteen"}, {19, "nineteen"}
+};
+
+static const std::map<int, std::string> tens = {
+    {2, "twenty"}, {3, "thirty"}, {4, "forty"}, {5, "fifty"},
+    {6, "sixty"}, {7, "seventy"}, {8, "eighty"}, {9, "ninety"}
+};
+
+// Convert a number less than 1000 to words
+static std::string convert_less_than_thousand(int num) {
+    std::string result;
+
+    if (num >= 100) {
+        result += ones.at(num / 100) + " hundred ";
+        num %= 100;
+    }
+
+    if (num >= 20) {
+        result += tens.at(num / 10);
+        if (num % 10 > 0) {
+            result += "-" + ones.at(num % 10);
+        }
+    } else if (num > 0) {
+        result += ones.at(num);
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+static std::string number_to_words(const std::string & number_str) {
+    try {
+        size_t decimal_pos = number_str.find('.');
+        std::string integer_part = number_str.substr(0, decimal_pos);
+
+        int int_number = std::stoi(integer_part);
+        std::string result;
+
+        if (int_number == 0) {
+            result = "zero";
+        } else {
+            if (int_number >= 1000000000) {
+                int billions = int_number / 1000000000;
+                result += convert_less_than_thousand(billions) + " billion ";
+                int_number %= 1000000000;
+            }
+
+            if (int_number >= 1000000) {
+                int millions = int_number / 1000000;
+                result += convert_less_than_thousand(millions) + " million ";
+                int_number %= 1000000;
+            }
+
+            if (int_number >= 1000) {
+                int thousands = int_number / 1000;
+                result += convert_less_than_thousand(thousands) + " thousand ";
+                int_number %= 1000;
+            }
+
+            if (int_number > 0) {
+                result += convert_less_than_thousand(int_number);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Handle decimal part
+        if (decimal_pos != std::string::npos) {
+            result += " point";
+            std::string decimal_part = number_str.substr(decimal_pos + 1);
+            for (char digit : decimal_part) {
+                result += " " + ones.at(digit - '0');
+            }
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
+        // Skip if fails
+        return " ";
+    }
+}
+
+static std::string replace_numbers_with_words(const std::string & input_text) {
+    std::regex number_pattern(R"(\d+(\.\d+)?)");
+    std::string result;
+    auto it = std::sregex_iterator(input_text.begin(), input_text.end(), number_pattern);
+    auto end = std::sregex_iterator();
+
+    size_t last_pos = 0;
+    for (std::sregex_iterator i = it; i != end; ++i) {
+        const std::smatch& match = *i;
+        result.append(input_text, last_pos, match.position() - last_pos);
+        result.append(number_to_words(match.str()));
+        last_pos = match.position() + match.length();
+    }
+    result.append(input_text, last_pos);
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+// Based on: https://github.com/edwko/OuteTTS/blob/a613e79c489d8256dd657ea9168d78de75895d82/outetts/version/v1/prompt_processor.py#L39
+static std::string process_text(const std::string & text) {
+
+    // For now I skipped text romanization as I am unsure how to handle
+    // uroman and MeCab implementations in C++
+    // maybe something like https://github.com/anyascii/anyascii/ could work.
+    // currently only English would be supported in this function
+
+    std::string processed_text = replace_numbers_with_words(text);
+
+    std::transform(processed_text.begin(), processed_text.end(),
+                  processed_text.begin(), ::tolower);
+
+    std::regex special_chars(R"([-_/,\.\\])");
+    processed_text = std::regex_replace(processed_text, special_chars, " ");
+
+    std::regex non_alpha(R"([^a-z\s])");
+    processed_text = std::regex_replace(processed_text, non_alpha, "");
+
+    std::regex multiple_spaces(R"(\s+)");
+    processed_text = std::regex_replace(processed_text, multiple_spaces, " ");
+
+    processed_text = std::regex_replace(processed_text, std::regex(R"(^\s+|\s+$)"), "");
+
+    /*
+        Replace spaces with the separator token same as in line 365
+
+        for (auto & c : prompt_user) {
+        if (c == ' ') {
+            prompt_clean += "<|text_sep|>";
+    */
+    processed_text = std::regex_replace(processed_text, std::regex(R"(\s)"), "<|text_sep|>");
+
+    return processed_text;
+}
+
+static void prompt_add(llama_tokens & prompt, llama_token token) {
+    prompt.push_back(token);
+}
+
+static void prompt_add(llama_tokens & prompt, const llama_tokens & tokens) {
+    prompt.insert(prompt.end(), tokens.begin(), tokens.end());
+}
+
+static void prompt_add(llama_tokens & prompt, const llama_model * model, const std::string & txt, bool add_special, bool parse_special) {
+    auto tmp = common_tokenize(model, txt, add_special, parse_special);
+    prompt_add(prompt, tmp);
+}
+
+static void prompt_init(llama_tokens & prompt, const llama_model * model) {
+    prompt.clear();
+
+    prompt_add(prompt, model, "<|im_start|>\n", true, true);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
+    common_params params;
+
+    params.prompt = "";
+
+    params.n_predict = 4096;
+    params.n_batch   = 8192;
+    params.n_ctx     = 8192;
+
+    params.sampling.top_k = 4;
+    params.sampling.samplers = { COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TOP_K, };
+
+    if (!common_params_parse(argc, argv, params, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_TTS, print_usage)) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    const int n_parallel = params.n_parallel;
+    const int n_predict  = params.n_predict;
+
+    common_init();
+
+    // init LLM
+
+    llama_backend_init();
+    llama_numa_init(params.numa);
+
+    llama_model * model_ttc = NULL; // text-to-codes
+    llama_model * model_cts = NULL; // codes-to-speech
+
+    llama_context * ctx_ttc = NULL;
+    llama_context * ctx_cts = NULL;
+
+    common_init_result llama_init_ttc = common_init_from_params(params);
+    model_ttc = llama_init_ttc.model;
+    ctx_ttc = llama_init_ttc.context;
+
+    // TODO: refactor in a common struct
+    params.model     = params.vocoder.model;
+    params.model_url = params.vocoder.model_url;
+    params.hf_repo   = params.vocoder.hf_repo;
+    params.hf_file   = params.vocoder.hf_file;
+
+    params.embedding = true;
+
+    common_init_result llama_init_cts = common_init_from_params(params);
+    model_cts = llama_init_cts.model;
+    ctx_cts = llama_init_cts.context;
+
+    std::vector<common_sampler *> smpl(n_parallel);
+    for (int i = 0; i < n_parallel; ++i) {
+        params.sampling.no_perf = (i != 0);
+        params.sampling.seed = params.sampling.seed + 1;
+
+        smpl[i] = common_sampler_init(model_ttc, params.sampling);
+    }
+
+    LOG_INF("sampler seed: %u\n",     common_sampler_get_seed(smpl[0]));
+    LOG_INF("sampler params: \n%s\n", params.sampling.print().c_str());
+    LOG_INF("sampler chain: %s\n",    common_sampler_print(smpl[0]).c_str());
+
+    LOG_INF("%s: loading done\n", __func__);
+
+    const auto t_main_start = ggml_time_us();
+
+    std::vector<llama_token> codes;
+
+    // process prompt and generate voice codes
+    {
+        LOG_INF("%s: constructing prompt ..\n", __func__);
+
+        std::vector<llama_token> prompt_inp;
+
+        prompt_init(prompt_inp, model_ttc);
+
+        prompt_add(prompt_inp, model_ttc, "<|text_start|>the<|text_sep|>overall<|text_sep|>package<|text_sep|>from<|text_sep|>just<|text_sep|>two<|text_sep|>people<|text_sep|>is<|text_sep|>pretty<|text_sep|>remarkable<|text_sep|>sure<|text_sep|>i<|text_sep|>have<|text_sep|>some<|text_sep|>critiques<|text_sep|>about<|text_sep|>some<|text_sep|>of<|text_sep|>the<|text_sep|>gameplay<|text_sep|>aspects<|text_sep|>but<|text_sep|>its<|text_sep|>still<|text_sep|>really<|text_sep|>enjoyable<|text_sep|>and<|text_sep|>it<|text_sep|>looks<|text_sep|>lovely<|text_sep|>", false, true);
+
+        // convert the input text into the necessary format expected by OuteTTS
+        {
+            std::string prompt_clean = process_text(params.prompt);
+
+            LOG_INF("%s: prompt: '%s'\n", __func__, prompt_clean.c_str());
+
+            prompt_add(prompt_inp, model_ttc, prompt_clean, false, true);
+        }
+
+        prompt_add(prompt_inp, model_ttc, "<|text_end|>\n", false, true);
+
+        // disabled to save time on tokenizing each time
+        // TODO: load voices from the json files
+#if 0
+        const std::string voice_data = R"(<|audio_start|>
+the<|t_0.08|><|code_start|><|257|><|740|><|636|><|913|><|788|><|1703|><|code_end|>
+overall<|t_0.36|><|code_start|><|127|><|201|><|191|><|774|><|700|><|532|><|1056|><|557|><|798|><|298|><|1741|><|747|><|1662|><|1617|><|1702|><|1527|><|368|><|1588|><|1049|><|1008|><|1625|><|747|><|1576|><|728|><|1019|><|1696|><|1765|><|code_end|>
+package<|t_0.56|><|code_start|><|935|><|584|><|1319|><|627|><|1016|><|1491|><|1344|><|1117|><|1526|><|1040|><|239|><|1435|><|951|><|498|><|723|><|1180|><|535|><|789|><|1649|><|1637|><|78|><|465|><|1668|><|901|><|595|><|1675|><|117|><|1009|><|1667|><|320|><|840|><|79|><|507|><|1762|><|1508|><|1228|><|1768|><|802|><|1450|><|1457|><|232|><|639|><|code_end|>
+from<|t_0.19|><|code_start|><|604|><|782|><|1682|><|872|><|1532|><|1600|><|1036|><|1761|><|647|><|1554|><|1371|><|653|><|1595|><|950|><|code_end|>
+just<|t_0.25|><|code_start|><|1782|><|1670|><|317|><|786|><|1748|><|631|><|599|><|1155|><|1364|><|1524|><|36|><|1591|><|889|><|1535|><|541|><|440|><|1532|><|50|><|870|><|code_end|>
+two<|t_0.24|><|code_start|><|1681|><|1510|><|673|><|799|><|805|><|1342|><|330|><|519|><|62|><|640|><|1138|><|565|><|1552|><|1497|><|1552|><|572|><|1715|><|1732|><|code_end|>
+people<|t_0.39|><|code_start|><|593|><|274|><|136|><|740|><|691|><|633|><|1484|><|1061|><|1138|><|1485|><|344|><|428|><|397|><|1562|><|645|><|917|><|1035|><|1449|><|1669|><|487|><|442|><|1484|><|1329|><|1832|><|1704|><|600|><|761|><|653|><|269|><|code_end|>
+is<|t_0.16|><|code_start|><|566|><|583|><|1755|><|646|><|1337|><|709|><|802|><|1008|><|485|><|1583|><|652|><|10|><|code_end|>
+pretty<|t_0.32|><|code_start|><|1818|><|1747|><|692|><|733|><|1010|><|534|><|406|><|1697|><|1053|><|1521|><|1355|><|1274|><|816|><|1398|><|211|><|1218|><|817|><|1472|><|1703|><|686|><|13|><|822|><|445|><|1068|><|code_end|>
+remarkable<|t_0.68|><|code_start|><|230|><|1048|><|1705|><|355|><|706|><|1149|><|1535|><|1787|><|1356|><|1396|><|835|><|1583|><|486|><|1249|><|286|><|937|><|1076|><|1150|><|614|><|42|><|1058|><|705|><|681|><|798|><|934|><|490|><|514|><|1399|><|572|><|1446|><|1703|><|1346|><|1040|><|1426|><|1304|><|664|><|171|><|1530|><|625|><|64|><|1708|><|1830|><|1030|><|443|><|1509|><|1063|><|1605|><|1785|><|721|><|1440|><|923|><|code_end|>
+sure<|t_0.36|><|code_start|><|792|><|1780|><|923|><|1640|><|265|><|261|><|1525|><|567|><|1491|><|1250|><|1730|><|362|><|919|><|1766|><|543|><|1|><|333|><|113|><|970|><|252|><|1606|><|133|><|302|><|1810|><|1046|><|1190|><|1675|><|code_end|>
+i<|t_0.08|><|code_start|><|123|><|439|><|1074|><|705|><|1799|><|637|><|code_end|>
+have<|t_0.16|><|code_start|><|1509|><|599|><|518|><|1170|><|552|><|1029|><|1267|><|864|><|419|><|143|><|1061|><|0|><|code_end|>
+some<|t_0.16|><|code_start|><|619|><|400|><|1270|><|62|><|1370|><|1832|><|917|><|1661|><|167|><|269|><|1366|><|1508|><|code_end|>
+critiques<|t_0.60|><|code_start|><|559|><|584|><|1163|><|1129|><|1313|><|1728|><|721|><|1146|><|1093|><|577|><|928|><|27|><|630|><|1080|><|1346|><|1337|><|320|><|1382|><|1175|><|1682|><|1556|><|990|><|1683|><|860|><|1721|><|110|><|786|><|376|><|1085|><|756|><|1523|><|234|><|1334|><|1506|><|1578|><|659|><|612|><|1108|><|1466|><|1647|><|308|><|1470|><|746|><|556|><|1061|><|code_end|>
+about<|t_0.29|><|code_start|><|26|><|1649|><|545|><|1367|><|1263|><|1728|><|450|><|859|><|1434|><|497|><|1220|><|1285|><|179|><|755|><|1154|><|779|><|179|><|1229|><|1213|><|922|><|1774|><|1408|><|code_end|>
+some<|t_0.23|><|code_start|><|986|><|28|><|1649|><|778|><|858|><|1519|><|1|><|18|><|26|><|1042|><|1174|><|1309|><|1499|><|1712|><|1692|><|1516|><|1574|><|code_end|>
+of<|t_0.07|><|code_start|><|197|><|716|><|1039|><|1662|><|64|><|code_end|>
+the<|t_0.08|><|code_start|><|1811|><|1568|><|569|><|886|><|1025|><|1374|><|code_end|>
+gameplay<|t_0.48|><|code_start|><|1269|><|1092|><|933|><|1362|><|1762|><|1700|><|1675|><|215|><|781|><|1086|><|461|><|838|><|1022|><|759|><|649|><|1416|><|1004|><|551|><|909|><|787|><|343|><|830|><|1391|><|1040|><|1622|><|1779|><|1360|><|1231|><|1187|><|1317|><|76|><|997|><|989|><|978|><|737|><|189|><|code_end|>
+aspects<|t_0.56|><|code_start|><|1423|><|797|><|1316|><|1222|><|147|><|719|><|1347|><|386|><|1390|><|1558|><|154|><|440|><|634|><|592|><|1097|><|1718|><|712|><|763|><|1118|><|1721|><|1311|><|868|><|580|><|362|><|1435|><|868|><|247|><|221|><|886|><|1145|><|1274|><|1284|><|457|><|1043|><|1459|><|1818|><|62|><|599|><|1035|><|62|><|1649|><|778|><|code_end|>
+but<|t_0.20|><|code_start|><|780|><|1825|><|1681|><|1007|><|861|><|710|><|702|><|939|><|1669|><|1491|><|613|><|1739|><|823|><|1469|><|648|><|code_end|>
+its<|t_0.09|><|code_start|><|92|><|688|><|1623|><|962|><|1670|><|527|><|599|><|code_end|>
+still<|t_0.27|><|code_start|><|636|><|10|><|1217|><|344|><|713|><|957|><|823|><|154|><|1649|><|1286|><|508|><|214|><|1760|><|1250|><|456|><|1352|><|1368|><|921|><|615|><|5|><|code_end|>
+really<|t_0.36|><|code_start|><|55|><|420|><|1008|><|1659|><|27|><|644|><|1266|><|617|><|761|><|1712|><|109|><|1465|><|1587|><|503|><|1541|><|619|><|197|><|1019|><|817|><|269|><|377|><|362|><|1381|><|507|><|1488|><|4|><|1695|><|code_end|>
+enjoyable<|t_0.49|><|code_start|><|678|><|501|><|864|><|319|><|288|><|1472|><|1341|><|686|><|562|><|1463|><|619|><|1563|><|471|><|911|><|730|><|1811|><|1006|><|520|><|861|><|1274|><|125|><|1431|><|638|><|621|><|153|><|876|><|1770|><|437|><|987|><|1653|><|1109|><|898|><|1285|><|80|><|593|><|1709|><|843|><|code_end|>
+and<|t_0.15|><|code_start|><|1285|><|987|><|303|><|1037|><|730|><|1164|><|502|><|120|><|1737|><|1655|><|1318|><|code_end|>
+it<|t_0.09|><|code_start|><|848|><|1366|><|395|><|1601|><|1513|><|593|><|1302|><|code_end|>
+looks<|t_0.27|><|code_start|><|1281|><|1266|><|1755|><|572|><|248|><|1751|><|1257|><|695|><|1380|><|457|><|659|><|585|><|1315|><|1105|><|1776|><|736|><|24|><|736|><|654|><|1027|><|code_end|>
+lovely<|t_0.56|><|code_start|><|634|><|596|><|1766|><|1556|><|1306|><|1285|><|1481|><|1721|><|1123|><|438|><|1246|><|1251|><|795|><|659|><|1381|><|1658|><|217|><|1772|><|562|><|952|><|107|><|1129|><|1112|><|467|><|550|><|1079|><|840|><|1615|><|1469|><|1380|><|168|><|917|><|836|><|1827|><|437|><|583|><|67|><|595|><|1087|><|1646|><|1493|><|1677|><|code_end|>)";
+
+        auto tmp = common_tokenize(model_ttc, voice_data, false, true);
+        printf("\n\n");
+        for (int i = 0; i < tmp.size(); ++i) {
+            printf("%d, ", tmp[i]);
+        }
+        printf("\n\n");
+#else
+        prompt_add(prompt_inp, llama_tokens {
+            151667, 198, 1782, 155780, 151669, 151929, 152412, 152308, 152585,
+            152460, 153375, 151670, 198, 74455, 155808, 151669, 151799,
+            151873, 151863, 152446, 152372, 152204, 152728, 152229, 152470,
+            151970, 153413, 152419, 153334, 153289, 153374, 153199, 152040,
+            153260, 152721, 152680, 153297, 152419, 153248, 152400, 152691,
+            153368, 153437, 151670, 198, 1722, 155828, 151669, 152607,
+            152256, 152991, 152299, 152688, 153163, 153016, 152789, 153198,
+            152712, 151911, 153107, 152623, 152170, 152395, 152852, 152207,
+            152461, 153321, 153309, 151750, 152137, 153340, 152573, 152267,
+            153347, 151789, 152681, 153339, 151992, 152512, 151751, 152179,
+            153434, 153180, 152900, 153440, 152474, 153122, 153129, 151904,
+            152311, 151670, 198, 1499, 155791, 151669, 152276, 152454,
+            153354, 152544, 153204, 153272, 152708, 153433, 152319, 153226,
+            153043, 152325, 153267, 152622, 151670, 198, 4250, 155797,
+            151669, 153454, 153342, 151989, 152458, 153420, 152303, 152271,
+            152827, 153036, 153196, 151708, 153263, 152561, 153207, 152213,
+            152112, 153204, 151722, 152542, 151670, 198, 19789, 155796,
+            151669, 153353, 153182, 152345, 152471, 152477, 153014, 152002,
+            152191, 151734, 152312, 152810, 152237, 153224, 153169, 153224,
+            152244, 153387, 153404, 151670, 198, 16069, 155811, 151669,
+            152265, 151946, 151808, 152412, 152363, 152305, 153156, 152733,
+            152810, 153157, 152016, 152100, 152069, 153234, 152317, 152589,
+            152707, 153121, 153341, 152159, 152114, 153156, 153001, 153504,
+            153376, 152272, 152433, 152325, 151941, 151670, 198, 285,
+            155788, 151669, 152238, 152255, 153427, 152318, 153009, 152381,
+            152474, 152680, 152157, 153255, 152324, 151682, 151670, 198,
+            32955, 155804, 151669, 153490, 153419, 152364, 152405, 152682,
+            152206, 152078, 153369, 152725, 153193, 153027, 152946, 152488,
+            153070, 151883, 152890, 152489, 153144, 153375, 152358, 151685,
+            152494, 152117, 152740, 151670, 198, 37448, 480, 155840, 151669,
+            151902, 152720, 153377, 152027, 152378, 152821, 153207, 153459,
+            153028, 153068, 152507, 153255, 152158, 152921, 151958, 152609,
+            152748, 152822, 152286, 151714, 152730, 152377, 152353, 152470,
+            152606, 152162, 152186, 153071, 152244, 153118, 153375, 153018,
+            152712, 153098, 152976, 152336, 151843, 153202, 152297, 151736,
+            153380, 153502, 152702, 152115, 153181, 152735, 153277, 153457,
+            152393, 153112, 152595, 151670, 198, 19098, 155808, 151669,
+            152464, 153452, 152595, 153312, 151937, 151933, 153197, 152239,
+            153163, 152922, 153402, 152034, 152591, 153438, 152215, 151673,
+            152005, 151785, 152642, 151924, 153278, 151805, 151974, 153482,
+            152718, 152862, 153347, 151670, 198, 72, 155780, 151669, 151795,
+            152111, 152746, 152377, 153471, 152309, 151670, 198, 19016,
+            155788, 151669, 153181, 152271, 152190, 152842, 152224, 152701,
+            152939, 152536, 152091, 151815, 152733, 151672, 151670, 198,
+            14689, 155788, 151669, 152291, 152072, 152942, 151734, 153042,
+            153504, 152589, 153333, 151839, 151941, 153038, 153180, 151670,
+            198, 36996, 8303, 155832, 151669, 152231, 152256, 152835,
+            152801, 152985, 153400, 152393, 152818, 152765, 152249, 152600,
+            151699, 152302, 152752, 153018, 153009, 151992, 153054, 152847,
+            153354, 153228, 152662, 153355, 152532, 153393, 151782, 152458,
+            152048, 152757, 152428, 153195, 151906, 153006, 153178, 153250,
+            152331, 152284, 152780, 153138, 153319, 151980, 153142, 152418,
+            152228, 152733, 151670, 198, 9096, 155801, 151669, 151698,
+            153321, 152217, 153039, 152935, 153400, 152122, 152531, 153106,
+            152169, 152892, 152957, 151851, 152427, 152826, 152451, 151851,
+            152901, 152885, 152594, 153446, 153080, 151670, 198, 14689,
+            155795, 151669, 152658, 151700, 153321, 152450, 152530, 153191,
+            151673, 151690, 151698, 152714, 152846, 152981, 153171, 153384,
+            153364, 153188, 153246, 151670, 198, 1055, 155779, 151669,
+            151869, 152388, 152711, 153334, 151736, 151670, 198, 1782,
+            155780, 151669, 153483, 153240, 152241, 152558, 152697, 153046,
+            151670, 198, 5804, 1363, 155820, 151669, 152941, 152764, 152605,
+            153034, 153434, 153372, 153347, 151887, 152453, 152758, 152133,
+            152510, 152694, 152431, 152321, 153088, 152676, 152223, 152581,
+            152459, 152015, 152502, 153063, 152712, 153294, 153451, 153032,
+            152903, 152859, 152989, 151748, 152669, 152661, 152650, 152409,
+            151861, 151670, 198, 300, 7973, 155828, 151669, 153095, 152469,
+            152988, 152894, 151819, 152391, 153019, 152058, 153062, 153230,
+            151826, 152112, 152306, 152264, 152769, 153390, 152384, 152435,
+            152790, 153393, 152983, 152540, 152252, 152034, 153107, 152540,
+            151919, 151893, 152558, 152817, 152946, 152956, 152129, 152715,
+            153131, 153490, 151734, 152271, 152707, 151734, 153321, 152450,
+            151670, 198, 8088, 155792, 151669, 152452, 153497, 153353,
+            152679, 152533, 152382, 152374, 152611, 153341, 153163, 152285,
+            153411, 152495, 153141, 152320, 151670, 198, 1199, 155781,
+            151669, 151764, 152360, 153295, 152634, 153342, 152199, 152271,
+            151670, 198, 43366, 155799, 151669, 152308, 151682, 152889,
+            152016, 152385, 152629, 152495, 151826, 153321, 152958, 152180,
+            151886, 153432, 152922, 152128, 153024, 153040, 152593, 152287,
+            151677, 151670, 198, 53660, 155808, 151669, 151727, 152092,
+            152680, 153331, 151699, 152316, 152938, 152289, 152433, 153384,
+            151781, 153137, 153259, 152175, 153213, 152291, 151869, 152691,
+            152489, 151941, 152049, 152034, 153053, 152179, 153160, 151676,
+            153367, 151670, 198, 268, 4123, 480, 155821, 151669, 152350,
+            152173, 152536, 151991, 151960, 153144, 153013, 152358, 152234,
+            153135, 152291, 153235, 152143, 152583, 152402, 153483, 152678,
+            152192, 152533, 152946, 151797, 153103, 152310, 152293, 151825,
+            152548, 153442, 152109, 152659, 153325, 152781, 152570, 152957,
+            151752, 152265, 153381, 152515, 151670, 198, 437, 155787,
+            151669, 152957, 152659, 151975, 152709, 152402, 152836, 152174,
+            151792, 153409, 153327, 152990, 151670, 198, 275, 155781,
+            151669, 152520, 153038, 152067, 153273, 153185, 152265, 152974,
+            151670, 198, 94273, 155799, 151669, 152953, 152938, 153427,
+            152244, 151920, 153423, 152929, 152367, 153052, 152129, 152331,
+            152257, 152987, 152777, 153448, 152408, 151696, 152408, 152326,
+            152699, 151670, 198, 385, 16239, 155828, 151669, 152306, 152268,
+            153438, 153228, 152978, 152957, 153153, 153393, 152795, 152110,
+            152918, 152923, 152467, 152331, 153053, 153330, 151889, 153444,
+            152234, 152624, 151779, 152801, 152784, 152139, 152222, 152751,
+            152512, 153287, 153141, 153052, 151840, 152589, 152508, 153499,
+            152109, 152255, 151739, 152267, 152759, 153318, 153165, 153349,
+            151670,});
+#endif
+
+        // print the prompt token-by-token
+
+        LOG("\n");
+
+        for (auto id : prompt_inp) {
+            LOG("%s", common_token_to_piece(ctx_ttc, id).c_str());
+        }
+
+        LOG_INF("%s: prompt size: %d\n", __func__, (int) prompt_inp.size());
+
+        LOG("\n");
+
+        // create a llama_batch
+        // we use this object to submit token data for decoding
+        llama_batch batch = llama_batch_init(std::max(prompt_inp.size(), (size_t) n_parallel), 0, n_parallel);
+
+        std::vector<llama_seq_id> seq_ids(n_parallel, 0);
+        for (int32_t i = 0; i < n_parallel; ++i) {
+            seq_ids[i] = i;
+        }
+
+        // evaluate the initial prompt
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < prompt_inp.size(); ++i) {
+            common_batch_add(batch, prompt_inp[i], i, seq_ids, false);
+        }
+        GGML_ASSERT(batch.n_tokens == (int) prompt_inp.size());
+
+        // llama_decode will output logits only for the last token of the prompt
+        batch.logits[batch.n_tokens - 1] = true;
+
+        if (llama_decode(ctx_ttc, batch) != 0) {
+            LOG_ERR("%s: llama_decode() failed\n", __func__);
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        if (n_parallel > 1) {
+            LOG_INF("\n\n%s: generating %d sequences ...\n", __func__, n_parallel);
+        }
+
+        llama_synchronize(ctx_ttc);
+
+        LOG_INF("%s: time for prompt: %.3f ms\n\n", __func__, (ggml_time_us() - t_main_start) / 1000.0f);
+
+        const auto t_dec_start = ggml_time_us();
+
+        // main loop
+
+        // remember the batch index of the last token for each parallel sequence
+        // we need this to determine which logits to sample from
+        std::vector<int32_t> i_batch(n_parallel, batch.n_tokens - 1);
+
+        int n_past   = batch.n_tokens;
+        int n_decode = 0;
+
+        while (n_decode <= n_predict) {
+            // prepare the next batch
+            common_batch_clear(batch);
+
+            // sample the next token for each parallel sequence / stream
+            for (int32_t i = 0; i < n_parallel; ++i) {
+                if (i_batch[i] < 0) {
+                    // the stream has already finished
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                const llama_token new_token_id = common_sampler_sample(smpl[i], ctx_ttc, i_batch[i]);
+
+                common_sampler_accept(smpl[i], new_token_id, true);
+
+                codes.push_back(new_token_id);
+
+                const auto * cands = common_sampler_get_candidates(smpl[i]);
+
+                // is it an end of generation? -> mark the stream as finished
+                if (llama_token_is_eog(model_ttc, new_token_id) || n_decode == n_predict) {
+                    std::string reason;
+                    if (llama_token_is_eog(model_ttc, new_token_id)) {
+                        reason = "eos";
+                    } else {
+                        reason = "n_predict";
+                    }
+
+                    i_batch[i] = -1;
+
+                    LOG("\n");
+                    if (n_parallel > 1) {
+                        LOG_CNT("\n");
+                        LOG_INF("%s: stream %d finished at n_past = %d, reason = '%s'\n", __func__, i, n_past, reason.c_str());
+                    }
+
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                {
+                    const float p = cands->data[cands->selected].p;
+
+                    const int col = std::max(0, std::min((int) k_colors.size() - 1, (int) ((3*p)*float(k_colors.size()))));
+
+                    LOG_CNT("%s%d%s", k_colors[col].c_str(), i, "\033[0m");
+                    //LOG_CNT("%d", i);
+                }
+
+                i_batch[i] = batch.n_tokens;
+
+                // push this new token for next evaluation
+                common_batch_add(batch, new_token_id, n_past, { i }, true);
+            }
+
+            // all streams are finished
+            if (batch.n_tokens == 0) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            n_decode += 1;
+            n_past += 1;
+
+            // evaluate the current batch with the transformer model
+            if (llama_decode(ctx_ttc, batch)) {
+                LOG_ERR("%s : failed to eval, return code %d\n", __func__, 1);
+                return 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        llama_batch_free(batch);
+
+        LOG("\n");
+        LOG_INF("%s: time for decoder:       %.3f ms\n", __func__, (ggml_time_us() - t_dec_start) / 1000.0f);
+    }
+
+    common_perf_print(ctx_ttc, smpl[0]);
+
+    //std::vector<llama_token> codes = {198, 88225, 155856, 151669, 152205,
+    //    153064, 152537, 153421, 153209, 152524, 151689, 152993, 152438, 152695,
+    //    153091, 152945, 152829, 152534, 152934, 153020, 151997, 152263, 153010,
+    //    153146, 152399, 153208, 152496, 151793, 152848, 152263, 152571, 153286,
+    //    152227, 153300, 152934, 152263, 153208, 152263, 152965, 152430, 152296,
+    //    153146, 152920, 152376, 152556, 153363, 151775, 152044, 152972, 152690,
+    //    153379, 152368, 152233, 153422, 152490, 151996, 152022, 151694, 152061,
+    //    153238, 152539, 153356, 152640, 153021, 153123, 151962, 153094, 151670,
+    //    198, 20339, 13189, 155824, 151669, 152070, 152007, 152910, 151683,
+    //    152000, 152373, 152760, 152046, 151735, 152334, 152394, 153073, 152908,
+    //    151856, 151953, 153247, 153293, 151903, 153480, 153168, 152478, 153359,
+    //    153429, 151905, 151678, 152567, 152411, 152165, 152556, 153075, 153424,
+    //    151993, 152999, 153078, 152151, 152088, 153389, 152484, 151874, 151670,
+    //    198, 285, 155784, 151669, 152226, 152126, 152638, 153215, 151729,
+    //    152959, 153479, 153059, 151838, 151670, 198, 1782, 155783, 151669,
+    //    153288, 153055, 153314, 152497, 152962, 152741, 152076, 153253, 151670,
+    //    198, 471, 16488, 155825, 151669, 152060, 152916, 151893, 153469, 152501,
+    //    152080, 152743, 151932, 153161, 152096, 152761, 152698, 153401, 153242,
+    //    153336, 152441, 152838, 153467, 152706, 153496, 153310, 152422, 153360,
+    //    153115, 152763, 151998, 152373, 153450, 152554, 151968, 153323, 152055,
+    //    152468, 153111, 153358, 152813, 152010, 151770, 152823, 152960, 151670,
+    //    198, 22627, 155823, 151669, 152814, 152366, 153484, 152931, 153441,
+    //    152164, 152877, 152915, 153463, 151692, 152911, 152747, 152776, 151831,
+    //    153449, 151882, 152975, 152031, 152513, 153150, 152448, 152667, 153133,
+    //    153189, 152619, 153466, 152054, 152106, 153119, 152277, 152439, 153109,
+    //    152997, 152141, 153154, 153256, 153311, 151922, 151670, 198, 1055,
+    //    155781, 151669, 152633, 151850, 153060, 153270, 152560, 153348, 152729,
+    //    151670, 198, 25312, 155803, 151669, 152521, 153403, 152561, 153337,
+    //    153383, 152199, 153493, 153326, 151830, 152254, 152248, 152349, 152153,
+    //    153007, 151823, 153037, 152575, 152457, 152406, 152592, 153116, 153365,
+    //    153456, 151670, 198, 88225, 155817, 151669, 153271, 151925, 152218,
+    //    152418, 152253, 153140, 151903, 153151, 152626, 152338, 152647, 153464,
+    //    152785, 152768, 151711, 152037, 152033, 151804, 152216, 151701, 151855,
+    //    152348, 152995, 152955, 152905, 152342, 152340, 153391, 153453, 152418,
+    //    153415, 151990, 153083, 152884, 151670, 198, 151668, 198, 151645};
+
+    {
+        const std::string inp_txt = common_detokenize(ctx_ttc, codes, true);
+
+        LOG("\n");
+        LOG_INF("codes: '%s'\n", inp_txt.c_str());
+        LOG_INF("%s: codes size: %d\n", __func__, (int) codes.size());
+    }
+
+    // remove all non-audio tokens (i.e. < 151672 || > 155772)
+    codes.erase(std::remove_if(codes.begin(), codes.end(), [](llama_token t) { return t < 151672 || t > 155772; }), codes.end());
+
+    {
+        const std::string inp_txt = common_detokenize(ctx_ttc, codes, true);
+        LOG_INF("codes audio: '%s'\n", inp_txt.c_str());
+        LOG_INF("%s: codes audio size: %d\n", __func__, (int) codes.size());
+    }
+
+    for (auto & token : codes) {
+        token -= 151672;
+    }
+
+    const auto t_voc_start = ggml_time_us();
+
+    const int n_codes = codes.size();
+
+    llama_batch batch = llama_batch_init(n_codes, 0, 1);
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < codes.size(); ++i) {
+        common_batch_add(batch, codes[i], i, { 0 }, true); // TODO: all logits?
+    }
+    GGML_ASSERT(batch.n_tokens == n_codes);
+
+    if (llama_decode(ctx_cts, batch) != 0) {
+        LOG_ERR("%s: llama_decode() failed\n", __func__);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    llama_synchronize(ctx_cts);
+
+    LOG_INF("%s: time for vocoder:      %.3f ms\n", __func__, (ggml_time_us() - t_voc_start) / 1000.0f);
+
+    const auto t_spec_start = ggml_time_us();
+
+#if 1
+    // spectral operations
+    const int n_embd = llama_n_embd(model_cts);
+    const float * embd = llama_get_embeddings(ctx_cts);
+
+    auto audio = embd_to_audio(embd, n_codes, n_embd, params.cpuparams.n_threads);
+
+#else
+    // read the spectrogram from a file for debugging purposes
+    std::vector<float> audio;
+    {
+        std::ifstream fin("out.bin", std::ios::binary);
+        if (!fin) {
+            LOG_ERR("%s: failed to open file '%s'\n", __func__, "out.bin");
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        std::vector<float> embd;
+
+        int n_codes;
+        int n_embd;
+
+        fin.read(reinterpret_cast<char *>(&n_codes), sizeof(int));
+        fin.read(reinterpret_cast<char *>(&n_embd), sizeof(int));
+
+        embd.resize(n_codes * n_embd);
+        fin.read(reinterpret_cast<char *>(embd.data()), n_codes * n_embd * sizeof(float));
+        fin.close();
+
+        LOG_INF("%s: n_codes: %d, n_embd: %d\n", __func__, n_codes, n_embd);
+
+        audio = embd_to_audio(embd.data(), n_codes, n_embd, params.cpuparams.n_threads);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    const std::string fname = "output.wav";
+
+    const int n_sr = 24000; // sampling rate
+
+    // zero out first 0.25 seconds
+    for (int i = 0; i < 24000/4; ++i) {
+        audio[i] = 0.0f;
+    }
+
+    LOG_INF("%s: time for spectral ops: %.3f ms\n", __func__, (ggml_time_us() - t_spec_start) / 1000.0f);
+    LOG_INF("%s: total time:            %.3f ms\n", __func__, (ggml_time_us() - t_main_start) / 1000.0f);
+
+    save_wav16(fname, audio, n_sr);
+
+    LOG_INF("%s: audio written to file '%s'\n", __func__, fname.c_str());
+
+    llama_free(ctx_ttc);
+    llama_free_model(model_ttc);
+
+    llama_free(ctx_cts);
+    llama_free_model(model_cts);
+
+    llama_backend_free();
+
+    return 0;
+}
@@ -32,6 +32,13 @@ else()
    endif()
 endif()

+# remove the lib prefix on win32 mingw
+if (WIN32)
+    set(CMAKE_STATIC_LIBRARY_PREFIX "")
+    set(CMAKE_SHARED_LIBRARY_PREFIX "")
+    set(CMAKE_SHARED_MODULE_PREFIX  "")
+endif()
+
 option(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS "ggml: build shared libraries" ${BUILD_SHARED_LIBS_DEFAULT})
 option(GGML_BACKEND_DL   "ggml: build backends as dynamic libraries (requires BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)" OFF)

@@ -67,10 +74,10 @@ if (NOT GGML_CUDA_GRAPHS_DEFAULT)
 endif()

 # general
-option(GGML_STATIC "ggml: static link libraries"         OFF)
-option(GGML_NATIVE "ggml: enable -march=native flag"     ${GGML_NATIVE_DEFAULT})
-option(GGML_LTO    "ggml: enable link time optimization" OFF)
-option(GGML_CCACHE "ggml: use ccache if available"       ON)
+option(GGML_STATIC "ggml: static link libraries"                     OFF)
+option(GGML_NATIVE "ggml: optimize the build for the current system" ${GGML_NATIVE_DEFAULT})
+option(GGML_LTO    "ggml: enable link time optimization"             OFF)
+option(GGML_CCACHE "ggml: use ccache if available"                   ON)

 # debug
 option(GGML_ALL_WARNINGS           "ggml: enable all compiler warnings"                   ON)
@@ -113,8 +120,9 @@ endif()
 option(GGML_LASX             "ggml: enable lasx"             ON)
 option(GGML_LSX              "ggml: enable lsx"              ON)
 option(GGML_RVV              "ggml: enable rvv"              ON)
-option(GGML_SVE              "ggml: enable SVE"              OFF)
+
 option(GGML_CPU_ALL_VARIANTS "ggml: build all variants of the CPU backend (requires GGML_BACKEND_DL)" OFF)
+set(GGML_CPU_ARM_ARCH "" CACHE STRING "ggml: CPU architecture for ARM")


 if (WIN32)
@@ -172,6 +180,11 @@ set   (GGML_SYCL_TARGET "INTEL" CACHE STRING
 set   (GGML_SYCL_DEVICE_ARCH "" CACHE STRING
                                            "ggml: sycl device architecture")

+option(GGML_OPENCL                          "ggml: use OpenCL"                                OFF)
+option(GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING                "ggml: use OpenCL profiling (increases overhead)" OFF)
+option(GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS            "ggml: embed kernels"                             ON)
+option(GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS       "ggml: use optimized kernels for Adreno"          ON)
+
 # extra artifacts
 option(GGML_BUILD_TESTS    "ggml: build tests"    ${GGML_STANDALONE})
 option(GGML_BUILD_EXAMPLES "ggml: build examples" ${GGML_STANDALONE})
@@ -228,6 +228,7 @@ extern "C" {
    GGML_API void               ggml_backend_unload(ggml_backend_reg_t reg);
    // Load all known backends from dynamic libraries
    GGML_API void               ggml_backend_load_all(void);
+    GGML_API void               ggml_backend_load_all_from_path(const char * dir_path);

    //
    // Backend scheduler
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#ifndef GGML_OPENCL_H
+#define GGML_OPENCL_H
+
+#include "ggml.h"
+#include "ggml-backend.h"
+
+#ifdef  __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+//
+// backend API
+//
+GGML_BACKEND_API ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_opencl_init(void);
+GGML_BACKEND_API bool ggml_backend_is_opencl(ggml_backend_t backend);
+
+GGML_BACKEND_API ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_type(void);
+GGML_BACKEND_API ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_opencl_host_buffer_type(void);
+
+GGML_BACKEND_API ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_opencl_reg(void);
+
+#ifdef  __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif // GGML_OPENCL_H
@@ -237,7 +237,9 @@
 #define GGML_EXIT_SUCCESS 0
 #define GGML_EXIT_ABORTED 1

-#define GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NEOX 2
+#define GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NEOX   2
+#define GGML_ROPE_TYPE_MROPE  8
+#define GGML_ROPE_TYPE_VISION 24

 #define GGUF_MAGIC "GGUF"

@@ -1443,6 +1445,22 @@ extern "C" {
            float                 beta_fast,
            float                 beta_slow);

+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_rope_multi(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * b,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * c,
+            int                   n_dims,
+            int                   sections[4],
+            int                   mode,
+            int                   n_ctx_orig,
+            float                 freq_base,
+            float                 freq_scale,
+            float                 ext_factor,
+            float                 attn_factor,
+            float                 beta_fast,
+            float                 beta_slow);
+
    // in-place, returns view(a)
    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_rope_ext_inplace(
            struct ggml_context * ctx,
@@ -1546,17 +1564,6 @@ extern "C" {
        int                   d1, // dilation dimension 1
        bool                  is_2D);

-    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_conv_depthwise_2d(
-            struct ggml_context * ctx,
-            struct ggml_tensor  * a,  // convolution kernel
-            struct ggml_tensor  * b,  // data
-            int                  s0,  // stride dimension 0
-            int                  s1,  // stride dimension 1
-            int                  p0,  // padding dimension 0
-            int                  p1,  // padding dimension 1
-            int                  d0,  // dilation dimension 0
-            int                  d1); // dilation dimension 1
-
    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_conv_1d(
            struct ggml_context * ctx,
            struct ggml_tensor  * a,   // convolution kernel
@@ -1574,6 +1581,23 @@ extern "C" {
            int                   s,  // stride
            int                   d); // dilation

+    // depthwise
+    // TODO: this is very likely wrong for some cases! - needs more testing
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_conv_1d_dw(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a,   // convolution kernel
+            struct ggml_tensor  * b,   // data
+            int                   s0,  // stride
+            int                   p0,  // padding
+            int                   d0); // dilation
+
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_conv_1d_dw_ph(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a,   // convolution kernel
+            struct ggml_tensor  * b,   // data
+            int                   s0,  // stride
+            int                   d0); // dilation
+
    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_conv_transpose_1d(
            struct ggml_context * ctx,
            struct ggml_tensor  * a,   // convolution kernel
@@ -1593,7 +1617,6 @@ extern "C" {
            int                   d0,  // dilation dimension 0
            int                   d1); // dilation dimension 1

-
    // kernel size is a->ne[0] x a->ne[1]
    // stride is equal to kernel size
    // padding is zero
@@ -1620,6 +1643,18 @@ extern "C" {
            struct ggml_tensor  * a,
            struct ggml_tensor  * b);

+    // depthwise
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_conv_2d_dw(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a,  // convolution kernel
+            struct ggml_tensor  * b,  // data
+            int                  s0,  // stride dimension 0
+            int                  s1,  // stride dimension 1
+            int                  p0,  // padding dimension 0
+            int                  p1,  // padding dimension 1
+            int                  d0,  // dilation dimension 0
+            int                  d1); // dilation dimension 1
+
    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_conv_transpose_2d_p0(
            struct ggml_context * ctx,
            struct ggml_tensor  * a,
@@ -194,11 +194,6 @@ endif()

 if (WIN32)
    add_compile_definitions(_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS)
-
-    if (BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)
-        # TODO: should not use this
-        set(CMAKE_WINDOWS_EXPORT_ALL_SYMBOLS ON)
-    endif()
 endif()

 # ggml
@@ -313,6 +308,7 @@ ggml_add_backend(MUSA)
 ggml_add_backend(RPC)
 ggml_add_backend(SYCL)
 ggml_add_backend(Vulkan)
+ggml_add_backend(OpenCL)

 foreach (target ggml-base ggml)
    target_include_directories(${target} PUBLIC    $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../include> $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:include>)
@@ -534,7 +534,6 @@ static void ggml_gallocr_allocate_node(ggml_gallocr_t galloc, struct ggml_tensor
        size_t offset = ggml_dyn_tallocr_alloc(alloc, size, node);
        hn->buffer_id = buffer_id;
        hn->offset = offset;
-        return;
    }
 }

@@ -46,6 +46,10 @@
 #include "ggml-vulkan.h"
 #endif

+#ifdef GGML_USE_OPENCL
+#include "ggml-opencl.h"
+#endif
+
 #ifdef GGML_USE_BLAS
 #include "ggml-blas.h"
 #endif
@@ -146,6 +150,9 @@ struct ggml_backend_registry {
 #ifdef GGML_USE_VULKAN
        register_backend(ggml_backend_vk_reg());
 #endif
+#ifdef GGML_USE_OPENCL
+        register_backend(ggml_backend_opencl_reg());
+#endif
 #ifdef GGML_USE_CANN
        register_backend(ggml_backend_cann_reg());
 #endif
@@ -449,11 +456,21 @@ static std::string backend_filename_suffix() {
 #endif
 }

-static ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_load_best(const char * name, bool silent) {
+static ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_load_best(const char * name, bool silent, const char * user_search_path) {
    // enumerate all the files that match [lib]ggml-name-*.[so|dll] in the search paths
     // TODO: search system paths
-    std::vector<std::string> search_paths = { "./", get_executable_path() };
    std::string file_prefix = backend_filename_prefix() + name + "-";
+    std::vector<std::string> search_paths;
+    if (user_search_path == nullptr) {
+        search_paths.push_back("./");
+        search_paths.push_back(get_executable_path());
+    } else {
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+        search_paths.push_back(std::string(user_search_path) + "\\");
+#else
+        search_paths.push_back(std::string(user_search_path) + "/");
+#endif
+    }

    int best_score = 0;
    std::string best_path;
@@ -463,7 +480,8 @@ static ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_load_best(const char * name, bool silent)
        if (!fs::exists(search_path)) {
            continue;
        }
-        for (const auto & entry : fs::directory_iterator(search_path)) {
+        fs::directory_iterator dir_it(search_path, fs::directory_options::skip_permission_denied);
+        for (const auto & entry : dir_it) {
            if (entry.is_regular_file()) {
                std::string filename = entry.path().filename().string();
                std::string ext = entry.path().extension().string();
@@ -509,21 +527,26 @@ static ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_load_best(const char * name, bool silent)
 }

 void ggml_backend_load_all() {
+    ggml_backend_load_all_from_path(nullptr);
+}
+
+void ggml_backend_load_all_from_path(const char * dir_path) {
 #ifdef NDEBUG
    bool silent = true;
 #else
    bool silent = false;
 #endif

-    ggml_backend_load_best("blas", silent);
-    ggml_backend_load_best("cann", silent);
-    ggml_backend_load_best("cuda", silent);
-    ggml_backend_load_best("hip", silent);
-    ggml_backend_load_best("kompute", silent);
-    ggml_backend_load_best("metal", silent);
-    ggml_backend_load_best("rpc", silent);
-    ggml_backend_load_best("sycl", silent);
-    ggml_backend_load_best("vulkan", silent);
-    ggml_backend_load_best("musa", silent);
-    ggml_backend_load_best("cpu", silent);
+    ggml_backend_load_best("blas", silent, dir_path);
+    ggml_backend_load_best("cann", silent, dir_path);
+    ggml_backend_load_best("cuda", silent, dir_path);
+    ggml_backend_load_best("hip", silent, dir_path);
+    ggml_backend_load_best("kompute", silent, dir_path);
+    ggml_backend_load_best("metal", silent, dir_path);
+    ggml_backend_load_best("rpc", silent, dir_path);
+    ggml_backend_load_best("sycl", silent, dir_path);
+    ggml_backend_load_best("vulkan", silent, dir_path);
+    ggml_backend_load_best("opencl", silent, dir_path);
+    ggml_backend_load_best("musa", silent, dir_path);
+    ggml_backend_load_best("cpu", silent, dir_path);
 }
@@ -1747,6 +1747,15 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cann_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev,
            if (*ext_factor != 0) {
                return false;
            }
+
+            const int mode = ((const int32_t *) op->op_params)[2];
+            if (mode & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_MROPE) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (mode & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_VISION) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
            return true;
        }
        case GGML_OP_UPSCALE: {
@@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ GGML_TABLE_BEGIN(uint8_t, ksigns_iq2xs, 128)
    240, 113, 114, 243, 116, 245, 246, 119, 120, 249, 250, 123, 252, 125, 126, 255,
 GGML_TABLE_END()

-//#if __CUDA_ARCH__ >= MIN_CC_DP4A // lowest compute capability for integer intrinsics
+//#if __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_DP4A // lowest compute capability for integer intrinsics
 GGML_TABLE_BEGIN(uint64_t, ksigns64, 128)
    0x0000000000000000, 0xff000000000000ff, 0xff0000000000ff00, 0x000000000000ffff,
    0xff00000000ff0000, 0x0000000000ff00ff, 0x0000000000ffff00, 0xff00000000ffffff,
@@ -74,112 +74,77 @@ function(ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant_impl tag_name)

    if (CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES      STREQUAL "arm64" OR
        CMAKE_GENERATOR_PLATFORM_LWR STREQUAL "arm64" OR
-        (NOT CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES      AND
-        NOT CMAKE_GENERATOR_PLATFORM_LWR AND
+        (NOT CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES AND NOT CMAKE_GENERATOR_PLATFORM_LWR AND
            CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "^(aarch64|arm.*|ARM64)$"))

        message(STATUS "ARM detected")

-        if (MSVC)
-            list(APPEND ARCH_DEFINITIONS __aarch64__) # MSVC defines _M_ARM64 instead
-            list(APPEND ARCH_DEFINITIONS __ARM_NEON)
-            list(APPEND ARCH_DEFINITIONS __ARM_FEATURE_FMA)
-
-            set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS_PREV ${CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS})
-            string(JOIN " " CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS ${CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS} "/arch:armv8.2")
-
-            check_cxx_source_compiles("#include <arm_neon.h>\nint main() { int8x16_t _a, _b; int32x4_t _s = vdotq_s32(_s, _a, _b); return 0; }" GGML_COMPILER_SUPPORT_DOTPROD)
-            if (GGML_COMPILER_SUPPORT_DOTPROD)
-                list(APPEND ARCH_DEFINITIONS __ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD)
-
-                message(STATUS "ARM feature DOTPROD enabled")
-            endif ()
-
-            check_cxx_source_compiles("#include <arm_neon.h>\nint main() { int8x16_t _a, _b; int32x4_t _s = vmmlaq_f32(_s, _a, _b); return 0; }" GGML_COMPILER_SUPPORT_MATMUL_INT8)
-
-            if (GGML_COMPILER_SUPPORT_MATMUL_INT8)
-                list(APPEND ARCH_DEFINITIONS __ARM_FEATURE_MATMUL_INT8)
-
-                message(STATUS "ARM feature MATMUL_INT8 enabled")
-            endif ()
-
-            check_cxx_source_compiles("#include <arm_neon.h>\nint main() { float16_t _a; float16x8_t _s = vdupq_n_f16(_a); return 0; }" GGML_COMPILER_SUPPORT_FP16_VECTOR_ARITHMETIC)
-            if (GGML_COMPILER_SUPPORT_FP16_VECTOR_ARITHMETIC)
-                list(APPEND ARCH_DEFINITIONS __ARM_FEATURE_FP16_VECTOR_ARITHMETIC)
-
-                message(STATUS "ARM feature FP16_VECTOR_ARITHMETIC enabled")
-            endif ()
-
-            set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS ${CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS_PREV})
-        elseif (APPLE)
-            if (GGML_NATIVE)
-                set(USER_PROVIDED_MARCH FALSE)
-                foreach(flag_var IN ITEMS CMAKE_C_FLAGS CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS)
-                    if ("${${flag_var}}" MATCHES "-march=[a-zA-Z0-9+._-]+")
-                        set(USER_PROVIDED_MARCH TRUE)
-                        break()
-                    endif()
-                endforeach()
-
-                if (NOT USER_PROVIDED_MARCH)
-                    set(MARCH_FLAGS "-march=armv8.2a")
-
-                    check_cxx_source_compiles("#include <arm_neon.h>\nint main() { int8x16_t _a, _b; int32x4_t _s = vdotq_s32(_s, _a, _b); return 0; }" GGML_COMPILER_SUPPORT_DOTPROD)
-                    if (GGML_COMPILER_SUPPORT_DOTPROD)
-                        set(MARCH_FLAGS "${MARCH_FLAGS}+dotprod")
-                        list(APPEND ARCH_DEFINITIONS __ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD)
-
-                        message(STATUS "ARM feature DOTPROD enabled")
-                    endif ()
-
-                    set(TEST_I8MM_FLAGS "-march=armv8.2a+i8mm")
-
-                    set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS_SAVE ${CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS})
-                    set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS     "${CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS} ${TEST_I8MM_FLAGS}")
-
-                    check_cxx_source_compiles("#include <arm_neon.h>\nint main() { int8x16_t _a, _b; int32x4_t _s = vmmlaq_s32(_s, _a, _b); return 0; }" GGML_COMPILER_SUPPORT_MATMUL_INT8)
-                    if (GGML_COMPILER_SUPPORT_MATMUL_INT8)
-                        set(MARCH_FLAGS "${MARCH_FLAGS}+i8mm")
-                        list(APPEND ARCH_DEFINITIONS __ARM_FEATURE_MATMUL_INT8)
-
-                        message(STATUS "ARM feature MATMUL_INT8 enabled")
-                    endif ()
-
-                    set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS ${CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS_SAVE})
-
-                    list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS "${MARCH_FLAGS}")
-                endif ()
-            endif ()
+        if (MSVC AND NOT CMAKE_C_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "Clang")
+            message(FATAL_ERROR "MSVC is not supported for ARM, use clang")
        else()
            check_cxx_compiler_flag(-mfp16-format=ieee COMPILER_SUPPORTS_FP16_FORMAT_I3E)
            if (NOT "${COMPILER_SUPPORTS_FP16_FORMAT_I3E}" STREQUAL "")
                list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -mfp16-format=ieee)
            endif()
-            if (${CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR} MATCHES "armv6")
-                # Raspberry Pi 1, Zero
-                list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -mfpu=neon-fp-armv8 -mno-unaligned-access)
-            endif()
-            if (${CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR} MATCHES "armv7")
-                if ("${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME}" STREQUAL "Android")
-                    # Android armeabi-v7a
-                    list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -mfpu=neon-vfpv4 -mno-unaligned-access -funsafe-math-optimizations)
-                else()
-                    # Raspberry Pi 2
-                    list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -mfpu=neon-fp-armv8 -mno-unaligned-access -funsafe-math-optimizations)
+
+            if (GGML_NATIVE)
+                list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -mcpu=native)
+
+                set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS_SAVE ${CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS})
+
+                # -mcpu=native does not always enable all the features in some compilers,
+                # so we check for them manually and enable them if available
+
+                include(CheckCXXSourceRuns)
+
+                set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS "${ARCH_FLAGS}+dotprod")
+                check_cxx_source_runs(
+                    "#include <arm_neon.h>\nint main() { int8x16_t _a, _b; int32x4_t _s = vdotq_s32(_s, _a, _b); return 0; }"
+                    GGML_COMPILER_SUPPORT_DOTPROD)
+                if (GGML_COMPILER_SUPPORT_DOTPROD)
+                    set(ARCH_FLAGS "${ARCH_FLAGS}+dotprod")
+                endif()
+
+                set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS "${ARCH_FLAGS}+i8mm")
+                check_cxx_source_runs(
+                    "#include <arm_neon.h>\nint main() { int8x16_t _a, _b; int32x4_t _s = vmmlaq_s32(_s, _a, _b); return 0; }"
+                    GGML_COMPILER_SUPPORT_I8MM)
+                if (GGML_COMPILER_SUPPORT_I8MM)
+                    set(ARCH_FLAGS "${ARCH_FLAGS}+i8mm")
+                endif()
+
+                set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS ${CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS_SAVE})
+
+            else()
+                if (GGML_CPU_ARM_ARCH)
+                    list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -march=${GGML_CPU_ARM_ARCH})
                endif()
            endif()
-            if (${CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR} MATCHES "armv8")
-                # Android arm64-v8a
-                # Raspberry Pi 3, 4, Zero 2 (32-bit)
-                list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -mno-unaligned-access)
-            endif()
-            if (GGML_SVE)
-                list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -march=armv8.6-a+sve)
+
+            # show enabled features
+            execute_process(
+                COMMAND ${CMAKE_C_COMPILER} ${ARCH_FLAGS} -dM -E -
+                INPUT_FILE "/dev/null"
+                OUTPUT_VARIABLE ARM_FEATURE
+                RESULT_VARIABLE ARM_FEATURE_RESULT
+            )
+            if (ARM_FEATURE_RESULT)
+                message(FATAL_ERROR "Failed to get ARM features")
+            else()
+                foreach(feature DOTPROD SVE MATMUL_INT8 FMA FP16_VECTOR_ARITHMETIC)
+                    string(FIND "${ARM_FEATURE}" "__ARM_FEATURE_${feature} 1" feature_pos)
+                    if (NOT ${feature_pos} EQUAL -1)
+                        message(STATUS "ARM feature ${feature} enabled")
+                    endif()
+                endforeach()
            endif()
        endif()
    elseif (CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES STREQUAL "x86_64" OR CMAKE_GENERATOR_PLATFORM_LWR MATCHES "^(x86_64|i686|amd64|x64|win32)$" OR
            (NOT CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES AND NOT CMAKE_GENERATOR_PLATFORM_LWR AND
-            CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "^(x86_64|i686|AMD64)$"))
+            CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "^(x86_64|i686|AMD64|amd64)$"))
+
+        message(STATUS "x86 detected")
+
        if (MSVC)
            # instruction set detection for MSVC only
            if (GGML_NATIVE)
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ static const char * ggml_backend_amx_buffer_type_get_name(ggml_backend_buffer_ty
 }

 static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_amx_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft, size_t size) {
-    void * data = aligned_alloc(TENSOR_ALIGNMENT, size);
+    void * data = ggml_aligned_malloc(size);
    if (data == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s: failed to allocate buffer of size %zu\n", __func__, size);
        return NULL;
@@ -126,8 +126,7 @@ struct ggml_arm_arch_features_type {
 #endif
 #include <windows.h>

-
-#if !defined(__clang__)
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__)
 #define GGML_CACHE_ALIGN __declspec(align(GGML_CACHE_LINE))

 typedef volatile LONG atomic_int;
@@ -455,21 +454,21 @@ const struct ggml_type_traits_cpu * ggml_get_type_traits_cpu(enum ggml_type type
 #define GGML_F32x4_ADD          vaddq_f32
 #define GGML_F32x4_MUL          vmulq_f32
 #define GGML_F32x4_REDUCE_ONE(x) vaddvq_f32(x)
-#define GGML_F32x4_REDUCE(res, x)                  \
-{                                                  \
-    int offset = GGML_F32_ARR >> 1;                \
-    for (int i = 0; i < offset; ++i) {             \
-        (x)[i] = vaddq_f32((x)[i], (x)[offset+i]); \
-    }                                              \
-    offset >>= 1;                                  \
-    for (int i = 0; i < offset; ++i) {             \
-        (x)[i] = vaddq_f32((x)[i], (x)[offset+i]); \
-    }                                              \
-    offset >>= 1;                                  \
-    for (int i = 0; i < offset; ++i) {             \
-        (x)[i] = vaddq_f32((x)[i], (x)[offset+i]); \
-    }                                              \
-    (res) = GGML_F32x4_REDUCE_ONE((x)[0]);         \
+#define GGML_F32x4_REDUCE(res, x)                       \
+{                                                       \
+    int offset = GGML_F32_ARR >> 1;                     \
+    for (int i = 0; i < offset; ++i) {                  \
+        (x)[i] = vaddq_f32((x)[i], (x)[offset+i]);      \
+    }                                                   \
+    offset >>= 1;                                       \
+    for (int i = 0; i < offset; ++i) {                  \
+        (x)[i] = vaddq_f32((x)[i], (x)[offset+i]);      \
+    }                                                   \
+    offset >>= 1;                                       \
+    for (int i = 0; i < offset; ++i) {                  \
+        (x)[i] = vaddq_f32((x)[i], (x)[offset+i]);      \
+    }                                                   \
+    (res) = (ggml_float) GGML_F32x4_REDUCE_ONE((x)[0]); \
 }

 #define GGML_F32_VEC        GGML_F32x4
@@ -2396,7 +2395,7 @@ static void ggml_init_arm_arch_features(void) {
    uint32_t hwcap2 = getauxval(AT_HWCAP2);

    ggml_arm_arch_features.has_neon = !!(hwcap & HWCAP_ASIMD);
-    ggml_arm_arch_features.has_dotprod = !!(hwcap && HWCAP_ASIMDDP);
+    ggml_arm_arch_features.has_dotprod = !!(hwcap & HWCAP_ASIMDDP);
    ggml_arm_arch_features.has_i8mm = !!(hwcap2 & HWCAP2_I8MM);
    ggml_arm_arch_features.has_sve  = !!(hwcap & HWCAP_SVE);

@@ -9134,6 +9133,64 @@ static void ggml_rope_cache_init(
    }
 }

+static void ggml_mrope_cache_init(
+     float theta_base_t, float theta_base_h, float theta_base_w, float theta_base_e, int sections[4], bool indep_sects,
+     float freq_scale, const float * freq_factors, float corr_dims[2], int64_t ne0, float ext_factor, float mscale,
+     float * cache, float sin_sign, float theta_scale) {
+    // ref: https://github.com/jquesnelle/yarn/blob/master/scaled_rope/LlamaYaRNScaledRotaryEmbedding.py
+    float theta_t = theta_base_t;
+    float theta_h = theta_base_h;
+    float theta_w = theta_base_w;
+    float theta_e = theta_base_e;  // extra position id for vision encoder
+    int sect_dims = sections[0] + sections[1] + sections[2] + sections[3];
+    int sec_w = sections[1] + sections[0];
+    int sec_e = sections[2] + sec_w;
+    GGML_ASSERT(sect_dims <= ne0);
+
+    for (int64_t i0 = 0; i0 < ne0; i0 += 2) {
+        const float ff = freq_factors ? freq_factors[i0/2] : 1.0f;
+
+        int sector = (i0 / 2) % sect_dims;
+        if (indep_sects) {
+            // compute theta independently for each dim sections
+            // (i.e. reset corresponding theta when `i0` go from one section to another)
+            if (sector == 0) {
+                theta_t = theta_base_t;
+            }
+            else if (sector == sections[0]) {
+                theta_h = theta_base_h;;
+            }
+            else if (sector == sec_w) {
+                theta_w = theta_base_w;
+            }
+            else if (sector == sec_e) {
+                theta_e = theta_base_e;
+            }
+        }
+
+        float theta = theta_t;
+        if (sector >= sections[0] && sector < sec_w) {
+            theta = theta_h;
+        }
+        else if (sector >= sec_w && sector < sec_w + sections[2]) {
+            theta = theta_w;
+        }
+        else if (sector >= sec_w + sections[2]) {
+            theta = theta_e;
+        }
+
+        rope_yarn(
+            theta/ff, freq_scale, corr_dims, i0, ext_factor, mscale, &cache[i0 + 0], &cache[i0 + 1]
+        );
+        cache[i0 + 1] *= sin_sign;
+
+        theta_t *= theta_scale;
+        theta_w *= theta_scale;
+        theta_h *= theta_scale;
+        theta_e *= theta_scale;
+    }
+}
+
 static void ggml_compute_forward_rope_f32(
        const struct ggml_compute_params * params,
        struct ggml_tensor * dst,
@@ -9144,6 +9201,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_rope_f32(
    const struct ggml_tensor * src2 = dst->src[2];

    float freq_base, freq_scale, ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow;
+    int sections[4];

    //const int n_past     = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[0];
    const int n_dims     = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[1];
@@ -9157,6 +9215,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_rope_f32(
    memcpy(&attn_factor, (int32_t *) dst->op_params +  8, sizeof(float));
    memcpy(&beta_fast,   (int32_t *) dst->op_params +  9, sizeof(float));
    memcpy(&beta_slow,   (int32_t *) dst->op_params + 10, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&sections,    (int32_t *) dst->op_params + 11, sizeof(int)*4);

    GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS

@@ -9189,6 +9248,16 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_rope_f32(
    ggml_rope_yarn_corr_dims(n_dims, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, beta_fast, beta_slow, corr_dims);

    const bool is_neox = mode & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NEOX;
+    const bool is_mrope = mode & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_MROPE;  // ggml_rope_multi, multimodal rotary position embedding
+    const bool is_vision = mode == GGML_ROPE_TYPE_VISION;
+
+    if (is_mrope) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(sections[0] > 0 || sections[1] > 0 || sections[2] > 0);
+    }
+
+    if (is_vision) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(n_dims == ne0/2);
+    }

    const float * freq_factors = NULL;
    if (src2 != NULL) {
@@ -9204,18 +9273,63 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_rope_f32(

    const int32_t * pos = (const int32_t *) src1->data;

-    for (int64_t i3 = 0; i3 < ne3; i3++) {
-        for (int64_t i2 = 0; i2 < ne2; i2++) {
-            const int64_t p = pos[i2];
+    for (int64_t i3 = 0; i3 < ne3; i3++) { // batch
+        for (int64_t i2 = 0; i2 < ne2; i2++) { // seq-len

            float * cache = (float *) params->wdata + (ne0 + CACHE_LINE_SIZE_F32)*ith;
-            ggml_rope_cache_init(p, freq_scale, freq_factors, corr_dims, ne0, ext_factor, attn_factor, cache, sin_sign, theta_scale);
+            if (!is_mrope) {
+                const int64_t p = pos[i2];
+                ggml_rope_cache_init(p, freq_scale, freq_factors, corr_dims, ne0, ext_factor, attn_factor, cache, sin_sign, theta_scale);
+            }
+            else {
+                const int64_t p_t = pos[i2];
+                const int64_t p_h = pos[i2 + ne2];
+                const int64_t p_w = pos[i2 + ne2 * 2];
+                const int64_t p_e = pos[i2 + ne2 * 3];
+                ggml_mrope_cache_init(
+                    p_t, p_h, p_w, p_e, sections, is_vision,
+                    freq_scale, freq_factors, corr_dims, ne0, ext_factor, attn_factor, cache, sin_sign, theta_scale);
+            }

-            for (int64_t i1 = 0; i1 < ne1; i1++) {
+            for (int64_t i1 = 0; i1 < ne1; i1++) { // attn-heads
                if (ir++ < ir0) continue;
                if (ir   > ir1) break;

-                if (!is_neox) {
+                if (is_neox || is_mrope) {
+                    if (is_vision){
+                        for (int64_t i0 = 0; i0 < n_dims; i0 += 2) {
+                            const int64_t ic = i0/2;
+
+                            const float cos_theta = cache[i0 + 0];
+                            const float sin_theta = cache[i0 + 1];
+
+                            const float * const src = (float *)((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01 + ic*nb00);
+                            float * dst_data  = (float *)((char *)  dst->data + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1  + ic*nb0);
+
+                            const float x0 = src[0];
+                            const float x1 = src[n_dims];
+
+                            dst_data[0]      = x0*cos_theta - x1*sin_theta;
+                            dst_data[n_dims] = x0*sin_theta + x1*cos_theta;
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        for (int64_t i0 = 0; i0 < n_dims; i0 += 2) {
+                            const int64_t ic = i0/2;
+
+                            const float cos_theta = cache[i0 + 0];
+                            const float sin_theta = cache[i0 + 1];
+
+                            const float * const src = (float *)((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01 + ic*nb00);
+                            float * dst_data  = (float *)((char *)  dst->data + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1  + ic*nb0);
+
+                            const float x0 = src[0];
+                            const float x1 = src[n_dims/2];
+
+                            dst_data[0]        = x0*cos_theta - x1*sin_theta;
+                            dst_data[n_dims/2] = x0*sin_theta + x1*cos_theta;
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
                    for (int64_t i0 = 0; i0 < n_dims; i0 += 2) {
                        const float cos_theta = cache[i0 + 0];
                        const float sin_theta = cache[i0 + 1];
@@ -9229,8 +9343,10 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_rope_f32(
                        dst_data[0] = x0*cos_theta - x1*sin_theta;
                        dst_data[1] = x0*sin_theta + x1*cos_theta;
                    }
-                } else {
-                    for (int64_t i0 = 0; i0 < n_dims; i0 += 2) {
+                }
+
+                if (is_vision) {
+                    for (int64_t i0 = n_dims; i0 < ne0; i0 += 2) {
                        const int64_t ic = i0/2;

                        const float cos_theta = cache[i0 + 0];
@@ -9240,19 +9356,20 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_rope_f32(
                        float * dst_data  = (float *)((char *)  dst->data + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1  + ic*nb0);

                        const float x0 = src[0];
-                        const float x1 = src[n_dims/2];
+                        const float x1 = src[n_dims];

-                        dst_data[0]        = x0*cos_theta - x1*sin_theta;
-                        dst_data[n_dims/2] = x0*sin_theta + x1*cos_theta;
+                        dst_data[0]      = x0*cos_theta - x1*sin_theta;
+                        dst_data[n_dims] = x0*sin_theta + x1*cos_theta;
                    }
-                }
+                } else {
+                    // fill the remain channels with data from src tensor
+                    for (int64_t i0 = n_dims; i0 < ne0; i0 += 2) {
+                        const float * const src = (float *)((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01 + i0*nb00);
+                        float * dst_data  = (float *)((char *)  dst->data + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1  + i0*nb0);

-                for (int64_t i0 = n_dims; i0 < ne0; i0 += 2) {
-                    const float * const src = (float *)((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01 + i0*nb00);
-                    float * dst_data  = (float *)((char *)  dst->data + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1  + i0*nb0);
-
-                    dst_data[0] = src[0];
-                    dst_data[1] = src[1];
+                        dst_data[0] = src[0];
+                        dst_data[1] = src[1];
+                    }
                }
            }
        }
@@ -9270,6 +9387,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_rope_f16(
    const struct ggml_tensor * src2 = dst->src[2];

    float freq_base, freq_scale, ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow;
+    int sections[4];

    //const int n_past     = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[0];
    const int n_dims     = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[1];
@@ -9282,6 +9400,8 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_rope_f16(
    memcpy(&attn_factor, (int32_t *) dst->op_params +  8, sizeof(float));
    memcpy(&beta_fast,   (int32_t *) dst->op_params +  9, sizeof(float));
    memcpy(&beta_slow,   (int32_t *) dst->op_params + 10, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&sections,    (int32_t *) dst->op_params + 11, sizeof(int)*4);
+

    GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS

@@ -9314,6 +9434,16 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_rope_f16(
    ggml_rope_yarn_corr_dims(n_dims, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, beta_fast, beta_slow, corr_dims);

    const bool is_neox = mode & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NEOX;
+    const bool is_mrope = mode & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_MROPE;
+    const bool is_vision = mode == GGML_ROPE_TYPE_VISION;
+
+    if (is_mrope) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(sections[0] > 0 || sections[1] > 0 || sections[2] > 0);
+    }
+
+    if (is_vision) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(n_dims == ne0/2);
+    }

    const float * freq_factors = NULL;
    if (src2 != NULL) {
@@ -9331,16 +9461,61 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_rope_f16(

    for (int64_t i3 = 0; i3 < ne3; i3++) {
        for (int64_t i2 = 0; i2 < ne2; i2++) {
-            const int64_t p = pos[i2];

            float * cache = (float *) params->wdata + (ne0 + CACHE_LINE_SIZE_F32)*ith;
-            ggml_rope_cache_init(p, freq_scale, freq_factors, corr_dims, ne0, ext_factor, attn_factor, cache, sin_sign, theta_scale);
+            if (!is_mrope) {
+                const int64_t p = pos[i2];
+                ggml_rope_cache_init(p, freq_scale, freq_factors, corr_dims, ne0, ext_factor, attn_factor, cache, sin_sign, theta_scale);
+            }
+            else {
+                const int64_t p_t = pos[i2];
+                const int64_t p_h = pos[i2 + ne2];
+                const int64_t p_w = pos[i2 + ne2 * 2];
+                const int64_t p_e = pos[i2 + ne2 * 3];
+                ggml_mrope_cache_init(
+                    p_t, p_h, p_w, p_e, sections, is_vision,
+                    freq_scale, freq_factors, corr_dims, ne0, ext_factor, attn_factor, cache, sin_sign, theta_scale);
+            }

            for (int64_t i1 = 0; i1 < ne1; i1++) {
                if (ir++ < ir0) continue;
                if (ir   > ir1) break;

-                if (!is_neox) {
+                if (is_neox || is_mrope) {
+                    if (is_vision) {
+                        for (int64_t i0 = 0; i0 < n_dims; i0 += 2) {
+                            const int64_t ic = i0/2;
+
+                            const float cos_theta = cache[i0 + 0];
+                            const float sin_theta = cache[i0 + 1];
+
+                            const ggml_fp16_t * const src = (ggml_fp16_t *)((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01 + ic*nb00);
+                            ggml_fp16_t * dst_data  = (ggml_fp16_t *)((char *)  dst->data + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1  + ic*nb0);
+
+                            const float x0 = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(src[0]);
+                            const float x1 = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(src[n_dims]);
+
+                            dst_data[0]      = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(x0*cos_theta - x1*sin_theta);
+                            dst_data[n_dims] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(x0*sin_theta + x1*cos_theta);
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        for (int64_t i0 = 0; i0 < n_dims; i0 += 2) {
+                            const int64_t ic = i0/2;
+
+                            const float cos_theta = cache[i0 + 0];
+                            const float sin_theta = cache[i0 + 1];
+
+                            const ggml_fp16_t * const src = (ggml_fp16_t *)((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01 + ic*nb00);
+                            ggml_fp16_t * dst_data  = (ggml_fp16_t *)((char *)  dst->data + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1  + ic*nb0);
+
+                            const float x0 = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(src[0]);
+                            const float x1 = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(src[n_dims/2]);
+
+                            dst_data[0]        = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(x0*cos_theta - x1*sin_theta);
+                            dst_data[n_dims/2] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(x0*sin_theta + x1*cos_theta);
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
                    for (int64_t i0 = 0; i0 < n_dims; i0 += 2) {
                        const float cos_theta = cache[i0 + 0];
                        const float sin_theta = cache[i0 + 1];
@@ -9354,8 +9529,10 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_rope_f16(
                        dst_data[0] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(x0*cos_theta - x1*sin_theta);
                        dst_data[1] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(x0*sin_theta + x1*cos_theta);
                    }
-                } else {
-                    for (int64_t i0 = 0; i0 < n_dims; i0 += 2) {
+                }
+
+                if (is_vision) {
+                    for (int64_t i0 = n_dims; i0 < ne0; i0 += 2) {
                        const int64_t ic = i0/2;

                        const float cos_theta = cache[i0 + 0];
@@ -9365,19 +9542,19 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_rope_f16(
                        ggml_fp16_t * dst_data  = (ggml_fp16_t *)((char *)  dst->data + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1  + ic*nb0);

                        const float x0 = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(src[0]);
-                        const float x1 = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(src[n_dims/2]);
+                        const float x1 = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(src[n_dims]);

-                        dst_data[0]        = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(x0*cos_theta - x1*sin_theta);
-                        dst_data[n_dims/2] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(x0*sin_theta + x1*cos_theta);
+                        dst_data[0]      = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(x0*cos_theta - x1*sin_theta);
+                        dst_data[n_dims] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(x0*sin_theta + x1*cos_theta);
                    }
-                }
+                } else {
+                    for (int64_t i0 = n_dims; i0 < ne0; i0 += 2) {
+                        const ggml_fp16_t * const src = (ggml_fp16_t *)((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01 + i0*nb00);
+                        ggml_fp16_t * dst_data  = (ggml_fp16_t *)((char *)  dst->data + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1  + i0*nb0);

-                for (int64_t i0 = n_dims; i0 < ne0; i0 += 2) {
-                    const ggml_fp16_t * const src = (ggml_fp16_t *)((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01 + i0*nb00);
-                    ggml_fp16_t * dst_data  = (ggml_fp16_t *)((char *)  dst->data + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1  + i0*nb0);
-
-                    dst_data[0] = src[0];
-                    dst_data[1] = src[1];
+                        dst_data[0] = src[0];
+                        dst_data[1] = src[1];
+                    }
                }
            }
        }
@@ -12945,7 +13122,7 @@ static thread_ret_t ggml_graph_compute_secondary_thread(void* data);
 #include "windows.h"

 // TODO: support > 64 CPUs
-bool ggml_thread_apply_affinity(bool * mask) {
+static bool ggml_thread_apply_affinity(bool * mask) {
    HANDLE    h = GetCurrentThread();
    uint64_t  bitmask = 0ULL;

@@ -394,8 +394,11 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cpu_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const st
    switch (op->op) {
        case GGML_OP_CPY:
            return
+                op->type != GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS &&
+                op->type != GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S   &&
                op->type != GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS &&
                op->type != GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS  &&
+                op->type != GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S   &&
                op->type != GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S   &&
                op->type != GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M; // missing type_traits.from_float
        case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT:
@@ -519,6 +522,12 @@ static ggml_backend_feature * ggml_backend_cpu_get_features(ggml_backend_reg_t r
        if (ggml_cpu_has_sve()) {
            features.push_back({ "SVE", "1" });
        }
+        if (ggml_cpu_has_dotprod()) {
+            features.push_back({ "DOTPROD", "1" });
+        }
+        if (ggml_cpu_has_matmul_int8()) {
+            features.push_back({ "MATMUL_INT8", "1" });
+        }
        if (ggml_cpu_get_sve_cnt() > 0) {
            static std::string sve_cnt = std::to_string(ggml_cpu_get_sve_cnt());
            features.push_back({ "SVE_CNT", sve_cnt.c_str() });
@@ -204,6 +204,7 @@ template <> inline float32x4_t load(const float *p) {
    return vld1q_f32(p);
 }
 #if !defined(_MSC_VER)
+// FIXME: this should check for __ARM_FEATURE_FP16_VECTOR_ARITHMETIC
 template <> inline float16x8_t load(const ggml_fp16_t *p) {
    return vld1q_f16((const float16_t *)p);
 }
@@ -41,28 +41,28 @@
 #define CUDART_HMAX   11070 // CUDA 11.7, min. ver. for which __hmax and __hmax2 are known to work (may be higher than needed)
 #define CUDART_HMASK  12000 // CUDA 12.0, min. ver. for half2 -> uint mask comparisons

-#define CC_PASCAL     600
-#define MIN_CC_DP4A   610 // minimum compute capability for __dp4a, an intrinsic for byte-wise dot products
-#define CC_VOLTA      700
-#define CC_TURING     750
-#define CC_AMPERE     800
-#define CC_OFFSET_AMD 1000000
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_PASCAL     600
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_DP4A       610 // minimum compute capability for __dp4a, an intrinsic for byte-wise dot products
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA      700
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_TURING     750
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_AMPERE     800
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD 1000000

 // GCN/CNDA, wave size is 64
-#define CC_GCN4       (CC_OFFSET_AMD + 803)  // Tonga, Fiji, Polaris, minimum for fast fp16
-#define CC_VEGA       (CC_OFFSET_AMD + 900)  // Vega56/64, minimum for fp16 dual issue
-#define CC_VEGA20     (CC_OFFSET_AMD + 906)  // MI50/Radeon VII, minimum for dp4a
-#define CC_CDNA       (CC_OFFSET_AMD + 908)  // MI100, minimum for MFMA, acc registers
-#define CC_CDNA2      (CC_OFFSET_AMD + 910)  // MI210, minimum acc register renameing
-#define CC_CDNA3      (CC_OFFSET_AMD + 942)  // MI300
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_GCN4       (GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD + 803)  // Tonga, Fiji, Polaris, minimum for fast fp16
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_VEGA       (GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD + 900)  // Vega56/64, minimum for fp16 dual issue
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_VEGA20     (GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD + 906)  // MI50/Radeon VII, minimum for dp4a
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_CDNA       (GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD + 908)  // MI100, minimum for MFMA, acc registers
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_CDNA2      (GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD + 910)  // MI210, minimum acc register renameing
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_CDNA3      (GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD + 942)  // MI300

 // RNDA removes MFMA, dp4a, xnack, acc registers, wave size is 32
-#define CC_RDNA1      (CC_OFFSET_AMD + 1010) // RX 5000
-#define CC_RDNA2      (CC_OFFSET_AMD + 1030) // RX 6000, minimum for dp4a
-#define CC_RDNA3      (CC_OFFSET_AMD + 1100) // RX 7000, minimum for WMMA
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_RDNA1      (GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD + 1010) // RX 5000
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_RDNA2      (GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD + 1030) // RX 6000, minimum for dp4a
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_RDNA3      (GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD + 1100) // RX 7000, minimum for WMMA

-#define CC_QY1        210
-#define CC_QY2        220
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_QY1        210
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_QY2        220

 #define MATRIX_ROW_PADDING 512 // last row of quant. matrices is a multiple of this to avoid out-of-bounds memory accesses

@@ -131,36 +131,36 @@ typedef float dfloat; // dequantize float
 typedef float2 dfloat2;
 #endif // GGML_CUDA_F16

-#if (defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) || __CUDA_ARCH__ >= CC_PASCAL
+#if (defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) || __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_PASCAL
 #define FP16_AVAILABLE
-#endif // (defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) || __CUDA_ARCH__ >= CC_PASCAL
+#endif // (defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) || __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_PASCAL

 #if defined(FP16_AVAILABLE) && __CUDA_ARCH__ != 610
 #define FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
 #endif // defined(FP16_AVAILABLE) && __CUDA_ARCH__ != 610

-#if !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= CC_VOLTA
+#if !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
 #define FP16_MMA_AVAILABLE
-#endif // !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= CC_VOLTA
+#endif // !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA

-#if !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= CC_TURING
+#if !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_TURING
 #define INT8_MMA_AVAILABLE
-#endif // !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= CC_TURING
+#endif // !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_TURING

-#if !(defined(GGML_USE_MUSA) && __MUSA_ARCH__ <= CC_QY1)
+#if !(defined(GGML_USE_MUSA) && __MUSA_ARCH__ <= GGML_CUDA_CC_QY1)
 #define FLASH_ATTN_AVAILABLE
-#endif // !(defined(GGML_USE_MUSA) && __MUSA_ARCH__ <= CC_QY1)
+#endif // !(defined(GGML_USE_MUSA) && __MUSA_ARCH__ <= GGML_CUDA_CC_QY1)

 static constexpr bool fast_fp16_available(const int cc) {
-    return cc >= CC_PASCAL && cc != 610;
+    return cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_PASCAL && cc != 610;
 }

 static constexpr bool fp16_mma_available(const int cc) {
-    return cc < CC_OFFSET_AMD && cc >= CC_VOLTA;
+    return cc < GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD && cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA;
 }

 static constexpr bool int8_mma_available(const int cc) {
-    return cc < CC_OFFSET_AMD && cc >= CC_TURING;
+    return cc < GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD && cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_TURING;
 }

 [[noreturn]]
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ static __device__ void no_device_code(
 #endif // __CUDA_ARCH__

 static __device__ __forceinline__ int warp_reduce_sum(int x) {
-#if !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= CC_AMPERE
+#if !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_AMPERE
    return __reduce_add_sync(0xffffffff, x);
 #else
 #pragma unroll
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ int warp_reduce_sum(int x) {
        x += __shfl_xor_sync(0xffffffff, x, offset, 32);
    }
    return x;
-#endif // !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= CC_AMPERE
+#endif // !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_AMPERE
 }

 static __device__ __forceinline__ float warp_reduce_sum(float x) {
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ half2 ggml_cuda_hmax2(const half2 a, const hal
 }

 static __device__ __forceinline__ half2 warp_reduce_max(half2 x) {
-#if !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= CC_PASCAL
+#if !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_PASCAL
 #pragma unroll
   for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {
       x = ggml_cuda_hmax2(x, __shfl_xor_sync(0xffffffff, x, offset, 32));
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ half2 warp_reduce_max(half2 x) {
 #else
   GGML_UNUSED(x);
   NO_DEVICE_CODE;
-#endif // !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= CC_PASCAL
+#endif // !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_PASCAL
 }

 #if CUDART_VERSION < CUDART_HMASK
@@ -333,13 +333,13 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ int ggml_cuda_dp4a(const int a, const int b, i

 #else // defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)

-#if __CUDA_ARCH__ >= MIN_CC_DP4A
+#if __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_DP4A
    return __dp4a(a, b, c);
-#else // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= MIN_CC_DP4A
+#else // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_DP4A
    const int8_t * a8 = (const int8_t *) &a;
    const int8_t * b8 = (const int8_t *) &b;
    return c + a8[0]*b8[0] + a8[1]*b8[1] + a8[2]*b8[2] + a8[3]*b8[3];
-#endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= MIN_CC_DP4A
+#endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_DP4A

 #endif // defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)
 }
@@ -94,7 +94,9 @@ static void concat_f32_cuda(const float * x, const float * y, float * dst, int n
 }

 // non-contiguous kernel (slow)
-static __global__ void concat_f32_non_cont(
+template <int dim>
+static __global__ void __launch_bounds__(CUDA_CONCAT_BLOCK_SIZE)
+    concat_f32_non_cont(
        const char * src0,
        const char * src1,
              char * dst,
@@ -121,22 +123,28 @@ static __global__ void concat_f32_non_cont(
          uint64_t   nb0,
          uint64_t   nb1,
          uint64_t   nb2,
-          uint64_t   nb3,
-          int32_t   dim) {
+          uint64_t   nb3){
+    static_assert(dim >= 0 && dim <= 3);
+
    const int64_t i3 = blockIdx.z;
    const int64_t i2 = blockIdx.y;
    const int64_t i1 = blockIdx.x;

-    int64_t o[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
-    o[dim] = dim == 0 ? ne00 : (dim == 1 ? ne01 : (dim == 2 ? ne02 : ne03));
-
    const float * x;

-    for (int i0 = threadIdx.x; i0 < ne0; i0 += blockDim.x) {
+    for (int64_t i0 = threadIdx.x; i0 < ne0; i0 += blockDim.x) {
        if (i0 < ne00 && i1 < ne01 && i2 < ne02 && i3 < ne03) {
            x = (const float *)(src0 + (i3       )*nb03 + (i2       )*nb02 + (i1       )*nb01 + (i0       )*nb00);
        } else {
-            x = (const float *)(src1 + (i3 - o[3])*nb13 + (i2 - o[2])*nb12 + (i1 - o[1])*nb11 + (i0 - o[0])*nb10);
+            if constexpr (dim == 0) {
+                x = (const float *) (src1 + i3 * nb13 + i2 * nb12 + i1 * nb11 + (i0 - ne00) * nb10);
+            } else if constexpr (dim == 1) {
+                x = (const float *) (src1 + i3 * nb13 + i2 * nb12 + (i1 - ne01) * nb11 + i0 * nb10);
+            } else if constexpr (dim == 2) {
+                x = (const float *) (src1 + i3 * nb13 + (i2 - ne02) * nb12 + i1 * nb11 + i0 * nb10);
+            } else if constexpr (dim == 3) {
+                x = (const float *) (src1 + (i3 - ne03) * nb13 + i2 * nb12 + i1 * nb11 + i0 * nb10);
+            }
        }

        float * y = (float *)(dst + i3*nb3 + i2*nb2 + i1*nb1 + i0*nb0);
@@ -182,15 +190,32 @@ void ggml_cuda_op_concat(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
        }
    } else {
        dim3 grid_dim(dst->ne[1], dst->ne[2], dst->ne[3]);
-        concat_f32_non_cont<<<grid_dim, CUDA_CONCAT_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>(
-                (const char *)src0->data,
-                (const char *)src1->data,
-                (      char *)dst->data,
+        auto launch_kernel = [&](auto dim) {
+            concat_f32_non_cont<dim><<<grid_dim, CUDA_CONCAT_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>(
+                (const char *) src0->data, (const char *) src1->data, (char *) dst->data,
                src0->ne[0], src0->ne[1], src0->ne[2], src0->ne[3],
                src0->nb[0], src0->nb[1], src0->nb[2], src0->nb[3],
                src1->ne[0], src1->ne[1], src1->ne[2], src1->ne[3],
                src1->nb[0], src1->nb[1], src1->nb[2], src1->nb[3],
-                dst->ne[0],  dst->ne[1],  dst->ne[2],  dst->ne[3],
-                dst->nb[0],  dst->nb[1],  dst->nb[2],  dst->nb[3], dim);
+                dst->ne[0], dst->ne[1], dst->ne[2], dst->ne[3],
+                dst->nb[0], dst->nb[1], dst->nb[2], dst->nb[3]);
+        };
+        switch (dim) {
+            case 0:
+                launch_kernel(std::integral_constant<int, 0>{});
+                break;
+            case 1:
+                launch_kernel(std::integral_constant<int, 1>{});
+                break;
+            case 2:
+                launch_kernel(std::integral_constant<int, 2>{});
+                break;
+            case 3:
+                launch_kernel(std::integral_constant<int, 3>{});
+                break;
+            default:
+                GGML_ABORT("Invalid dim: %d", dim);
+                break;
+        }
    }
 }
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ static __global__ void dequantize_block(const void * __restrict__ vx, dst_t * __

 template <bool need_check>
 static __global__ void dequantize_block_q8_0_f16(const void * __restrict__ vx, half * __restrict__ y, const int64_t k) {
-#if __CUDA_ARCH__ >= CC_PASCAL
+#if __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_PASCAL
    constexpr int nint = CUDA_Q8_0_NE_ALIGN/sizeof(int) + WARP_SIZE;

    const int64_t   i0 = CUDA_Q8_0_NE_ALIGN*blockIdx.x;
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ static __global__ void dequantize_block_q8_0_f16(const void * __restrict__ vx, h
    GGML_UNUSED(y);
    GGML_UNUSED(k);
    NO_DEVICE_CODE;
-#endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= CC_PASCAL
+#endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_PASCAL
 }

 template<typename dst_t>
@@ -599,7 +599,7 @@ to_fp16_cuda_t ggml_get_to_fp16_cuda(ggml_type type) {
        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
            return dequantize_block_cuda<QK5_1, QR5_1, dequantize_q5_1>;
        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
-            if (ggml_cuda_info().devices[ggml_cuda_get_device()].cc >= CC_PASCAL) {
+            if (ggml_cuda_info().devices[ggml_cuda_get_device()].cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_PASCAL) {
                return dequantize_block_q8_0_f16_cuda;
            }
            return dequantize_block_cuda<QK8_0, QR8_0, dequantize_q8_0>;
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ void ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst
    const enum ggml_prec prec = ggml_flash_attn_ext_get_prec(KQV);

    // On AMD the tile kernels perform poorly, use the vec kernel instead:
-    if (cc >= CC_OFFSET_AMD) {
+    if (cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD) {
        if (prec == GGML_PREC_DEFAULT && fast_fp16_available(cc)) {
            ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_vec_f16(ctx, dst);
        } else {
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ static ggml_cuda_device_info ggml_cuda_init() {
        info.devices[id].smpb  = prop.sharedMemPerBlock;
 #if defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)
        info.devices[id].smpbo = prop.sharedMemPerBlock;
-        info.devices[id].cc = 100*prop.major + 10*prop.minor + CC_OFFSET_AMD;
+        info.devices[id].cc = 100*prop.major + 10*prop.minor + GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD;
 #else
        info.devices[id].smpbo = prop.sharedMemPerBlockOptin;
        info.devices[id].cc = 100*prop.major + 10*prop.minor;
@@ -1081,7 +1081,7 @@ static void ggml_cuda_op_mul_mat_cublas(

    const int compute_capability = ggml_cuda_info().devices[id].cc;

-    if (compute_capability >= CC_VOLTA && (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || ggml_is_quantized(src0->type)) && ggml_is_contiguous(src0) && row_diff == src0->ne[1] && dst->op_params[0] == GGML_PREC_DEFAULT) {
+    if (compute_capability >= GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA && (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || ggml_is_quantized(src0->type)) && ggml_is_contiguous(src0) && row_diff == src0->ne[1] && dst->op_params[0] == GGML_PREC_DEFAULT) {
        // convert src0 and src1 to fp16, multiply as fp16, convert dst to fp32
        ggml_cuda_pool_alloc<half> src0_as_f16(ctx.pool(id));
        if (src0->type != GGML_TYPE_F16) {
@@ -1108,7 +1108,7 @@ static void ggml_cuda_op_mul_mat_cublas(
        const half beta_f16 = 0.0f;

        cublasComputeType_t cu_compute_type = CUBLAS_COMPUTE_16F;
-        if (ggml_cuda_info().devices[ctx.device].cc == CC_CDNA) {
+        if (ggml_cuda_info().devices[ctx.device].cc == GGML_CUDA_CC_CDNA) {
            cu_compute_type = CUBLAS_COMPUTE_32F;
        }

@@ -1612,7 +1612,7 @@ static void ggml_cuda_mul_mat_batched_cublas(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, co
    cublasComputeType_t cu_compute_type = CUBLAS_COMPUTE_16F;
    cudaDataType_t      cu_data_type    = CUDA_R_16F;

-    if (ggml_cuda_info().devices[ctx.device].cc == CC_CDNA) {
+    if (ggml_cuda_info().devices[ctx.device].cc == GGML_CUDA_CC_CDNA) {
        cu_compute_type = CUBLAS_COMPUTE_32F;
    }

@@ -2357,7 +2357,7 @@ static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_cuda_graph_compute(ggml_backend_t backend,
    std::vector<void *> ggml_cuda_cpy_fn_ptrs;

    if (cuda_ctx->cuda_graph->graph == nullptr) {
-        if (ggml_cuda_info().devices[cuda_ctx->device].cc < CC_AMPERE) {
+        if (ggml_cuda_info().devices[cuda_ctx->device].cc < GGML_CUDA_CC_AMPERE) {
            cuda_ctx->cuda_graph->disable_due_to_gpu_arch = true;
 #ifndef NDEBUG
            GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: disabling CUDA graphs due to GPU architecture\n", __func__);
@@ -3028,7 +3028,7 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cuda_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const g
                return true;
            }
            const int cc = ggml_cuda_info().devices[dev_ctx->device].cc;
-            return cc >= CC_VOLTA && cc < CC_OFFSET_AMD && op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && op->src[2]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16;
+            return cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA && cc < GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD && op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && op->src[2]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16;
        }
        case GGML_OP_CROSS_ENTROPY_LOSS:
        case GGML_OP_CROSS_ENTROPY_LOSS_BACK:
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ struct mma_int_C_I16J8 {

    __device__ __forceinline__ void mma_K4(const mma_int_A_I16K4 & mma_A, const mma_int_B_J8K4 & mma_B) {
 #ifdef INT8_MMA_AVAILABLE
-#if __CUDA_ARCH__ >= CC_AMPERE
+#if __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_AMPERE
        asm("mma.sync.aligned.m16n8k16.row.col.s32.s8.s8.s32 {%0, %1, %2, %3}, {%4, %5}, {%6}, {%0, %1, %2, %3};"
            : "+r"(x[0]), "+r"(x[1]), "+r"(x[2]), "+r"(x[3])
            : "r"(mma_A.x[0]), "r"(mma_A.x[1]), "r"(mma_B.x[0]));
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ struct mma_int_C_I16J8 {
        asm("mma.sync.aligned.m8n8k16.row.col.s32.s8.s8.s32 {%0, %1}, {%2}, {%3}, {%0, %1};"
            : "+r"(x[2]), "+r"(x[3])
            : "r"(mma_A.x[1]), "r"(mma_B.x[0]));
-#endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= CC_AMPERE
+#endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_AMPERE
 #else
        GGML_UNUSED(mma_A);
        GGML_UNUSED(mma_B);
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ struct mma_int_C_I16J8 {

    __device__ __forceinline__ void mma_K8(const mma_int_A_I16K8 & mma_A, const mma_int_B_J8K8 & mma_B) {
 #ifdef INT8_MMA_AVAILABLE
-#if __CUDA_ARCH__ >= CC_AMPERE
+#if __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_AMPERE
        asm("mma.sync.aligned.m16n8k32.row.col.s32.s8.s8.s32 {%0, %1, %2, %3}, {%4, %5, %6, %7}, {%8, %9}, {%0, %1, %2, %3};"
            : "+r"(x[0]), "+r"(x[1]), "+r"(x[2]), "+r"(x[3])
            : "r"(mma_A.x[0]), "r"(mma_A.x[1]), "r"(mma_A.x[2]), "r"(mma_A.x[3]), "r"(mma_B.x[0]), "r"(mma_B.x[1]));
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ struct mma_int_C_I16J8 {
        asm("mma.sync.aligned.m8n8k16.row.col.s32.s8.s8.s32 {%0, %1}, {%2}, {%3}, {%0, %1};"
            : "+r"(x[2]), "+r"(x[3])
            : "r"(mma_A.x[3]), "r"(mma_B.x[1]));
-#endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= CC_AMPERE
+#endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_AMPERE
 #else
        GGML_UNUSED(mma_A);
        GGML_UNUSED(mma_B);
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ void ggml_cuda_op_mul_mat_q(
    // The stream-k decomposition is only faster for recent NVIDIA GPUs.
    // Also its fixup needs to allocate a temporary buffer in the memory pool.
    // There are multiple parallel CUDA streams for src1_ncols != ne11 which would introduce a race condition for this buffer.
-    const bool use_stream_k = compute_capability >= CC_VOLTA && compute_capability < CC_OFFSET_AMD && src1_ncols == ne11;
+    const bool use_stream_k = compute_capability >= GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA && compute_capability < GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD && src1_ncols == ne11;
    const mmq_args args = {src0_dd_i, src1_ddq_i, dst_dd_i, ne00, row_diff, stride00, src1_padded_row_size, src1_ncols, ne11, nrows_dst, use_stream_k};

    switch (src0->type) {
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ bool ggml_cuda_should_use_mmq(enum ggml_type type, int cc, int64_t ne11) {
        return true;
    }

-    if (cc < MIN_CC_DP4A) {
+    if (cc < GGML_CUDA_CC_DP4A) {
        return false;
    }

@@ -144,9 +144,9 @@ bool ggml_cuda_should_use_mmq(enum ggml_type type, int cc, int64_t ne11) {
    return true;
 #endif //GGML_CUDA_FORCE_MMQ

-    if (cc < CC_OFFSET_AMD) {
-        return cc < CC_VOLTA || ne11 < MMQ_DP4A_MAX_BATCH_SIZE;
+    if (cc < GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD) {
+        return cc < GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA || ne11 < MMQ_DP4A_MAX_BATCH_SIZE;
    }

-    return (cc < CC_RDNA3 && cc != CC_CDNA && cc != CC_VEGA20) || ne11 < MMQ_DP4A_MAX_BATCH_SIZE;
+    return (cc < GGML_CUDA_CC_RDNA3 && cc != GGML_CUDA_CC_CDNA && cc != GGML_CUDA_CC_VEGA20) || ne11 < MMQ_DP4A_MAX_BATCH_SIZE;
 }
@@ -89,9 +89,9 @@ struct tile_x_sizes {
 static constexpr int get_mmq_x_max_host(const int cc) {
    return int8_mma_available(cc) ? 128 :
 #ifdef GGML_CUDA_FORCE_MMQ
-        cc >= CC_VOLTA && cc < CC_OFFSET_AMD ? 128                     : 64;
+        cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA && cc < GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD ? 128                     : 64;
 #else
-        cc >= CC_VOLTA && cc < CC_OFFSET_AMD ? MMQ_DP4A_MAX_BATCH_SIZE : 64;
+        cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA && cc < GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD ? MMQ_DP4A_MAX_BATCH_SIZE : 64;
 #endif // GGML_CUDA_FORCE_MMQ
 }

@@ -104,23 +104,23 @@ static constexpr __device__ int get_mmq_x_max_device() {
    return 128;
 #else // defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)

-#if __CUDA_ARCH__ >= CC_VOLTA
+#if __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
 #ifdef GGML_CUDA_FORCE_MMQ
    return MMQ_DP4A_MAX_BATCH_SIZE;
 #else // GGML_CUDA_FORCE_MMQ
    return 128;
 #endif // GGML_CUDA_FORCE_MMQ
-#else // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= CC_VOLTA
+#else // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA

    return 64;
-#endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= CC_VOLTA
+#endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA

 #endif // defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)
 #endif // INT8_MMA_AVAILABLE
 }

 static constexpr int get_mmq_y_host(const int cc) {
-    return cc >= CC_OFFSET_AMD ? (cc == CC_RDNA1 ? 64 : 128) : (cc >= CC_VOLTA ? 128 : 64);
+    return cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD ? (cc == GGML_CUDA_CC_RDNA1 ? 64 : 128) : (cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA ? 128 : 64);
 }

 static constexpr __device__ int get_mmq_y_device() {
@@ -131,11 +131,11 @@ static constexpr __device__ int get_mmq_y_device() {
    return 128;
 #endif // defined RDNA1
 #else
-#if __CUDA_ARCH__ >= CC_VOLTA
+#if __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
    return 128;
 #else
    return 64;
-#endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= CC_VOLTA
+#endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
 #endif // defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)
 }

@@ -2574,11 +2574,11 @@ template <ggml_type type, int mmq_x, int nwarps, bool need_check>
    __launch_bounds__(WARP_SIZE*nwarps, 2)
 #endif // defined(RDNA3) || defined(RDNA2) || defined(CDNA) || defined(GCN)
 #else
-#if __CUDA_ARCH__ >= CC_VOLTA
+#if __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
    __launch_bounds__(WARP_SIZE*nwarps, 1)
 #else
    __launch_bounds__(WARP_SIZE*nwarps, 2)
-#endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= CC_VOLTA
+#endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
 #endif // defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)
 static __global__ void mul_mat_q(
    const char * __restrict__ x, const char * __restrict__ yc, float * __restrict__ dst, float * __restrict__ tmp_fixup,
@@ -2594,7 +2594,7 @@ static __global__ void mul_mat_q(
    constexpr int mmq_y = get_mmq_y_device();

    // On AMD or old CUDA the performance with stream-k was worse, use conventional tiling instead:
-#if (defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) || __CUDA_ARCH__ < CC_VOLTA
+#if (defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) || __CUDA_ARCH__ < GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
    {
        constexpr bool fixup = false;
        mul_mat_q_process_tile<type, mmq_x, nwarps, need_check, fixup>
@@ -2602,7 +2602,7 @@ static __global__ void mul_mat_q(
                blockIdx.x, blockIdx.y, 0, ne00/qk);
        return;
    }
-#endif // (defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) || __CUDA_ARCH__ < CC_VOLTA
+#endif // (defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) || __CUDA_ARCH__ < GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA

    const     int64_t blocks_per_ne00 = ne00 / qk;
    constexpr int     blocks_per_iter = MMQ_ITER_K / qk;
@@ -2825,7 +2825,7 @@ void mul_mat_q_case(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, const mmq_args & args, cuda
    const int mmq_x_max = get_mmq_x_max_host(cc);
    const int mmq_y = get_mmq_y_host(cc);
    const int block_num_y = (args.ne01 + mmq_y - 1) / mmq_y;
-    const bool use_stream_k = cc >= CC_VOLTA && cc < CC_OFFSET_AMD;
+    const bool use_stream_k = cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA && cc < GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD;

    int mmq_x_best  = 0;
    int nparts_best = INT_MAX;
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ static __global__ void mul_mat_vec(
    if (block_size > WARP_SIZE) {
        buf_iw[tid/WARP_SIZE] = sumf;
        __syncthreads();
-        if (tid > WARP_SIZE) {
+        if (tid >= WARP_SIZE) {
            return;
        }
        sumf = buf_iw[tid];
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ static void mul_mat_vec_q_cuda(
    int64_t nwarps = 1;
    int64_t rows_per_cuda_block = 1;

-    if (ggml_cuda_info().devices[id].cc < CC_CDNA || ggml_cuda_info().devices[id].cc == CC_RDNA1) { // NVIDIA and AMD older than RDNA2 but not CDNA
+    if (ggml_cuda_info().devices[id].cc < GGML_CUDA_CC_CDNA || ggml_cuda_info().devices[id].cc == GGML_CUDA_CC_RDNA1) { // NVIDIA and AMD older than RDNA2 but not CDNA
        switch(ncols_y) {
            case 1:
                nwarps = 4;
@@ -4,6 +4,11 @@ struct rope_corr_dims {
    float v[2];
 };

+
+struct mrope_sections {
+    int v[4];
+};
+
 static __device__ float rope_yarn_ramp(const float low, const float high, const int i0) {
    const float y = (i0 / 2 - low) / max(0.001f, high - low);
    return 1.0f - min(1.0f, max(0.0f, y));
@@ -108,6 +113,105 @@ static __global__ void rope_neox(
    dst[i + n_dims/2] = x0*sin_theta + x1*cos_theta;
 }

+template<typename T, bool has_ff>
+static __global__ void rope_multi(
+    const T * x, T * dst, int ne0, int ne2, int n_dims, const int32_t * pos, float freq_scale, int p_delta_rows,
+    float ext_factor, float attn_factor, rope_corr_dims corr_dims, float theta_scale, const float * freq_factors, mrope_sections sections) {
+    const int i0 = 2*(blockDim.y*blockIdx.y + threadIdx.y);
+
+    if (i0 >= ne0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const int row = blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
+
+    if (i0 >= n_dims) {
+        const int i = row*ne0 + i0;
+
+        dst[i + 0] = x[i + 0];
+        dst[i + 1] = x[i + 1];
+
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const int i  = row*ne0 + i0/2;
+    const int i2 = row/p_delta_rows;
+
+    int sect_dims = sections.v[0] + sections.v[1] + sections.v[2] + sections.v[3];
+    int sec_w = sections.v[1] + sections.v[0];
+    int sector = (i0 / 2) % sect_dims;
+
+    float theta_base = 0.0;
+    if (sector < sections.v[0]) {
+        theta_base = pos[i2]*powf(theta_scale, i0/2.0f);
+    }
+    else if (sector >= sections.v[0] && sector < sec_w) {
+        theta_base = pos[i2 + ne2 * 1]*powf(theta_scale, i0/2.0f);
+    }
+    else if (sector >= sec_w && sector < sec_w + sections.v[2]) {
+        theta_base = pos[i2 + ne2 * 2]*powf(theta_scale, i0/2.0f);
+    }
+    else if (sector >= sec_w + sections.v[2]) {
+        theta_base = pos[i2 + ne2 * 3]*powf(theta_scale, i0/2.0f);
+    }
+
+    const float freq_factor = has_ff ? freq_factors[i0/2] : 1.0f;
+
+    float cos_theta;
+    float sin_theta;
+
+    rope_yarn(theta_base/freq_factor, freq_scale, corr_dims, i0, ext_factor, attn_factor, &cos_theta, &sin_theta);
+
+    const float x0 = x[i + 0];
+    const float x1 = x[i + n_dims/2];
+
+    dst[i + 0]        = x0*cos_theta - x1*sin_theta;
+    dst[i + n_dims/2] = x0*sin_theta + x1*cos_theta;
+}
+
+template<typename T, bool has_ff>
+static __global__ void rope_vision(
+    const T * x, T * dst, int ne0, int ne2, int n_dims, const int32_t * pos, float freq_scale, int p_delta_rows,
+    float ext_factor, float attn_factor, rope_corr_dims corr_dims, float theta_scale, const float * freq_factors, mrope_sections sections) {
+    const int i0 = 2*(blockDim.y*blockIdx.y + threadIdx.y);
+
+    if (i0 >= ne0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const int row = blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
+
+    const int i  = row*ne0 + i0/2;
+    const int i2 = row/p_delta_rows; // i2-th tokens
+
+    int sect_dims = sections.v[0] + sections.v[1];
+    int sec_w = sections.v[1] + sections.v[0];
+    int sector = (i0 / 2) % sect_dims;
+
+    float theta_base = 0.0;
+    if (sector < sections.v[0]) {
+        const int p = sector;
+        theta_base = pos[i2]*powf(theta_scale, p);
+    }
+    else if (sector >= sections.v[0] && sector < sec_w) {
+        const int p = sector - sections.v[0];
+        theta_base = pos[i2 + ne2]*powf(theta_scale, p);
+    }
+
+    const float freq_factor = has_ff ? freq_factors[i0/2] : 1.0f;
+
+    float cos_theta;
+    float sin_theta;
+
+    rope_yarn(theta_base/freq_factor, freq_scale, corr_dims, i0, ext_factor, attn_factor, &cos_theta, &sin_theta);
+
+    const float x0 = x[i + 0];
+    const float x1 = x[i + n_dims];
+
+    dst[i + 0]      = x0*cos_theta - x1*sin_theta;
+    dst[i + n_dims] = x0*sin_theta + x1*cos_theta;
+}
+
 template<typename T>
 static void rope_norm_cuda(
    const T * x, T * dst, int ne0, int n_dims, int nr, const int32_t * pos, float freq_scale, int p_delta_rows,
@@ -156,6 +260,56 @@ static void rope_neox_cuda(
    }
 }

+template<typename T>
+static void rope_multi_cuda(
+    const T * x, T * dst, int ne0, int ne2, int n_dims, int nr, const int32_t * pos, float freq_scale, int p_delta_rows,
+    float freq_base, float ext_factor, float attn_factor, rope_corr_dims corr_dims, const float * freq_factors, mrope_sections sections, cudaStream_t stream) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne0 % 2 == 0);
+    const dim3 block_dims(1, CUDA_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE, 1);
+    const int n_blocks_x = (ne0 + 2*CUDA_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / (2*CUDA_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE);
+    const dim3 block_nums(nr, n_blocks_x, 1);
+
+    const float theta_scale = powf(freq_base, -2.0f/n_dims);
+
+    if (freq_factors == nullptr) {
+        rope_multi<T, false><<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(
+                x, dst, ne0, ne2, n_dims, pos, freq_scale, p_delta_rows, ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims,
+                theta_scale, freq_factors, sections
+                );
+    } else {
+        rope_multi<T, true><<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(
+                x, dst, ne0, ne2, n_dims, pos, freq_scale, p_delta_rows, ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims,
+                theta_scale, freq_factors, sections
+                );
+    }
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+static void rope_vision_cuda(
+    const T * x, T * dst, int ne0, int ne2, int n_dims, int nr, const int32_t * pos, float freq_scale, int p_delta_rows,
+    float freq_base, float ext_factor, float attn_factor, rope_corr_dims corr_dims, const float * freq_factors, mrope_sections sections, cudaStream_t stream) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne0 % 2 == 0);
+    const dim3 block_dims(1, CUDA_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE, 1);
+    const int n_blocks_x = (ne0 + 2*CUDA_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / (2*CUDA_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE);
+    const dim3 block_nums(nr, n_blocks_x, 1);
+    // break down (head_dim, heads, seq) into (CUDA_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE, x, heads * seq)
+    // where x ~= ceil(head_dim / CUDA_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE);
+
+    const float theta_scale = powf(freq_base, -2.0f/n_dims);
+
+    if (freq_factors == nullptr) {
+        rope_vision<T, false><<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(
+                x, dst, ne0, ne2, n_dims, pos, freq_scale, p_delta_rows, ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims,
+                theta_scale, freq_factors, sections
+                );
+    } else {
+        rope_vision<T, true><<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(
+                x, dst, ne0, ne2, n_dims, pos, freq_scale, p_delta_rows, ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims,
+                theta_scale, freq_factors, sections
+                );
+    }
+}
+
 static void rope_norm_cuda_f16(
    const half * x, half * dst, int ne0, int n_dims, int nr, const int32_t * pos, float freq_scale, int p_delta_rows,
    float freq_base, float ext_factor, float attn_factor, rope_corr_dims corr_dims, const float * freq_factors, cudaStream_t stream) {
@@ -185,6 +339,38 @@ static void rope_neox_cuda_f32(
    rope_neox_cuda<float>(x, dst, ne0, n_dims, nr, pos, freq_scale, p_delta_rows, freq_base, ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims, freq_factors, stream);
 }

+static void rope_multi_cuda_f16(
+    const half * x, half * dst, int ne0, int ne2, int n_dims, int nr, const int32_t * pos, float freq_scale, int p_delta_rows,
+    float freq_base, float ext_factor, float attn_factor, rope_corr_dims corr_dims, const float * freq_factors, mrope_sections sections, cudaStream_t stream
+) {
+
+    rope_multi_cuda<half>(x, dst, ne0, ne2, n_dims, nr, pos, freq_scale, p_delta_rows, freq_base, ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims, freq_factors, sections, stream);
+}
+
+static void rope_multi_cuda_f32(
+    const float * x, float * dst, int ne0, int ne2, int n_dims, int nr, const int32_t * pos, float freq_scale, int p_delta_rows,
+    float freq_base, float ext_factor, float attn_factor, rope_corr_dims corr_dims, const float * freq_factors, mrope_sections sections, cudaStream_t stream
+) {
+
+    rope_multi_cuda<float>(x, dst, ne0, ne2, n_dims, nr, pos, freq_scale, p_delta_rows, freq_base, ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims, freq_factors, sections, stream);
+}
+
+static void rope_vision_cuda_f16(
+    const half * x, half * dst, int ne0, int ne2, int n_dims, int nr, const int32_t * pos, float freq_scale, int p_delta_rows,
+    float freq_base, float ext_factor, float attn_factor, rope_corr_dims corr_dims, const float * freq_factors, mrope_sections sections, cudaStream_t stream
+) {
+
+    rope_vision_cuda<half>(x, dst, ne0, ne2, n_dims, nr, pos, freq_scale, p_delta_rows, freq_base, ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims, freq_factors, sections, stream);
+}
+
+static void rope_vision_cuda_f32(
+    const float * x, float * dst, int ne0, int ne2, int n_dims, int nr, const int32_t * pos, float freq_scale, int p_delta_rows,
+    float freq_base, float ext_factor, float attn_factor, rope_corr_dims corr_dims, const float * freq_factors, mrope_sections sections, cudaStream_t stream
+) {
+
+    rope_vision_cuda<float>(x, dst, ne0, ne2, n_dims, nr, pos, freq_scale, p_delta_rows, freq_base, ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims, freq_factors, sections, stream);
+}
+
 void ggml_cuda_op_rope(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
@@ -201,8 +387,9 @@ void ggml_cuda_op_rope(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
    GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 ||  dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == dst->type);

-    const int64_t ne00 = src0->ne[0];
-    const int64_t ne01 = src0->ne[1];
+    const int64_t ne00 = src0->ne[0]; // head dims
+    const int64_t ne01 = src0->ne[1]; // num heads
+    const int64_t ne02 = src0->ne[2]; // num heads
    const int64_t nr = ggml_nrows(src0);

    //const int n_past     = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[0];
@@ -210,6 +397,7 @@ void ggml_cuda_op_rope(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
    const int mode       = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[2];
    //const int n_ctx      = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[3];
    const int n_ctx_orig = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[4];
+    mrope_sections sections;

    // RoPE alteration for extended context
    float freq_base;
@@ -225,8 +413,19 @@ void ggml_cuda_op_rope(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
    memcpy(&attn_factor, (int32_t *) dst->op_params +  8, sizeof(float));
    memcpy(&beta_fast,   (int32_t *) dst->op_params +  9, sizeof(float));
    memcpy(&beta_slow,   (int32_t *) dst->op_params + 10, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&sections.v,  (int32_t *) dst->op_params + 11, sizeof(int)*4);

    const bool is_neox = mode & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NEOX;
+    const bool is_mrope = mode & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_MROPE;
+    const bool is_vision = mode == GGML_ROPE_TYPE_VISION;
+
+    if (is_mrope) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(sections.v[0] > 0 || sections.v[1] > 0 || sections.v[2] > 0);
+    }
+
+    if (is_vision) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(n_dims == ne00/2);
+    }

    const int32_t * pos = (const int32_t *) src1_d;

@@ -253,6 +452,34 @@ void ggml_cuda_op_rope(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
        } else {
            GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
        }
+    } else if (is_mrope && !is_vision) {
+        if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            rope_multi_cuda_f32(
+                (const float *)src0_d, (float *)dst_d, ne00, ne02, n_dims, nr, pos, freq_scale, ne01, freq_base, ext_factor,
+                attn_factor, corr_dims, freq_factors, sections, stream
+            );
+        } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+            rope_multi_cuda_f16(
+                (const half *)src0_d, (half *)dst_d, ne00, ne02, n_dims, nr, pos, freq_scale, ne01, freq_base, ext_factor,
+                attn_factor, corr_dims, freq_factors, sections, stream
+            );
+        } else {
+            GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+        }
+    } else if (is_vision) {
+        if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            rope_vision_cuda_f32(
+                (const float *)src0_d, (float *)dst_d, ne00, ne02, n_dims, nr, pos, freq_scale, ne01, freq_base, ext_factor,
+                attn_factor, corr_dims, freq_factors, sections, stream
+            );
+        } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+            rope_vision_cuda_f16(
+                (const half *)src0_d, (half *)dst_d, ne00, ne02, n_dims, nr, pos, freq_scale, ne01, freq_base, ext_factor,
+                attn_factor, corr_dims, freq_factors, sections, stream
+            );
+        } else {
+            GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+        }
    } else {
        if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
            rope_norm_cuda_f32(
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 #endif // !defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && !defined(GGML_USE_MUSA) && CUDART_VERSION >= 11700

 #ifdef USE_CUB
-// On Windows CUB uses libraries with variables called CC_PASCAL which conflict with the define in common.cuh.
-// For this reason CUB must be included BEFORE anything else.
 #include <cub/cub.cuh>
 using namespace cub;
 #endif // USE_CUB
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More