chat : fix muse-glimmer detection of tool calls after EOM (#26879 )

* chat : fix muse-glimmer swallowing a trailing tool call into content Muse Glimmer routinely answers the user and calls a tool in a single generation. The template terminates a message with <|eom|> when more messages follow in the same turn and <|eot|> only at the end of the turn, so the answer is closed by <|eom|> and the call opens a fresh header: <prose><|eom|><|start|>assistant to=<tool><|message|><atem:function_calls>... The final-message rule read content with until("<|eot|>"), which assumed the user-facing message is always last. There is no <|eot|> before the call, so content ran to the end of the turn, absorbed the markup, and no tool_calls were emitted - the tool never ran. On a tau2-bench telecom run this hit 43 turns across 19 of 114 tasks. Stop the answer at <|eom|> and parse what follows as tool calls. Adds models/templates/muse-glimmer.jinja and four parser tests: a plain answer, the <|eom|> junction, markup quoted in an answer staying content, and tool markup inside the to=self channel staying reasoning. * address comment
ci : add missing release check (#26923 )
2026-08-12 22:56:35 +02:00 · 2026-08-11 15:15:20 -05:00 · 2026-08-11 21:20:40 +03:00 · 2026-08-11 20:50:03 +03:00 · 2026-08-11 20:46:23 +03:00 · 2026-08-11 19:52:12 +03:00
718 changed files with 17459 additions and 8913 deletions
@@ -57,7 +57,6 @@ COPY --from=web /app/tools/ui/dist tools/ui/dist
 RUN HIPCXX="$(hipconfig -l)/clang" HIP_PATH="$(hipconfig -R)" \
    cmake -S . -B build \
        -DGGML_HIP=ON \
-        -DGGML_HIP_ROCWMMA_FATTN=ON \
        -DAMDGPU_TARGETS="$ROCM_DOCKER_ARCH" \
        -DGGML_BACKEND_DL=ON -DGGML_CPU_ALL_VARIANTS=ON \
        -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DLLAMA_BUILD_TESTS=OFF \
@@ -4,6 +4,10 @@ inputs:
  cuda_version:
    description: "CUDA toolkit version"
    required: true
+  cuda_arch:
+    description: "CUDA target architecture"
+    required: false
+    default: "x64"

 runs:
  using: "composite"
@@ -127,3 +131,26 @@ runs:
          echo "C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v13.3\bin" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_PATH -Encoding utf8 -Append
          echo "CUDA_PATH=C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v13.3" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append -Encoding utf8
          echo "CUDA_PATH_V13_3=C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v13.3" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append -Encoding utf8
+
+    - name: Install Cuda Toolkit 13.4 for ARM64
+      if: ${{ inputs.cuda_version == '13.4' && inputs.cuda_arch == 'arm64' }}
+      shell: pwsh
+      run: |
+          mkdir -p "C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v13.4"
+          choco install unzip -y
+          curl -O "https://packages.nvidia.com/bin-archive/pool/windows-x86_64/5B515474-7E78-11F1-8656-C51E4F4B317F/cccl-windows-x86_64-13.3.4.1.2-archive.zip"
+          curl -O "https://packages.nvidia.com/bin-archive/pool/windows-x86_64/5B515474-7E78-11F1-8656-C51E4F4B317F/cuda_crt-windows-x86_64-13.4.46-archive.zip"
+          curl -O "https://packages.nvidia.com/bin-archive/pool/windows-x86_64/5B515474-7E78-11F1-8656-C51E4F4B317F/cuda_nvcc-windows-x86_64-13.4.46-archive.zip"
+          curl -O "https://packages.nvidia.com/bin-archive/pool/windows-x86_64/5B515474-7E78-11F1-8656-C51E4F4B317F/libnvvm-windows-x86_64-13.4.46-archive.zip"
+          curl -O "https://packages.nvidia.com/bin-archive/pool/windows-arm64/5B515474-7E78-11F1-8656-C51E4F4B317F/cuda_cudart-windows-arm64-13.4.46-archive.zip"
+          curl -O "https://packages.nvidia.com/bin-archive/pool/windows-arm64/5B515474-7E78-11F1-8656-C51E4F4B317F/libcublas-windows-arm64-13.7.0.10-archive.zip"
+          unzip '*.zip' -d "C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v13.4"
+          xcopy "C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v13.4\cccl-windows-x86_64-13.3.4.1.2-archive\*" "C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v13.4" /E /I /H /Y
+          xcopy "C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v13.4\cuda_crt-windows-x86_64-13.4.46-archive\*" "C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v13.4" /E /I /H /Y
+          xcopy "C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v13.4\cuda_nvcc-windows-x86_64-13.4.46-archive\*" "C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v13.4" /E /I /H /Y
+          xcopy "C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v13.4\libnvvm-windows-x86_64-13.4.46-archive\*" "C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v13.4" /E /I /H /Y
+          xcopy "C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v13.4\cuda_cudart-windows-arm64-13.4.46-archive\*" "C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v13.4" /E /I /H /Y
+          xcopy "C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v13.4\libcublas-windows-arm64-13.7.0.10-archive\*" "C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v13.4" /E /I /H /Y
+          echo "C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v13.4\bin" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_PATH -Encoding utf8 -Append
+          echo "CUDA_PATH=C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v13.4" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append -Encoding utf8
+          echo "CUDA_PATH_V13_4=C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v13.4" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append -Encoding utf8
@@ -8,8 +8,26 @@ inputs:
 runs:
  using: "composite"
  steps:
-    - name: Setup ROCm
-      uses: ./.github/actions/install-exe
-      with:
-        url: https://download.amd.com/developer/eula/rocm-hub/AMD-Software-PRO-Edition-${{ inputs.version }}-Win11-For-HIP.exe
-        args: -install
+    - name: Install ROCm with Wheels
+      shell: pwsh
+      run: |
+        $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
+        write-host "Setting up Python virtual environment"
+
+        # Create the venv directly at the cache location to avoid relocation issues
+        New-Item -Path "C:\TheRock\build" -ItemType Directory -Force | Out-Null
+        python -m venv C:\TheRock\build\.venv
+        & C:\TheRock\build\.venv\Scripts\Activate.ps1
+
+        write-host "Upgrading pip"
+        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+
+        write-host "Installing ROCm wheels for multi-arch support"
+        # Install ROCm wheels for multi-arch support (this may take several minutes)
+        python -m pip install --index-url https://repo.amd.com/rocm/whl-multi-arch/ "rocm[libraries,devel]==${{ inputs.version }}"
+
+        # Pre-expand the devel tree so it is included in the cache
+        write-host "Initializing ROCm devel tree"
+        rocm-sdk init
+        if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { throw "rocm-sdk init failed with exit code $LASTEXITCODE" }
+        write-host "Completed ROCm wheel installation to C:\TheRock\build"
@@ -123,8 +123,8 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: windows-2022

    env:
-      # Make sure this is in sync with build.yml
-      HIPSDK_INSTALLER_VERSION: "26.Q1"
+      # Make sure this is in sync with release.yml and build-cuda-windows.yml
+      ROCM_VERSION: "7.14.0"

    steps:
      - name: Clone
@@ -135,11 +135,11 @@ jobs:
        uses: actions/cache@v5
        id: cache-rocm
        with:
-          path: C:\Program Files\AMD\ROCm
-          key: cache-gha-rocm-${{ env.HIPSDK_INSTALLER_VERSION }}-${{ runner.os }}
+          path: C:\TheRock\build
+          key: rocm-wheels-${{ env.ROCM_VERSION }}-multi-arch-${{ runner.os }}

      - name: Setup ROCm
        if: steps.cache-rocm.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
        uses: ./.github/actions/windows-setup-rocm
        with:
-          version: ${{ env.HIPSDK_INSTALLER_VERSION }}
+          version: ${{ env.ROCM_VERSION }}
@@ -99,7 +99,6 @@ jobs:
        run: |
          cmake -B build -S . \
            -DCMAKE_HIP_COMPILER="$(hipconfig -l)/clang" \
-            -DGGML_HIP_ROCWMMA_FATTN=ON \
            -DGPU_TARGETS="gfx1030" \
            -DGGML_HIP=ON
          cmake --build build --config Release -j $(nproc)
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ jobs:

    env:
      # Make sure this is in sync with build-cache.yml
-      HIPSDK_INSTALLER_VERSION: "26.Q1"
+      ROCM_VERSION: "7.14.0"

    strategy:
      matrix:
@@ -97,36 +97,53 @@ jobs:
        id: checkout
        uses: actions/checkout@v6

-      - name: Grab rocWMMA package
-        id: grab_rocwmma
-        run: |
-          curl -o rocwmma.deb "https://repo.radeon.com/rocm/apt/7.2.1/pool/main/r/rocwmma-dev/rocwmma-dev_2.2.0.70201-81~24.04_amd64.deb"
-          7z x rocwmma.deb
-          7z x data.tar
-
-      - name: Use ROCm Installation Cache
+      - name: Cache ROCm Installation
        uses: actions/cache@v5
        id: cache-rocm
        with:
-          path: C:\Program Files\AMD\ROCm
-          key: cache-gha-rocm-${{ env.HIPSDK_INSTALLER_VERSION }}-${{ runner.os }}
+          path: C:\TheRock\build
+          key: rocm-wheels-${{ env.ROCM_VERSION }}-multi-arch-${{ runner.os }}

      - name: Setup ROCm
        if: steps.cache-rocm.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
        uses: ./.github/actions/windows-setup-rocm
        with:
-          version: ${{ env.HIPSDK_INSTALLER_VERSION }}
+          version: ${{ env.ROCM_VERSION }}
+
+      - name: Setup ROCm Environment
+        run: |
+          $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
+
+          # Activate venv from cache or fresh install
+          & C:\TheRock\build\.venv\Scripts\Activate.ps1
+
+          # Expand the devel tree (idempotent; no-op if already done during install)
+          rocm-sdk init
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { throw "rocm-sdk init failed with exit code $LASTEXITCODE" }
+
+          # Get ROCm installation paths using the rocm-sdk CLI tool
+          $rocmPath = (rocm-sdk path --root)
+          if (-not $rocmPath) { throw "rocm-sdk path --root returned empty - devel package may not be installed" }
+          $rocmPath = $rocmPath.Trim()
+          $cmakePath = (rocm-sdk path --cmake).Trim()
+          $binPath = (rocm-sdk path --bin).Trim()
+          write-host "ROCm root: $rocmPath"
+
+          echo "HIP_PATH=$rocmPath" >> $env:GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=$cmakePath" >> $env:GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "HIP_DEVICE_LIB_PATH=$rocmPath\lib\llvm\amdgcn\bitcode" >> $env:GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "HIP_PLATFORM=amd" >> $env:GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "LLVM_PATH=$rocmPath\lib\llvm" >> $env:GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "$binPath" >> $env:GITHUB_PATH
+
+          # Keep venv in PATH for subsequent steps
+          echo "C:\TheRock\build\.venv\Scripts" >> $env:GITHUB_PATH

      - name: Verify ROCm
        id: verify
        run: |
-          # Find and test ROCm installation
-          $clangPath = Get-ChildItem 'C:\Program Files\AMD\ROCm\*\bin\clang.exe' | Select-Object -First 1
-          if (-not $clangPath) {
-            Write-Error "ROCm installation not found"
-            exit 1
-          }
-          & $clangPath.FullName --version
+          # Test the ROCm clang shipped in the installed wheel
+          & "${env:HIP_PATH}\lib\llvm\bin\clang.exe" --version

      - name: ccache
        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.21
@@ -134,29 +151,27 @@ jobs:
          # TODO: this build does not match the build in release.yml, so we use a different cache key
          #       ideally, the builds should match, similar to the CUDA build above so that we would be able
          #       to populate the ccache for the release with manual runs of this workflow
-          #key: release-windows-2022-x64-hip-${{ env.HIPSDK_INSTALLER_VERSION }}-${{ matrix.name }}
-          key: cuda-windows-2022-x64-hip-${{ env.HIPSDK_INSTALLER_VERSION }}-${{ matrix.name }}
+          #key: release-windows-2022-x64-hip-${{ env.ROCM_VERSION }}-${{ matrix.name }}
+          key: cuda-windows-2022-x64-hip-${{ env.ROCM_VERSION }}-${{ matrix.name }}

      - name: Build
        id: cmake_build
        run: |
-          $env:HIP_PATH=$(Resolve-Path 'C:\Program Files\AMD\ROCm\*\bin\clang.exe' | split-path | split-path)
-          $env:CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="${env:HIP_PATH}"
          cmake -G "Unix Makefiles" -B build -S . `
-            -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER="${env:HIP_PATH}\bin\clang.exe" `
-            -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER="${env:HIP_PATH}\bin\clang++.exe" `
-            -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-I$($PWD.Path.Replace('\', '/'))/opt/rocm-7.2.1/include/" `
+            -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="${env:HIP_PATH}" `
+            -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER="${env:HIP_PATH}\lib\llvm\bin\clang.exe" `
+            -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER="${env:HIP_PATH}\lib\llvm\bin\clang++.exe" `
+            -DCMAKE_HIP_COMPILER="${env:HIP_PATH}\lib\llvm\bin\clang.exe" `
            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release `
            -DLLAMA_BUILD_BORINGSSL=ON `
-            -DROCM_DIR="${env:HIP_PATH}" `
+            -DHIP_PATH="${env:HIP_PATH}" `
            -DGGML_HIP=ON `
-            -DGGML_HIP_ROCWMMA_FATTN=ON `
-            -DGPU_TARGETS="gfx1100"  `
+            -DGPU_TARGETS="gfx1100" `
            -DGGML_RPC=ON
          cmake --build build -j ${env:NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS}

      - name: ccache-clear
        uses: ./.github/actions/ccache-clear
        with:
-          #key: release-windows-2022-x64-hip-${{ env.HIPSDK_INSTALLER_VERSION }}-${{ matrix.name }}
-          key: cuda-windows-2022-x64-hip-${{ env.HIPSDK_INSTALLER_VERSION }}-${{ matrix.name }}
+          #key: release-windows-2022-x64-hip-${{ env.ROCM_VERSION }}-${{ matrix.name }}
+          key: cuda-windows-2022-x64-hip-${{ env.ROCM_VERSION }}-${{ matrix.name }}
@@ -15,6 +15,12 @@ on:
      '**/*.cpp'
    ]

+  pull_request:
+    types: [opened, synchronize, reopened]
+    paths: [
+      '.github/workflows/build-sanitize.yml'
+    ]
+
 concurrency:
  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref && github.ref || github.run_id }}
  cancel-in-progress: true
@@ -28,19 +34,35 @@ env:

 jobs:
  ctest:
-    runs-on: [self-hosted, X64, CPU, Linux]
-
    continue-on-error: true

    strategy:
      matrix:
-        sanitizer: [ADDRESS, THREAD, UNDEFINED]
+        include:
+        - sanitizer: ADDRESS
+          machine: [self-hosted, X64, Linux]
+        # thread doesn't run properly on some self hosted machines, so run it on Github instead
+        - sanitizer: THREAD
+          machine: ubuntu-24.04
+        - sanitizer: UNDEFINED
+          machine: [self-hosted, X64, Linux]
+
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.machine }}

    steps:
      - name: Clone
        id: checkout
        uses: actions/checkout@v6

+      - name: ccache
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.21
+        if: ${{ matrix.sanitizer == 'THREAD' }}
+        with:
+          key: ctest-thread-ubuntu-24.04
+          variant: ccache
+          evict-old-files: 1d
+          save: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
      # with UNDEFINED sanitizer, we have to build in Debug to avoid GCC 13 false-positive warnings
      - name: Build (undefined)
        id: cmake_build_undefined
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+name: Convert PR to draft
+
+on:
+  pull_request_target:
+    types: [labeled]
+
+permissions:
+  pull-requests: write
+  issues: write
+  contents: write # required for "gh pr ready" command, see https://github.com/cli/cli/issues/8910
+
+jobs:
+  convert-to-draft:
+    if: github.event.label.name == 'draft' && github.event.pull_request.draft == false
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    steps:
+      - name: Convert PR to draft
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          PR_URL: ${{ github.event.pull_request.html_url }}
+        run: |
+          gh pr ready --undo "$PR_URL"
+          gh pr edit "$PR_URL" --remove-label draft
@@ -748,6 +748,135 @@ jobs:
          path: llama-bin-win-cpu-${{ matrix.arch }}.zip
          name: llama-bin-win-cpu-${{ matrix.arch }}.zip

+  windows-rocm:
+    needs: [check-release]
+    if: ${{ needs.check-release.outputs.should_release == 'true' }}
+
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - ROCM_VERSION: "7.14.0"
+            gpu_targets: "gfx1010;gfx1011;gfx1012;gfx1030;gfx1031;gfx1032;gfx1033;gfx1034;gfx1035;gfx1036;gfx1100;gfx1101;gfx1102;gfx1103;gfx1150;gfx1151;gfx1152;gfx1153;gfx1200;gfx1201"
+            build: x64
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Clone
+        id: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: ccache
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.21
+        with:
+          key: windows-rocm-${{ matrix.ROCM_VERSION }}-${{ matrix.build }}
+          evict-old-files: 1d
+
+      - name: Cache ROCm Installation
+        id: cache-rocm
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: C:\TheRock\build
+          key: rocm-wheels-${{ matrix.ROCM_VERSION }}-multi-arch-${{ runner.os }}
+
+      - name: Setup ROCm
+        if: steps.cache-rocm.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        uses: ./.github/actions/windows-setup-rocm
+        with:
+          version: ${{ matrix.ROCM_VERSION }}
+
+      - name: Setup ROCm Environment
+        run: |
+          $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
+
+          # Activate venv from cache or fresh install
+          & C:\TheRock\build\.venv\Scripts\Activate.ps1
+
+          # Expand the devel tree (idempotent; no-op if already done during install)
+          rocm-sdk init
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { throw "rocm-sdk init failed with exit code $LASTEXITCODE" }
+
+          # Get ROCm installation paths using the rocm-sdk CLI tool
+          $rocmPath = (rocm-sdk path --root)
+          if (-not $rocmPath) { throw "rocm-sdk path --root returned empty - devel package may not be installed" }
+          $rocmPath = $rocmPath.Trim()
+          $cmakePath = (rocm-sdk path --cmake).Trim()
+          $binPath = (rocm-sdk path --bin).Trim()
+          write-host "ROCm root: $rocmPath"
+          write-host "CMake path: $cmakePath"
+          write-host "Bin path: $binPath"
+
+          echo "HIP_PATH=$rocmPath" >> $env:GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=$cmakePath" >> $env:GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "HIP_DEVICE_LIB_PATH=$rocmPath\lib\llvm\amdgcn\bitcode" >> $env:GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "HIP_PLATFORM=amd" >> $env:GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "LLVM_PATH=$rocmPath\lib\llvm" >> $env:GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "$binPath" >> $env:GITHUB_PATH
+
+          # Keep venv in PATH for subsequent steps
+          echo "C:\TheRock\build\.venv\Scripts" >> $env:GITHUB_PATH
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          mkdir build
+          cd build
+          cmake .. `
+            -G "Unix Makefiles" `
+            -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="${env:HIP_PATH}" `
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release `
+            -DGGML_BACKEND_DL=ON `
+            -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF `
+            -DGGML_CPU=ON `
+            -DGGML_CPU_ALL_VARIANTS=ON `
+            -DGGML_HIP=ON `
+            -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER="${env:HIP_PATH}\lib\llvm\bin\clang.exe" `
+            -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER="${env:HIP_PATH}\lib\llvm\bin\clang++.exe" `
+            -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="-Wno-error=incompatible-pointer-types" `
+            -DCMAKE_HIP_COMPILER="${env:HIP_PATH}\lib\llvm\bin\clang.exe" `
+            -DHIP_PATH="${env:HIP_PATH}" `
+            -DGGML_HIP_ROCWMMA_FATTN=ON `
+            -DAMDGPU_TARGETS="${{ matrix.gpu_targets }}"
+          cmake --build . --config Release --parallel ${env:NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS}
+
+      - name: ccache-clear
+        uses: ./.github/actions/ccache-clear
+        with:
+          key: windows-rocm-${{ matrix.ROCM_VERSION }}-${{ matrix.build }}
+
+      - name: Verify HIP backend was built
+        run: |
+          $hipDll = Get-ChildItem -Path build\bin -Filter "ggml-hip*.dll" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if (-not $hipDll) {
+            Write-Host "##[error]ggml-hip*.dll was NOT produced. The HIP backend silently failed to build."
+            Write-Host "Contents of build\bin:"
+            Get-ChildItem build\bin | Format-Table -AutoSize
+            exit 1
+          }
+          Write-Host "HIP backend artifact found:"
+          $hipDll | Format-Table FullName, Length -AutoSize
+
+      - name: Determine tag name
+        id: tag
+        uses: ./.github/actions/get-tag-name
+
+      - name: Get ROCm short version
+        run: |
+          $rocmVersionShort = ('${{ matrix.ROCM_VERSION }}'.Split('.')[0..1] -join '.')
+          echo "ROCM_VERSION_SHORT=$rocmVersionShort" >> $env:GITHUB_ENV
+
+      - name: Pack artifacts
+        run: |
+          cp "LICENSE" "build\bin\"
+          7z a -snl llama-bin-win-rocm-${{ env.ROCM_VERSION_SHORT }}-${{ matrix.build }}.zip .\build\bin\*
+
+      - name: Upload artifacts
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        with:
+          path: llama-bin-win-rocm-${{ env.ROCM_VERSION_SHORT }}-${{ matrix.build }}.zip
+          name: llama-bin-win-rocm-${{ env.ROCM_VERSION_SHORT }}-${{ matrix.build }}.zip
+
  windows:
    needs: [check-release]
    if: ${{ needs.check-release.outputs.should_release == 'true' }}
@@ -848,6 +977,7 @@ jobs:
          name: llama-bin-win-${{ matrix.backend }}-${{ matrix.arch }}.zip

  windows-cuda:
+    name: windows-cuda (${{ matrix.cuda }}, ${{ matrix.arch }})
    needs: [check-release]
    if: ${{ needs.check-release.outputs.should_release == 'true' }}

@@ -858,7 +988,16 @@ jobs:

    strategy:
      matrix:
-        cuda: ['12.4', '13.3']
+        include:
+          - cuda: '12.4'
+            arch: x64
+            defines: '-DGGML_CUDA_CUB_3DOT2=ON'
+          - cuda: '13.3'
+            arch: x64
+            defines: ''
+          - cuda: '13.4'
+            arch: arm64
+            defines: '-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=cmake/arm64-windows-msvc-cuda.cmake'

    steps:
      - name: Clone
@@ -876,6 +1015,7 @@ jobs:
        uses: ./.github/actions/windows-setup-cuda
        with:
          cuda_version: ${{ matrix.cuda }}
+          cuda_arch: ${{ matrix.arch }}

      - name: Install Ninja
        id: install_ninja
@@ -885,54 +1025,62 @@ jobs:
      - name: ccache
        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.21
        with:
-          key: release-windows-2022-x64-cuda-${{ matrix.cuda }}
+          key: release-windows-2022-${{ matrix.arch }}-cuda-${{ matrix.cuda }}

      - name: Build
        id: cmake_build
        shell: cmd
        # TODO: Remove GGML_CUDA_CUB_3DOT2 flag once CCCL 3.2 is bundled within CTK and that CTK version is used in this project
        run: |
-          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" ${{ matrix.arch == 'x64' && 'x64' || 'amd64_arm64' }}
          cmake -S . -B build -G "Ninja Multi-Config" ^
            -DGGML_BACKEND_DL=ON ^
            -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF ^
            -DGGML_CPU=OFF ^
            -DGGML_CUDA=ON ^
-            -DLLAMA_BUILD_BORINGSSL=ON ^
-            -DGGML_CUDA_CUB_3DOT2=ON
+            -DLLAMA_BUILD_BORINGSSL=ON ${{ matrix.defines }}
          set /A NINJA_JOBS=%NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS%-1
          cmake --build build --config Release -j %NINJA_JOBS% --target ggml-cuda

      - name: ccache-clear
        uses: ./.github/actions/ccache-clear
        with:
-          key: release-windows-2022-x64-cuda-${{ matrix.cuda }}
+          key: release-windows-2022-${{ matrix.arch }}-cuda-${{ matrix.cuda }}

      - name: Pack artifacts
        id: pack_artifacts
        run: |
-          7z a -snl llama-bin-win-cuda-${{ matrix.cuda }}-x64.zip .\build\bin\Release\ggml-cuda.dll
+          7z a -snl llama-bin-win-cuda-${{ matrix.cuda }}-${{ matrix.arch }}.zip .\build\bin\Release\ggml-cuda.dll

      - name: Upload artifacts
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
        with:
-          path: llama-bin-win-cuda-${{ matrix.cuda }}-x64.zip
-          name: llama-bin-win-cuda-${{ matrix.cuda }}-x64.zip
+          path: llama-bin-win-cuda-${{ matrix.cuda }}-${{ matrix.arch }}.zip
+          name: llama-bin-win-cuda-${{ matrix.cuda }}-${{ matrix.arch }}.zip

-      - name: Copy and pack Cuda runtime
+      - name: Copy and pack Cuda runtime (x64)
+        if: ${{ matrix.arch == 'x64' }}
        run: |
          echo "Cuda install location: ${{ env.CUDA_PATH }}"
          $dst='.\build\bin\cudart\'
          robocopy "${{env.CUDA_PATH}}\bin" $dst cudart64_*.dll cublas64_*.dll cublasLt64_*.dll
          robocopy "${{env.CUDA_PATH}}\lib" $dst cudart64_*.dll cublas64_*.dll cublasLt64_*.dll
          robocopy "${{env.CUDA_PATH}}\bin\x64" $dst cudart64_*.dll cublas64_*.dll cublasLt64_*.dll
-          7z a cudart-llama-bin-win-cuda-${{ matrix.cuda }}-x64.zip $dst\*
+          7z a cudart-llama-bin-win-cuda-${{ matrix.cuda }}-${{ matrix.arch }}.zip $dst\*
+
+      - name: Copy and pack Cuda runtime (ARM64)
+        if: ${{ matrix.arch == 'arm64' }}
+        run: |
+          echo "Cuda install location: ${{ env.CUDA_PATH }}"
+          $dst='.\build\bin\cudart\'
+          robocopy "${{env.CUDA_PATH}}\bin\arm64" $dst cudart64_*.dll cublas64_*.dll cublasLt64_*.dll
+          7z a cudart-llama-bin-win-cuda-${{ matrix.cuda }}-${{ matrix.arch }}.zip $dst\*

      - name: Upload Cuda runtime
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
        with:
-          path: cudart-llama-bin-win-cuda-${{ matrix.cuda }}-x64.zip
-          name: cudart-llama-bin-win-cuda-${{ matrix.cuda }}-x64.zip
+          path: cudart-llama-bin-win-cuda-${{ matrix.cuda }}-${{ matrix.arch }}.zip
+          name: cudart-llama-bin-win-cuda-${{ matrix.cuda }}-${{ matrix.arch }}.zip

  windows-sycl:
    needs: [check-release]
@@ -1149,8 +1297,8 @@ jobs:
    strategy:
      matrix:
        include:
-          - ROCM_VERSION: "7.2.1"
-            gpu_targets: "gfx908;gfx90a;gfx942;gfx1030;gfx1100;gfx1101;gfx1102;gfx1151;gfx1150;gfx1200;gfx1201"
+          - ROCM_VERSION: "7.14.0"
+            gpu_targets: "gfx908;gfx90a;gfx942;gfx950;gfx1010;gfx1011;gfx1012;gfx1030;gfx1031;gfx1032;gfx1033;gfx1034;gfx1035;gfx1036;gfx1100;gfx1101;gfx1102;gfx1150;gfx1151;gfx1152;gfx1200;gfx1201"
            build: 'x64'

    steps:
@@ -1182,38 +1330,36 @@ jobs:
        run: |
          sudo apt install -y build-essential git cmake wget

-      - name: Setup Legacy ROCm
-        if: matrix.ROCM_VERSION == '7.2.1'
-        id: legacy_env
-        run: |
-          sudo mkdir --parents --mode=0755 /etc/apt/keyrings
-          wget https://repo.radeon.com/rocm/rocm.gpg.key -O - | \
-            gpg --dearmor | sudo tee /etc/apt/keyrings/rocm.gpg > /dev/null
-
-          sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/rocm.list << EOF
-          deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/rocm.gpg] https://repo.radeon.com/rocm/apt/${{ matrix.ROCM_VERSION }} jammy main
-          EOF
-
-          sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/rocm-pin-600 << EOF
-          Package: *
-          Pin: release o=repo.radeon.com
-          Pin-Priority: 600
-          EOF
-
-          sudo apt update
-          sudo apt-get install -y libssl-dev rocm-hip-sdk
-
-      - name: Setup TheRock
-        if: matrix.ROCM_VERSION != '7.2.1'
+      - name: Setup TheRock with Wheels
        id: therock_env
        run: |
-          wget https://repo.amd.com/rocm/tarball/therock-dist-linux-gfx1151-${{ matrix.ROCM_VERSION }}.tar.gz
-          mkdir install
-          tar -xf *.tar.gz -C install
-          export ROCM_PATH=$(pwd)/install
-          echo ROCM_PATH=$ROCM_PATH >> $GITHUB_ENV
-          echo PATH=$PATH:$ROCM_PATH/bin >> $GITHUB_ENV
-          echo LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ROCM_PATH/lib:$ROCM_PATH/llvm/lib:$ROCM_PATH/lib/rocprofiler-systems >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          # Create Python virtual environment
+          python3 -m venv .venv
+          source .venv/bin/activate
+
+          # Install ROCm wheels for build
+          # libraries = HIP runtime and CMake configs needed for linking
+          # devel = compilers, headers, static libs
+          python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+          python -m pip install --index-url https://repo.amd.com/rocm/whl-multi-arch/ "rocm[libraries,devel]==${{ matrix.ROCM_VERSION }}"
+
+          # Get ROCm installation paths using the rocm-sdk CLI tool
+          ROCM_PATH=$(rocm-sdk path --root)
+          CMAKE_PATH=$(rocm-sdk path --cmake)
+          BIN_PATH=$(rocm-sdk path --bin)
+          echo "ROCM_PATH=$ROCM_PATH"
+          echo "CMAKE_PATH=$CMAKE_PATH"
+          echo "BIN_PATH=$BIN_PATH"
+
+          # Set environment variables
+          echo "ROCM_PATH=$ROCM_PATH" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=$CMAKE_PATH" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "HIP_PATH=$ROCM_PATH" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "PATH=$BIN_PATH:${PATH}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ROCM_PATH/lib:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:-}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+          # Keep venv activated for subsequent steps
+          echo "$(pwd)/.venv/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH

      - name: Build with native CMake HIP support
        id: cmake_build
@@ -1229,7 +1375,6 @@ jobs:
            -DGPU_TARGETS="${{ matrix.gpu_targets }}" \
            -DGGML_HIP=ON \
            -DHIP_PLATFORM=amd \
-            -DGGML_HIP_ROCWMMA_FATTN=ON \
            -DHF_UI_VERSION=${{ needs.get-version.outputs.ui_version }} \
            ${{ env.CMAKE_ARGS }}
          cmake --build build --config Release -j $(nproc)
@@ -1258,130 +1403,6 @@ jobs:
          path: llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-ubuntu-rocm-${{ env.ROCM_VERSION_SHORT }}-${{ matrix.build }}.tar.gz
          name: llama-bin-ubuntu-rocm-${{ env.ROCM_VERSION_SHORT }}-${{ matrix.build }}.tar.gz

-  windows-hip:
-    needs: [check-release, get-version]
-    if: ${{ needs.check-release.outputs.should_release == 'true' }}
-
-    runs-on: windows-2022
-
-    permissions:
-      actions: write
-
-    env:
-      HIPSDK_INSTALLER_VERSION: "26.Q1"
-
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        include:
-          - name: "radeon"
-            gpu_targets: "gfx1150;gfx1151;gfx1200;gfx1201;gfx1100;gfx1101;gfx1102;gfx1030;gfx1031;gfx1032"
-
-    steps:
-      - name: Clone
-        id: checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
-
-      - name: Setup Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v6
-        with:
-          node-version: "24"
-          cache: "npm"
-          cache-dependency-path: "tools/ui/package-lock.json"
-
-      - name: Grab rocWMMA package
-        id: grab_rocwmma
-        run: |
-          curl -o rocwmma.deb "https://repo.radeon.com/rocm/apt/7.2.1/pool/main/r/rocwmma-dev/rocwmma-dev_2.2.0.70201-81~24.04_amd64.deb"
-          7z x rocwmma.deb
-          7z x data.tar
-
-      - name: Cache ROCm Installation
-        id: cache-rocm
-        uses: actions/cache@v5
-        with:
-          path: C:\Program Files\AMD\ROCm
-          key: cache-gha-rocm-${{ env.HIPSDK_INSTALLER_VERSION }}-${{ runner.os }}
-
-      - name: ccache
-        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.21
-        with:
-          key: release-windows-2022-x64-hip-${{ env.HIPSDK_INSTALLER_VERSION }}-${{ matrix.name }}
-
-      - name: Install ROCm
-        if: steps.cache-rocm.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        id: depends
-        run: |
-          $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
-          write-host "Downloading AMD HIP SDK Installer"
-          Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://download.amd.com/developer/eula/rocm-hub/AMD-Software-PRO-Edition-${{ env.HIPSDK_INSTALLER_VERSION }}-Win11-For-HIP.exe" -OutFile "${env:RUNNER_TEMP}\rocm-install.exe"
-          write-host "Installing AMD HIP SDK"
-          $proc = Start-Process "${env:RUNNER_TEMP}\rocm-install.exe" -ArgumentList '-install' -NoNewWindow -PassThru
-          $completed = $proc.WaitForExit(600000)
-          if (-not $completed) {
-              Write-Error "ROCm installation timed out after 10 minutes. Killing the process"
-              $proc.Kill()
-              exit 1
-          }
-          if ($proc.ExitCode -ne 0) {
-              Write-Error "ROCm installation failed with exit code $($proc.ExitCode)"
-              exit 1
-          }
-          write-host "Completed AMD HIP SDK installation"
-
-      - name: Verify ROCm
-        id: verify
-        run: |
-          # Find and test ROCm installation
-          $clangPath = Get-ChildItem 'C:\Program Files\AMD\ROCm\*\bin\clang.exe' | Select-Object -First 1
-          if (-not $clangPath) {
-            Write-Error "ROCm installation not found"
-            exit 1
-          }
-          & $clangPath.FullName --version
-
-      - name: Build
-        id: cmake_build
-        run: |
-          $env:HIP_PATH=$(Resolve-Path 'C:\Program Files\AMD\ROCm\*\bin\clang.exe' | split-path | split-path)
-          $env:CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="${env:HIP_PATH}"
-          cmake -G "Unix Makefiles" -B build -S . `
-            -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER="${env:HIP_PATH}\bin\clang.exe" `
-            -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER="${env:HIP_PATH}\bin\clang++.exe" `
-            -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-I$($PWD.Path.Replace('\', '/'))/opt/rocm-7.2.1/include/ -Wno-ignored-attributes -Wno-nested-anon-types" `
-            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release `
-            -DGGML_BACKEND_DL=ON `
-            -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF `
-            -DGGML_CPU=OFF `
-            -DGPU_TARGETS="${{ matrix.gpu_targets }}" `
-            -DGGML_HIP_ROCWMMA_FATTN=ON `
-            -DGGML_HIP=ON `
-            -DHF_UI_VERSION=${{ needs.get-version.outputs.ui_version }} `
-            -DLLAMA_BUILD_BORINGSSL=ON
-          cmake --build build --target ggml-hip -j ${env:NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS}
-          md "build\bin\rocblas\library\"
-          md "build\bin\hipblaslt\library"
-          cp "${env:HIP_PATH}\bin\libhipblas.dll" "build\bin\"
-          cp "${env:HIP_PATH}\bin\libhipblaslt.dll" "build\bin\"
-          cp "${env:HIP_PATH}\bin\rocblas.dll" "build\bin\"
-          cp "${env:HIP_PATH}\bin\rocblas\library\*" "build\bin\rocblas\library\"
-          cp "${env:HIP_PATH}\bin\hipblaslt\library\*" "build\bin\hipblaslt\library\"
-
-      - name: ccache-clear
-        uses: ./.github/actions/ccache-clear
-        with:
-          key: release-windows-2022-x64-hip-${{ env.HIPSDK_INSTALLER_VERSION }}-${{ matrix.name }}
-
-      - name: Pack artifacts
-        id: pack_artifacts
-        run: |
-          7z a -snl llama-bin-win-hip-${{ matrix.name }}-x64.zip .\build\bin\*
-
-      - name: Upload artifacts
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
-        with:
-          path: llama-bin-win-hip-${{ matrix.name }}-x64.zip
-          name: llama-bin-win-hip-${{ matrix.name }}-x64.zip
-
  ios-xcode:
    needs: [check-release, get-version]
    if: ${{ needs.check-release.outputs.should_release == 'true' }}
@@ -1555,7 +1576,7 @@ jobs:
      - windows-cpu
      - windows-cuda
      #- windows-sycl
-      - windows-hip
+      - windows-rocm
      - windows-openvino
      - ubuntu-22-rocm
      - ubuntu-cpu
@@ -1667,7 +1688,7 @@ jobs:
            - [Ubuntu s390x (CPU)](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/releases/download/${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}/llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-ubuntu-s390x.tar.gz)
            - [Ubuntu x64 (Vulkan)](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/releases/download/${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}/llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-ubuntu-vulkan-x64.tar.gz)
            - [Ubuntu arm64 (Vulkan)](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/releases/download/${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}/llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-ubuntu-vulkan-arm64.tar.gz)
-            - [Ubuntu x64 (ROCm 7.2)](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/releases/download/${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}/llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-ubuntu-rocm-7.2-x64.tar.gz)
+            - [Ubuntu x64 (ROCm 7.14)](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/releases/download/${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}/llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-ubuntu-rocm-7.14-x64.tar.gz)
            - [Ubuntu x64 (OpenVINO)](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/releases/download/${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}/llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-ubuntu-openvino-${{ needs.ubuntu-24-openvino.outputs.openvino_version }}-x64.tar.gz)
            - [Ubuntu x64 (SYCL FP32)](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/releases/download/${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}/llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-ubuntu-sycl-fp32-x64.tar.gz)
            - [Ubuntu x64 (SYCL FP16)](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/releases/download/${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}/llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-ubuntu-sycl-fp16-x64.tar.gz)
@@ -1681,10 +1702,11 @@ jobs:
            - [Windows arm64 (OpenCL Adreno)](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/releases/download/${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}/llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-win-opencl-adreno-arm64.zip)
            - [Windows x64 (CUDA 12)](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/releases/download/${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}/llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-win-cuda-12.4-x64.zip) - [CUDA 12.4 DLLs](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/releases/download/${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}/cudart-llama-bin-win-cuda-12.4-x64.zip)
            - [Windows x64 (CUDA 13)](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/releases/download/${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}/llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-win-cuda-13.3-x64.zip) - [CUDA 13.3 DLLs](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/releases/download/${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}/cudart-llama-bin-win-cuda-13.3-x64.zip)
+            - [Windows arm64 (CUDA 13) (preview)](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/releases/download/${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}/llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-win-cuda-13.4-arm64.zip) - [CUDA 13.4 DLLs](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/releases/download/${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}/cudart-llama-bin-win-cuda-13.4-arm64.zip)
            - [Windows x64 (Vulkan)](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/releases/download/${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}/llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-win-vulkan-x64.zip)
            - [Windows x64 (OpenVINO)](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/releases/download/${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}/llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-win-openvino-${{ needs.windows-openvino.outputs.openvino_version }}-x64.zip)
            - [Windows x64 (SYCL)](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/releases/download/${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}/llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-win-sycl-x64.zip)
-            - [Windows x64 (HIP)](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/releases/download/${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}/llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-win-hip-radeon-x64.zip)
+            - [Windows x64 (ROCm 7.14)](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/releases/download/${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}/llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-win-rocm-7.14-x64.zip)

            **openEuler:**
            - [DISABLED](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/23705)
@@ -25,6 +25,12 @@ on:
      'tools/server/**.*'
    ]

+  pull_request:
+    types: [opened, synchronize, reopened]
+    paths: [
+      '.github/workflows/server-sanitize.yml'
+    ]
+
 env:
  LLAMA_ARG_LOG_COLORS: 1
  LLAMA_ARG_LOG_PREFIX: 1
@@ -90,23 +96,27 @@ jobs:

      - name: Python setup
        id: setup_python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v6
-        with:
-          python-version: '3.11'
-          pip-install: -r tools/server/tests/requirements.txt
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v7
+
+      - name: Install Python dependencies
+        run: |
+          python3 -m venv .venv
+          .venv/bin/pip install -r tools/server/tests/requirements.txt

      - name: Tests
        id: server_integration_tests
        if: ${{ (!matrix.disabled_on_pr || !github.event.pull_request) }}
        run: |
+          source .venv/bin/activate
          cd tools/server/tests
          export ${{ matrix.extra_args }}
-          pytest -v -x -m "not slow"
+          ./tests.sh

      - name: Slow tests
        id: server_integration_tests_slow
        if: ${{ (github.event.schedule || github.event.inputs.slow_tests == 'true') && matrix.build_type == 'Release' }}
        run: |
+          source .venv/bin/activate
          cd tools/server/tests
          export ${{ matrix.extra_args }}
-          SLOW_TESTS=1 pytest -v -x
+          SLOW_TESTS=1 ./tests.sh
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ jobs:
        run: |
          cd tools/server/tests
          source venv/bin/activate
-          pytest -v -x -m "not slow"
+          ./tests.sh

      - name: Tests (GPUx1, backend-sampling)
        id: server_integration_tests_backend_sampling
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ jobs:
          cd tools/server/tests
          source venv/bin/activate
          export LLAMA_ARG_BACKEND_SAMPLING=1
-          pytest -v -x -m "not slow"
+          ./tests.sh

      - name: Tests (GPUx2)
        id: server_integration_tests_gpu2
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ jobs:
          cd tools/server/tests
          source venv/bin/activate
          export GGML_METAL_DEVICES=2
-          pytest -v -x -m "not slow"
+          ./tests.sh

      - name: Tests (GPUx2, backend-sampling)
        id: server_integration_tests_gpu2_backend_sampling
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ jobs:
          cd tools/server/tests
          source venv/bin/activate
          export GGML_METAL_DEVICES=2 LLAMA_ARG_BACKEND_SAMPLING=1
-          pytest -v -x -m "not slow"
+          ./tests.sh

  server-cuda:
    runs-on: [self-hosted, llama-server, Linux, NVIDIA]
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ jobs:
        run: |
          cd tools/server/tests
          source venv/bin/activate
-          pytest -v -x -m "not slow"
+          ./tests.sh

      - name: Tests (GPUx1, backend-sampling)
        id: server_integration_tests_backend_sampling
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ jobs:
          cd tools/server/tests
          source venv/bin/activate
          export LLAMA_ARG_BACKEND_SAMPLING=1
-          pytest -v -x -m "not slow"
+          ./tests.sh

      - name: Tests (GPUx2)
        id: server_integration_tests_gpu2
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ jobs:
          cd tools/server/tests
          source venv/bin/activate
          export GGML_CUDA_DEVICES=2
-          pytest -v -x -m "not slow"
+          ./tests.sh

      - name: Tests (GPUx2, backend-sampling)
        id: server_integration_tests_gpu2_backend_sampling
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ jobs:
          cd tools/server/tests
          source venv/bin/activate
          export GGML_CUDA_DEVICES=2 LLAMA_ARG_BACKEND_SAMPLING=1
-          pytest -v -x -m "not slow"
+          ./tests.sh

  server-kleidiai:
    runs-on: ah-ubuntu_22_04-c8g_8x
@@ -219,4 +219,4 @@ jobs:
        run: |
          cd tools/server/tests
          source venv/bin/activate
-          pytest -v -x -m "not slow"
+          ./tests.sh
@@ -104,21 +104,21 @@ jobs:
        id: server_integration_tests
        run: |
          cd tools/server/tests
-          pytest -v -x -m "not slow"
+          ./tests.sh

      - name: Slow tests
        id: server_integration_tests_slow
        if: ${{ github.event.schedule || github.event.inputs.slow_tests == 'true' }}
        run: |
          cd tools/server/tests
-          SLOW_TESTS=1 pytest -v -x
+          SLOW_TESTS=1 ./tests.sh

      - name: Tests (Backend sampling)
        id: server_integration_tests_backend_sampling
        run: |
          cd tools/server/tests
          export LLAMA_ARG_BACKEND_SAMPLING=1
-          pytest -v -x -m "not slow"
+          ./tests.sh

      - name: Slow tests (Backend sampling)
        id: server_integration_tests_slow_backend_sampling
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ jobs:
        run: |
          cd tools/server/tests
          export LLAMA_ARG_BACKEND_SAMPLING=1
-          SLOW_TESTS=1 pytest -v -x
+          SLOW_TESTS=1 ./tests.sh

  windows:
    runs-on: windows-2025
@@ -167,15 +167,17 @@ jobs:

      - name: Tests
        id: server_integration_tests
+        shell: bash
        run: |
          cd tools/server/tests
-          $env:PYTHONIOENCODING = ":replace"
-          pytest -v -x -m "not slow"
+          export PYTHONIOENCODING=":replace"
+          ./tests.sh

      - name: Slow tests
        id: server_integration_tests_slow
        if: ${{ github.event.schedule || github.event.inputs.slow_tests == 'true' }}
+        shell: bash
        run: |
          cd tools/server/tests
-          $env:SLOW_TESTS = "1"
-          pytest -v -x
+          export SLOW_TESTS="1"
+          ./tests.sh
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 [![Docker](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/actions/workflows/docker.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/actions/workflows/docker.yml)
 [![Winget](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/actions/workflows/winget.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/actions/workflows/winget.yml)

-[manifesto](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/discussions/205) / [ggml](https://github.com/ggml-org/ggml) / [ops](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/blob/master/docs/ops.md) / [maintainer PRs](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/issues?q=is%3Apr%20is%3Aopen%20draft%3AFalse%20(author%3Argerganov%20OR%20author%3AKitaitiMakoto%20OR%20author%3Adanbev%20OR%20author%3Aaldehir%20OR%20author%3Amax-krasnyansky%20OR%20author%3ACISC%20OR%20author%3Aggerganov%20OR%20author%3Aam17an%20OR%20author%3Abartowski1182%20OR%20author%3Ahipudding%20OR%20author%3AServeurpersoCom%20OR%20author%3Apwilkin%20OR%20author%3Areeselevine%20OR%20author%3Angxson%20OR%20author%3Ajeffbolznv%20OR%20author%3A0cc4m%20OR%20author%3Aangt%20OR%20author%3AIMbackK%20OR%20author%3Aarthw%20OR%20author%3AJohannesGaessler%20OR%20author%3AORippler%20OR%20author%3Aruixiang63%20OR%20author%3Axctan%20OR%20author%3Aallozaur%20OR%20author%3Ayomaytk%20OR%20author%3Aaendk%20OR%20author%3Agaugarg-nv%20OR%20author%3Ataronaeo%20OR%20author%3Aforforever73%20OR%20author%3Alhez%20OR%20author%3Anetrunnereve%20OR%20author%3Afairydreaming)%20sort%3Aupdated-desc) / [dev branches](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp-dev/blob/master/README-features.md) / [compile times](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp-dev/blob/master/README-compile-times.md) / [lib llama API](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/issues/9289) / [llama-server REST API](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/issues/9291)
+[manifesto](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/discussions/205) / [ggml](https://github.com/ggml-org/ggml) / [ops](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/blob/master/docs/ops.md) / [maintainer PRs](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/issues?q=is%3Apr%20is%3Aopen%20draft%3AFalse%20(author%3Argerganov%20OR%20author%3AKitaitiMakoto%20OR%20author%3Adanbev%20OR%20author%3Aaldehir%20OR%20author%3Amax-krasnyansky%20OR%20author%3ACISC%20OR%20author%3Aggerganov%20OR%20author%3Aam17an%20OR%20author%3Abartowski1182%20OR%20author%3Ahipudding%20OR%20author%3AServeurpersoCom%20OR%20author%3Apwilkin%20OR%20author%3Areeselevine%20OR%20author%3Angxson%20OR%20author%3Ajeffbolznv%20OR%20author%3A0cc4m%20OR%20author%3Aangt%20OR%20author%3AIMbackK%20OR%20author%3Aarthw%20OR%20author%3AJohannesGaessler%20OR%20author%3AORippler%20OR%20author%3Aruixiang63%20OR%20author%3Axctan%20OR%20author%3Aallozaur%20OR%20author%3Ayomaytk%20OR%20author%3Aaendk%20OR%20author%3Agaugarg-nv%20OR%20author%3Ataronaeo%20OR%20author%3Aforforever73%20OR%20author%3Alhez%20OR%20author%3Anetrunnereve%20OR%20author%3Afairydreaming)%20sort%3Aupdated-desc) / [compile times](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp-dev/blob/master/README-compile-times.md) / [lib llama API](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/issues/9289) / [llama-server REST API](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/issues/9291)

 </div>

@@ -49,6 +49,14 @@ mkdir -p "$2"
 OUT=$(realpath "$1")
 MNT=$(realpath "$2")

+# gpu-rocm self-hosted runner can't upload logs to blob; keep each run's logs in
+# their own dir keyed by the GitHub run id so an Actions run URL maps to its logs.
+if [ -n "${GG_BUILD_ROCM}" ] && [ -n "${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" ]; then
+    OUT="$OUT/run-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}-${GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT:-1}"
+    mkdir -p "$OUT"
+    echo "ci results dir: $OUT"
+fi
+
 rm -f $OUT/*.log
 rm -f $OUT/*.exit
 rm -f $OUT/*.md
@@ -92,7 +100,7 @@ if [ ! -z ${GG_BUILD_CUDA} ]; then
 fi

 if [ ! -z ${GG_BUILD_ROCM} ]; then
-    CMAKE_EXTRA="${CMAKE_EXTRA} -DCMAKE_HIP_COMPILER=$(hipconfig -l)/clang -DGGML_HIP=ON -DGGML_HIP_ROCWMMA_FATTN=ON"
+    CMAKE_EXTRA="${CMAKE_EXTRA} -DCMAKE_HIP_COMPILER=$(hipconfig -l)/clang -DGGML_HIP=ON"
    if [ -z ${GG_BUILD_AMDGPU_TARGETS} ]; then
        echo "Missing GG_BUILD_AMDGPU_TARGETS, please set it to your GPU architecture (e.g. gfx90a, gfx1100, etc.)"
        exit 1
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Used to cross-compile ggml-cuda for Windows ARM64 on an x64 Windows host.
+set( CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Windows )
+set( CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR arm64 )
+
+if ( DEFINED CUDAToolkit_ROOT )
+    file( TO_CMAKE_PATH "${CUDAToolkit_ROOT}" CUDA_ROOT )
+elseif ( DEFINED ENV{CUDA_PATH} )
+    file( TO_CMAKE_PATH "$ENV{CUDA_PATH}" CUDA_ROOT )
+else()
+    message( FATAL_ERROR "Set CUDAToolkit_ROOT or CUDA_PATH to a Windows CUDA Toolkit with ARM64 target libraries" )
+endif()
+
+if ( DEFINED ENV{VCToolsInstallDir} )
+    file( TO_CMAKE_PATH "$ENV{VCToolsInstallDir}" MSVC_TOOLS_ROOT )
+    set( CMAKE_CUDA_HOST_COMPILER "${MSVC_TOOLS_ROOT}/bin/Hostx64/arm64/cl.exe" CACHE FILEPATH "" )
+endif()
+
+set( CMAKE_CUDA_COMPILER "${CUDA_ROOT}/bin/nvcc.exe" CACHE FILEPATH "" )
+set( CMAKE_CUDA_FLAGS_INIT "-target-dir=arm64" )
+
+# FindCUDAToolkit selects lib/x64 from the host architecture on Windows.
+set( CUDA_CUDART              "${CUDA_ROOT}/lib/arm64/cudart.lib"   CACHE FILEPATH "" )
+set( CUDA_cudart_LIBRARY      "${CUDA_ROOT}/lib/arm64/cudart.lib"   CACHE FILEPATH "" )
+set( CUDA_cublas_LIBRARY      "${CUDA_ROOT}/lib/arm64/cublas.lib"   CACHE FILEPATH "" )
+set( CUDA_cublasLt_LIBRARY    "${CUDA_ROOT}/lib/arm64/cublasLt.lib" CACHE FILEPATH "" )
+set( CUDA_cuda_driver_LIBRARY "${CUDA_ROOT}/lib/arm64/cuda.lib"     CACHE FILEPATH "" )
@@ -2605,14 +2605,16 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
    ).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_DIO"));
    add_opt(common_arg(
        {"-lm", "--load-mode"}, "MODE",
-        "model loading mode (default: mmap)\n"
+        "model loading mode (default: auto)\n"
+        "- auto: mmap, unless a device does not support it\n"
        "- none: no special loading mode\n"
        "- mmap: memory-map model (if mmap disabled, slower load but may reduce pageouts if not using mlock)\n"
        "- mlock: force system to keep model in RAM rather than swapping or compressing\n"
        "- mmap+mlock: mmap + force system to keep model in RAM rather than swapping or compressing\n"
        "- dio: use DirectIO if available\n",
        [](common_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            /**/ if (value == "none")       { params.load_mode = LLAMA_LOAD_MODE_NONE;       }
+            /**/ if (value == "auto")       { params.load_mode = LLAMA_LOAD_MODE_AUTO;       }
+            else if (value == "none")       { params.load_mode = LLAMA_LOAD_MODE_NONE;       }
            else if (value == "mmap")       { params.load_mode = LLAMA_LOAD_MODE_MMAP;       }
            else if (value == "mlock")      { params.load_mode = LLAMA_LOAD_MODE_MLOCK;      }
            else if (value == "mmap+mlock") { params.load_mode = LLAMA_LOAD_MODE_MMAP_MLOCK; }
@@ -3312,8 +3314,9 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
        {"--tools-runtime"}, "OPTION",
        "experimental: run tools in a separate runtime environment (default: none, use host environment)\n"
        "available options:\n"
-        "  'docker:<image>': spin up a new Docker container and reuse it for all invocations, clean up on server exit\n"
-        "  'docker-container:<id>': use an existing Docker container by ID, won't stop on server exit\n",
+        "  'docker:<image>', 'podman:<image>': spin up a new container and reuse it for all invocations, clean up on server exit\n"
+        "  'docker-container:<id>', 'podman-container:<id>': use an existing container by ID, won't stop on server exit\n"
+        "  'ssh:<target>': run tools on a remote POSIX host over SSH, key-based auth and a trusted host key are required\n",
        [](common_params & params, const std::string & value) {
            params.server_tools_runtime = value;
        }
@@ -1166,6 +1166,16 @@ static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_qwen3_coder(const common_chat_
        data.prompt += data.generation_prompt;
    }

+    std::vector<std::string> tool_call_starts = { "<tool_call>" };
+
+    // Match complete <function=name> opener for Qwen3-Coder models that occasionally omit the
+    // starting <tool_call>. The model may hallucinate a tool name, but it is preferable over
+    // constraining on <function which may occur in valid content generation, e.g. #include <functional>
+    foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
+        const std::string name = tool.at("function").at("name");
+        tool_call_starts.push_back("<function=" + name + ">");
+    });
+
    auto parser = build_chat_peg_parser([&](common_chat_peg_builder & p) {
        auto generation_prompt = p.literal(GEN_PREFIX);

@@ -1238,7 +1248,7 @@ static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_qwen3_coder(const common_chat_
            auto tool_calls = p.trigger_rule("tool-call-root", p.repeat(calls, min_calls, 1));

            return generation_prompt +
-                   (reasoning << p.content(p.until_one_of({ "<tool_call>", "<function=" })) << tool_calls);
+                   (reasoning << p.content(p.until_one_of(tool_call_starts)) << tool_calls);
        }

        // Content only parser
@@ -1264,12 +1274,9 @@ static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_qwen3_coder(const common_chat_
        });

        if (data.grammar_lazy) {
-            data.grammar_triggers = {
-                { COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_WORD, "<tool_call>" },
-                // Trigger on "<function" and not "<function=" because the trailing "=" is part of
-                // the token with the function name e.g. "=read"
-                { COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_WORD, "<function"   },
-            };
+            for (const auto & start : tool_call_starts) {
+                data.grammar_triggers.push_back({ COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_WORD, start });
+            }
        }
    }

@@ -3086,6 +3093,153 @@ static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_minicpm5(const common_chat_tem
    return data;
 }

+// An assistant turn is rendered as one or more messages, each
+// "<|start|>assistant to=<recipient><|message|>{content}{END}" where END is
+// <|eom|> (more messages follow) or <|eot|> (end of turn):
+//   - chain-of-thought: to=self, terminated by <|eom|>
+//   - final answer:     to=user, terminated by <|eot|>
+// The generation prompt is just "<|start|>assistant"; the model emits its own
+// " to=...<|message|>".
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_muse_glimmer(const common_chat_template &          tmpl,
+                                                               const autoparser::generation_params & inputs) {
+    common_chat_params data;
+
+    data.prompt            = common_chat_template_direct_apply_impl(tmpl, inputs);
+    data.generation_prompt = "<|start|>assistant";
+    data.format            = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_PEG_NATIVE;
+    data.supports_thinking = true;
+
+    data.preserved_tokens = {
+        "<|start|>", "<|message|>", "<|eom|>", "<|eot|>",
+        // ATEM tool-call markup emitted on " to=<tool>" turns.
+        "<atem:function_calls>", "<atem:invoke", "<atem:parameter", "</atem:parameter>",
+        "</atem:invoke>", "</atem:function_calls>",
+    };
+
+    data.message_delimiters = {
+        { COMMON_CHAT_ROLE_ASSISTANT, "<|start|>assistant" },
+        { COMMON_CHAT_ROLE_USER,      "<|start|>user"      },
+        { COMMON_CHAT_ROLE_SYSTEM,    "<|start|>system"    },
+        { COMMON_CHAT_ROLE_TOOL,      "<|start|>tool"      },
+    };
+
+    if (inputs.has_continuation()) {
+        const auto & msg = inputs.continue_msg;
+
+        data.generation_prompt = "<|start|>assistant to=self<|message|>" + msg.reasoning_content;
+        if (inputs.continue_final_message == COMMON_CHAT_CONTINUATION_CONTENT) {
+            data.generation_prompt += "<|eom|><|start|>assistant to=user<|message|>" + msg.render_content();
+        }
+
+        data.prompt += data.generation_prompt;
+    }
+
+    auto extract_reasoning = inputs.reasoning_format != COMMON_REASONING_FORMAT_NONE;
+
+    auto has_tools = inputs.tools.is_array() && !inputs.tools.empty();
+    // Constrained grammar whenever tools are offered.
+    auto include_grammar = has_tools && inputs.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_NONE;
+
+    auto parser = build_chat_peg_parser([&](common_chat_peg_builder & p) {
+        auto start = p.rule("start", p.literal("<|start|>assistant"));
+
+        if (!extract_reasoning && !include_grammar) {
+            return start + p.content(p.rest());
+        }
+
+        if (extract_reasoning) {
+            p.rule("analysis", p.literal(" to=self<|message|>") + p.reasoning(p.until("<|eom|>")) + p.literal("<|eom|>"));
+        } else {
+            p.rule("analysis", p.literal(" to=self<|message|>") + p.content(p.until("<|eom|>")) + p.literal("<|eom|>"));
+        }
+        auto analysis = p.ref("analysis");
+
+        auto recipient  = p.optional(p.literal(" to=user"));
+        auto final_msg  = p.rule("final", recipient + p.literal("<|message|>") +
+                                              p.content(p.until_one_of({ "<|eot|>", "<|eom|>" })));
+
+        if (has_tools && inputs.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_NONE) {
+            auto string_value = p.ac(
+                p.tool_arg_string_value(p.until("</atem:parameter>")) + p.tool_arg_close(p.literal("</atem:parameter>")),
+                "</atem:parameter>");
+
+            auto tool_choice = p.choice();
+            foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
+                const auto &      function = tool.at("function");
+                const std::string name     = function.at("name");
+                auto              params   = function.contains("parameters") ? function.at("parameters") : json::object();
+
+                auto args = p.eps();
+                if (params.contains("properties") && params.at("properties").is_object() && !params.at("properties").empty()) {
+                    auto schema_info = common_schema_info();
+                    schema_info.resolve_refs(params);
+
+                    auto arg_choice = p.choice();
+                    for (const auto & [prop_name, prop_schema] : params.at("properties").items()) {
+                        auto value_parser = p.eps();
+                        if (schema_info.resolves_to_string(prop_schema)) {
+                            value_parser = string_value;
+                        } else {
+                            value_parser = p.tool_arg_json_value(
+                                    p.schema(p.json(), "tool-" + name + "-arg-" + prop_name + "-schema", prop_schema, false))
+                                + p.tool_arg_close(p.literal("</atem:parameter>"));
+                        }
+
+                        auto arg_rule = p.tool_arg(
+                            p.tool_arg_open(p.literal("<atem:parameter name=\"") + p.tool_arg_name(p.literal(prop_name)) + p.literal("\">")) +
+                            value_parser);
+
+                        arg_choice |= arg_rule;
+                    }
+                    args = p.zero_or_more(arg_choice + p.space());
+                }
+
+                auto tool_parser = p.tool(
+                    p.tool_open(p.literal(" to=") + p.until("<|message|>") +
+                                p.literal("<|message|><atem:function_calls>") + p.space() +
+                                p.literal("<atem:invoke name=\"") + p.tool_name(p.literal(name)) + p.literal("\">") + p.space())
+                    << p.tool_args(args)
+                    << p.tool_close(p.literal("</atem:invoke>") + p.space() + p.literal("</atem:function_calls>")));
+
+                tool_choice |= p.rule("tool-" + name, tool_parser);
+            });
+
+            auto tool_calls = inputs.parallel_tool_calls
+                ? p.trigger_rule("tool-call", tool_choice + p.zero_or_more(p.literal("<|eom|>") + start + tool_choice))
+                : p.trigger_rule("tool-call", tool_choice);
+
+
+            if (inputs.tool_choice == COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED) {
+                return p.zero_or_more(start + analysis) + start + tool_calls;
+            }
+            auto trailing_calls = p.optional(p.literal("<|eom|>") + start + tool_calls);
+            return p.zero_or_more(start + analysis) + start + (tool_calls | (final_msg + trailing_calls));
+        }
+
+        return p.zero_or_more(start + analysis) + start + final_msg;
+    });
+
+    data.parser = parser.save();
+
+    if (include_grammar) {
+        data.grammar_lazy = inputs.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED;
+        data.grammar      = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
+            foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
+                const auto & function = tool.at("function");
+                auto         schema   = function.contains("parameters") ? function.at("parameters") : json::object();
+                builder.resolve_refs(schema);
+            });
+            parser.build_grammar(builder, data.grammar_lazy);
+        });
+        data.grammar_triggers = {
+            { COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_PATTERN,
+              "<\\|start\\|>assistant( to=(?!self<\\|message\\|>)(?!user<\\|message\\|>)[^<]*?<\\|message\\|>)" },
+        };
+    }
+
+    return data;
+}
+
 static json common_chat_extra_context() {
    json ctx = json::object();
    std::chrono::system_clock::time_point now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
@@ -3114,6 +3268,12 @@ std::optional<common_chat_params> common_chat_try_specialized_template(
        return common_chat_params_init_gpt_oss(tmpl, params);
    }

+    // Muse Glimmer format using " to=<recipient>" recipients and <|eom|>/<|eot|> message terminators.
+    if (src.find("<atem:function_calls>") != std::string::npos && src.find("<|eom|>") != std::string::npos) {
+        LOG_DBG("Using specialized template: Muse Glimmer\n");
+        return common_chat_params_init_muse_glimmer(tmpl, params);
+    }
+
    // Functionary v3.2 - uses recipient-based format with >>>recipient\n{content}
    // Detection: template has ">>>all" for content and ">>>" prefix for tool calls
    if (src.find(">>>all") != std::string::npos && src.find(">>>${recipient}") != std::string::npos) {
@@ -1639,6 +1639,7 @@ struct llama_context_params common_context_params_to_llama(const common_params &
    cparams.n_seq_max         = params.n_parallel;
    cparams.n_rs_seq          = params.speculative.need_n_rs_seq();
    cparams.n_outputs_max     = std::max(params.n_outputs_max, 0);
+    cparams.n_outputs_max_per_seq = std::max(params.n_outputs_max_per_seq, 0);
    cparams.n_batch           = params.n_batch;
    cparams.n_ubatch          = params.n_ubatch;
    cparams.n_threads         = params.cpuparams.n_threads;
@@ -447,6 +447,7 @@ struct common_params {
    int32_t n_parallel            =     1; // number of parallel sequences to decode
    int32_t n_sequences           =     1; // number of sequences to decode
    int32_t n_outputs_max         =     0; // max outputs in a batch (0 = n_batch)
+    int32_t n_outputs_max_per_seq =     1; // max outputs per sequence
    int32_t grp_attn_n            =     1; // group-attention factor
    int32_t grp_attn_w            =   512; // group-attention width
    int32_t n_print               =    -1; // print token count every n tokens (-1 = disabled)
@@ -472,7 +473,7 @@ struct common_params {
    std::vector<size_t> fit_params_target = std::vector<size_t>(llama_max_devices(), 1024 * 1024*1024);

    enum llama_split_mode split_mode = LLAMA_SPLIT_MODE_LAYER; // how to split the model across GPUs
-    enum llama_load_mode  load_mode  = LLAMA_LOAD_MODE_MMAP; // how to load the model
+    enum llama_load_mode  load_mode  = LLAMA_LOAD_MODE_AUTO; // how to load the model

    common_cpu_params cpuparams;
    common_cpu_params cpuparams_batch;
@@ -116,6 +116,8 @@ static llama_sampler_i llama_sampler_llg_i = {
    /* .backend_accept    = */ NULL,
    /* .backend_apply     = */ NULL,
    /* .backend_set_input = */ NULL,
+    /* .backend_reset     = */ NULL,
+    /* .copy_state        = */ NULL,
 };

 static size_t llama_sampler_llg_tokenize_fn(const void * user_data, const uint8_t * bytes, size_t bytes_len,
@@ -570,23 +570,34 @@ struct parser_executor {
    }

    static common_peg_parse_result handle_escape_sequence(common_peg_parse_context & ctx, size_t start, size_t & pos, const char delimiter) {
+        auto save = pos;
+
        ++pos; // consume '\'
        if (pos >= ctx.input.size()) {
            if (!ctx.is_lenient()) {
                return common_peg_parse_result(COMMON_PEG_PARSE_RESULT_FAIL, start);
            }
+            pos = save; // suppress unmatched '\'
            return common_peg_parse_result(COMMON_PEG_PARSE_RESULT_NEED_MORE_INPUT, start, pos);
        }

        char c = ctx.input[pos];
+
        if (c == delimiter || c == '\\' || c == '/' || c == 'b' || c == 'f' || c == 'n' || c == 'r' || c == 't') {
            ++pos;
            return common_peg_parse_result(COMMON_PEG_PARSE_RESULT_SUCCESS, start, pos);
-        } else if (c == 'u') {
-            return handle_unicode_escape(ctx, start, pos);
-        } else {
-            return common_peg_parse_result(COMMON_PEG_PARSE_RESULT_FAIL, start);
        }
+
+        if (c == 'u') {
+            auto result = handle_unicode_escape(ctx, start, pos);
+            if (result.need_more_input()) {
+                pos = save; // suppress incomplete sequence
+                return common_peg_parse_result(COMMON_PEG_PARSE_RESULT_NEED_MORE_INPUT, start, pos);
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        return common_peg_parse_result(COMMON_PEG_PARSE_RESULT_FAIL, start);
    }

    static common_peg_parse_result handle_unicode_escape(common_peg_parse_context & ctx, size_t start, size_t & pos) {
@@ -217,6 +217,8 @@ static struct llama_sampler_i common_reasoning_budget_i = {
    /* .backend_accept    = */ nullptr,
    /* .backend_apply     = */ nullptr,
    /* .backend_set_input = */ nullptr,
+    /* .backend_reset     = */ nullptr,
+    /* .copy_state        = */ nullptr,
 };

 static struct llama_sampler * common_reasoning_budget_clone(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
@@ -518,6 +518,26 @@ struct common_sampler * common_sampler_clone(common_sampler * gsmpl) {
    };
 }

+void common_sampler_copy(const common_sampler * src, common_sampler * dst) {
+    if (!src || !dst || src == dst) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    GGML_ASSERT((src->grmr == nullptr) == (dst->grmr == nullptr));
+    GGML_ASSERT((src->rbudget == nullptr) == (dst->rbudget == nullptr));
+
+    llama_sampler_copy(src->grmr,    dst->grmr);
+    llama_sampler_copy(src->rbudget, dst->rbudget);
+    llama_sampler_copy(src->chain,   dst->chain);
+
+    dst->params     = src->params;
+    dst->prev       = src->prev;
+    dst->cur        = src->cur;
+    dst->cur_p      = src->cur_p;
+    dst->cur_p.data = src->cur_p.data ? dst->cur.data() : nullptr; // re-point to dst's buffer
+    dst->t_total_us = src->t_total_us;
+}
+
 void common_perf_print(const struct llama_context * ctx, const struct common_sampler * gsmpl) {
    // TODO: measure grammar performance

@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ void common_sampler_free(struct common_sampler * gsmpl);
 void                    common_sampler_accept(struct common_sampler * gsmpl, llama_token token, bool is_generated);
 void                    common_sampler_reset (struct common_sampler * gsmpl);
 struct common_sampler * common_sampler_clone (struct common_sampler * gsmpl);
+void                    common_sampler_copy  (const struct common_sampler * src, struct common_sampler * dst);

 // arguments can be nullptr to skip printing
 void common_perf_print(const struct llama_context * ctx, const struct common_sampler * gsmpl);
@@ -171,12 +171,6 @@ struct common_speculative_impl {
    // (optional) serialize/restore per-seq internal state (e.g. eagle3's deferred boundary).
    virtual bool get_state(llama_seq_id /*seq_id*/, std::vector<uint8_t> & /*data*/) const { return false; }
    virtual void set_state(llama_seq_id /*seq_id*/, const std::vector<uint8_t> & /*data*/) {}
-
-    // true if this implementation requires the target context to extract post-norm embeddings
-    virtual bool need_embd() const = 0;
-
-    // true if this implementation requires the target context to extract pre-norm embeddings
-    virtual bool need_embd_nextn() const { return false; }
 };

 struct common_speculative_impl_draft_simple : public common_speculative_impl {
@@ -193,6 +187,10 @@ struct common_speculative_impl_draft_simple : public common_speculative_impl {
        auto * ctx_dft = this->params.ctx_dft;
        auto * ctx_tgt = this->params.ctx_tgt;

+        if (!ctx_dft) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("draft-simple requires a draft context");
+        }
+
        SPC_TRC("%s", "adding speculative implementation 'draft-simple'\n");
        SPC_TRC("- n_max=%d, n_min=%d, p_min=%f\n", this->params.n_max, this->params.n_min, this->params.p_min);
        SPC_TRC("- gpu_layers=%d, cache_k=%s, cache_v=%s, ctx_tgt=%s, ctx_dft=%s, devices=[%s]\n",
@@ -385,10 +383,6 @@ struct common_speculative_impl_draft_simple : public common_speculative_impl {
    void accept(llama_seq_id /*seq_id*/, uint16_t /*n_accepted*/, bool /*is_other*/) override {
        // noop
    }
-
-    bool need_embd() const override {
-        return false;
-    }
 };


@@ -907,10 +901,6 @@ struct common_speculative_impl_draft_eagle3 : public common_speculative_impl {
        pending_g_last[seq_id].resize(n_embd_dec);
        std::memcpy(pending_g_last[seq_id].data(), data.data() + sizeof(llama_pos), (size_t) n_embd_dec * sizeof(float));
    }
-
-    bool need_embd() const override {
-        return false;
-    }
 };

 // DFlash: block-diffusion drafting with a draft-side KV cache injection
@@ -1032,7 +1022,14 @@ struct common_speculative_impl_draft_dflash : public common_speculative_impl {
            return true;
        }

-        if (batch_in.token == nullptr || batch_in.embd != nullptr) {
+        // Target prefill may contain token IDs or multimodal embeddings. Both
+        // produce the target-layer features used to seed the draft KV cache, so
+        // skipping the embedding batches leaves a hole in the draft's cache and
+        // the next injection fails to initialize.
+        // TODO: revisit after https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/24669 is merged
+        const bool has_tokens     = batch_in.token != nullptr;
+        const bool has_embeddings = batch_in.embd  != nullptr;
+        if (has_tokens == has_embeddings) {
            return true;
        }

@@ -1240,10 +1237,6 @@ struct common_speculative_impl_draft_dflash : public common_speculative_impl {
    void accept(llama_seq_id /*seq_id*/, uint16_t /*n_accepted*/, bool /*is_other*/) override {
        // noop
    }
-
-    bool need_embd() const override {
-        return false;
-    }
 };

 struct common_speculative_impl_draft_mtp : public common_speculative_impl {
@@ -1682,14 +1675,6 @@ struct common_speculative_impl_draft_mtp : public common_speculative_impl {
        const size_t row_bytes = (size_t) n_embd * sizeof(float);
        std::memcpy(pending_h[seq_id].data(), verify_h[seq_id].data() + (size_t) i_h * n_embd, row_bytes);
    }
-
-    bool need_embd() const override {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    bool need_embd_nextn() const override {
-        return true;
-    }
 };

 // state of self-speculation (simple implementation, not ngram-map)
@@ -1736,10 +1721,6 @@ struct common_speculative_impl_ngram_simple : public common_speculative_impl {
    void accept(llama_seq_id /*seq_id*/, uint16_t /*n_accepted*/, bool /*is_other*/) override {
        // noop
    }
-
-    bool need_embd() const override {
-        return false;
-    }
 };

 struct common_speculative_impl_ngram_map_k : public common_speculative_impl {
@@ -1794,10 +1775,6 @@ struct common_speculative_impl_ngram_map_k : public common_speculative_impl {

        common_ngram_map_accept(config[seq_id], n_accepted);
    }
-
-    bool need_embd() const override {
-        return false;
-    }
 };

 struct common_speculative_impl_ngram_mod : public common_speculative_impl {
@@ -1973,10 +1950,6 @@ struct common_speculative_impl_ngram_mod : public common_speculative_impl {
            }
        }
    }
-
-    bool need_embd() const override {
-        return false;
-    }
 };

 struct common_speculative_impl_ngram_cache : public common_speculative_impl {
@@ -2116,10 +2089,6 @@ struct common_speculative_impl_ngram_cache : public common_speculative_impl {
    void accept(llama_seq_id /*seq_id*/, uint16_t /*n_accepted*/, bool /*is_other*/) override {
        // noop
    }
-
-    bool need_embd() const override {
-        return false;
-    }
 };

 struct common_speculative {
@@ -2292,6 +2261,7 @@ common_params common_base_params_to_speculative(const common_params & params) {
    result.cache_type_k  = params_spec.cache_type_k;
    result.cache_type_v  = params_spec.cache_type_v;
    result.n_outputs_max = params.n_parallel;
+    result.n_outputs_max_per_seq = 1;

    return result;
 }
@@ -2314,7 +2284,6 @@ common_speculative_init_result::common_speculative_init_result(
    const bool spec_mtp = std::find(params.speculative.types.begin(),
                                    params.speculative.types.end(),
                                    COMMON_SPECULATIVE_TYPE_DRAFT_MTP) != params.speculative.types.end();
-    GGML_ASSERT(has_draft || spec_mtp);

    auto mparams = common_model_params_to_llama(params);
    auto cparams = common_context_params_to_llama(params);
@@ -2377,6 +2346,17 @@ common_speculative_init_result_ptr common_speculative_init_from_params(common_pa
    return std::make_unique<common_speculative_init_result>(params, model_tgt, ctx_tgt);
 }

+common_speculative_output_limits common_speculative_get_output_limits(
+        int32_t n_batch, int32_t n_parallel, int32_t n_draft) {
+    const int64_t per_seq = 1 + (int64_t) std::max(0, n_draft);
+    const int64_t total   = (int64_t) n_parallel * per_seq;
+
+    return {
+        /* .total   = */ (int32_t) std::min<int64_t>(n_batch, total),
+        /* .per_seq = */ (int32_t) std::min<int64_t>(n_batch, per_seq),
+    };
+}
+
 // initialization of the speculative decoding system
 //
 common_speculative * common_speculative_init(common_params_speculative & params, uint32_t n_seq) {
@@ -2541,34 +2521,6 @@ bool common_speculative_process(common_speculative * spec, const llama_batch & b
    return result;
 }

-bool common_speculative_need_embd(common_speculative * spec) {
-    if (spec == nullptr) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    for (auto & impl : spec->impls) {
-        if (impl->need_embd()) {
-            return true;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return false;
-}
-
-bool common_speculative_need_embd_nextn(common_speculative * spec) {
-    if (spec == nullptr) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    for (auto & impl : spec->impls) {
-        if (impl->need_embd_nextn()) {
-            return true;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return false;
-}
-
 void common_speculative_draft(common_speculative * spec) {
    if (spec == nullptr) {
        return;
@@ -2653,7 +2605,10 @@ void common_speculative_draft(common_speculative * spec) {
 void common_speculative_accept(common_speculative * spec, llama_seq_id seq_id, uint16_t n_accepted) {
    common_speculative_impl * impl = spec->impl_last[seq_id];

-    GGML_ASSERT(impl);
+    if (impl == nullptr) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(n_accepted == 0);
+        return;
+    }

    {
        common_time_meas tm(impl->t_accept_us, !impl->gen_perf);
@@ -25,6 +25,15 @@ int32_t common_speculative_n_max(const common_params_speculative * spec);

 common_params common_base_params_to_speculative(const common_params & params);

+struct common_speculative_output_limits {
+    int32_t total;
+    int32_t per_seq;
+};
+
+// return the output limits needed for speculative decoding
+common_speculative_output_limits common_speculative_get_output_limits(
+        int32_t n_batch, int32_t n_parallel, int32_t n_draft);
+
 common_speculative * common_speculative_init(common_params_speculative & params, uint32_t n_seq);

 void common_speculative_free(common_speculative * spec);
@@ -58,12 +67,6 @@ void common_speculative_begin(common_speculative * spec, llama_seq_id seq_id, co
 // process the batch and update the internal state of the speculative context
 bool common_speculative_process(common_speculative * spec, const llama_batch & batch);

-// true if any implementation requires target post-norm embeddings to be extracted
-bool common_speculative_need_embd(common_speculative * spec);
-
-// true if any implementation requires target nextn embeddings to be extracted
-bool common_speculative_need_embd_nextn(common_speculative * spec);
-
 // generate drafts for the sequences specified with `common_speculative_get_draft_params`
 void common_speculative_draft(common_speculative * spec);

@@ -103,6 +103,7 @@ TEXT_MODEL_MAP: dict[str, str] = {
    "GraniteMoeForCausalLM": "granite",
    "GraniteMoeHybridForCausalLM": "granite",
    "GraniteMoeSharedForCausalLM": "granite",
+    "GraniteSwitchForCausalLM": "granite",
    "GraniteSpeechForConditionalGeneration": "granite",
    "GraniteSpeechPlusForConditionalGeneration": "granite",
    "Grok1ForCausalLM": "grok",
@@ -182,6 +183,8 @@ TEXT_MODEL_MAP: dict[str, str] = {
    "Olmo3ForCausalLM": "olmo",
    "OlmoForCausalLM": "olmo",
    "OlmoeForCausalLM": "olmo",
+    "MuseGlimmerAssistantModel": "muse_glimmer",
+    "MuseGlimmerForConditionalGeneration": "muse_glimmer",
    "OpenELMForCausalLM": "openelm",
    "OrionForCausalLM": "orion",
    "PLMForCausalLM": "plm",
@@ -211,6 +214,7 @@ TEXT_MODEL_MAP: dict[str, str] = {
    "Qwen3MoeForCausalLM": "qwen",
    "Qwen3NextForCausalLM": "qwen",
    "Qwen3OmniMoeForConditionalGeneration": "qwen3vl",
+    "PocketTTSModel": "pockettts",
    "Qwen3TTSForConditionalGeneration": "qwen3tts",
    "Qwen3VLForConditionalGeneration": "qwen3vl",
    "Qwen3VLMoeForConditionalGeneration": "qwen3vl",
@@ -297,6 +301,7 @@ MMPROJ_MODEL_MAP: dict[str, str] = {
    "MiniCPMV4_6ForConditionalGeneration": "minicpm",
    "Mistral3ForConditionalGeneration": "llava",
    "NemotronH_Nano_VL_V2": "nemotron",
+    "MuseGlimmerForConditionalGeneration": "muse_glimmer",
    "PaddleOCRVisionModel": "ernie",
    "Phi4ForCausalLMV": "phi",
    "Qwen2AudioForConditionalGeneration": "ultravox",
@@ -306,6 +311,7 @@ MMPROJ_MODEL_MAP: dict[str, str] = {
    "Qwen2_5_VLForConditionalGeneration": "qwenvl",
    "Qwen3ASRForConditionalGeneration": "qwen3vl",
    "Qwen3OmniMoeForConditionalGeneration": "qwen3vl",
+    "PocketTTSModel": "pockettts",
    "Qwen3TTSForConditionalGeneration": "qwen3tts",
    "Qwen3VLForConditionalGeneration": "qwen3vl",
    "Qwen3VLMoeForConditionalGeneration": "qwen3vl",
@@ -58,6 +58,11 @@ logger = logging.getLogger("hf-to-gguf")
 AnyModel = TypeVar("AnyModel", bound="type[ModelBase]")


+# for checkpoints that ship no config.json, we will try to provide a synthetic one
+HparamsMatcher = Callable[[Path], bool]
+HparamsLoader = Callable[[Path], dict[str, Any]]
+
+
 class SentencePieceTokenTypes(IntEnum):
    NORMAL = 1
    UNKNOWN = 2
@@ -77,6 +82,7 @@ class ModelBase:
        ModelType.TEXT: {},
        ModelType.MMPROJ: {},
    }
+    _hparams_loaders: list[tuple[HparamsMatcher, HparamsLoader]] = []

    dir_model: Path
    ftype: gguf.LlamaFileType
@@ -823,7 +829,7 @@ class ModelBase:
            elif any(str(v.get("quant_algo")).endswith("NVFP4") for v in quant_layers.values() if isinstance(v, dict)):
                quant_algo = "NVFP4"

-        self._is_nvfp4 = quant_algo == "NVFP4"
+        self._is_nvfp4 = quant_algo in ("NVFP4", "W4A16_NVFP4")
        self._is_mxfp4 = quant_method == "mxfp4"

        # NVFP4 weights are repacked and written directly to gguf_writer.
@@ -1040,6 +1046,24 @@ class ModelBase:

        return part_names

+    @staticmethod
+    def load_hparams_guess(dir_model: Path) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+        # some models ship no config.json, will try to guess them
+        from conversion import load_all_models
+        load_all_models()
+
+        for matcher, loader in ModelBase._hparams_loaders:
+            if matcher(dir_model):
+                return loader(dir_model)
+        return None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def register_hparams_loader(cls, matcher: HparamsMatcher) -> Callable[[HparamsLoader], HparamsLoader]:
+        def inner(loader: HparamsLoader) -> HparamsLoader:
+            cls._hparams_loaders.append((matcher, loader))
+            return loader
+        return inner
+
    @staticmethod
    def load_hparams(dir_model: Path, is_mistral_format: bool):
        if is_mistral_format:
@@ -1053,6 +1077,10 @@ class ModelBase:
            config = AutoConfig.from_pretrained(dir_model, trust_remote_code=False).to_dict()
        except Exception as e:
            logger.warning(f"Failed to load model config from {dir_model}: {e}")
+            if not (dir_model / "config.json").is_file():
+                config = ModelBase.load_hparams_guess(dir_model)
+                if config is not None:
+                    return config
            logger.warning("Trying to load config.json instead")
            with open(dir_model / "config.json", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
                config = json.load(f)
@@ -123,6 +123,166 @@ class GraniteMoeModel(GraniteModel):
        yield from super().modify_tensors(data_torch, name, bid)


+@ModelBase.register("GraniteSwitchForCausalLM")
+class GraniteSwitchModel(GraniteMoeModel):
+    """Dense, all-attention Granite with N per-token embedded LoRA adapters, stacked
+    over the adapter dim with a zero adapter at slot 0 (N = num_adapters + 1)."""
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.GRANITE_SWITCH
+
+    # permute q/k per-slice below (NORM-rope layout), not via the parent's auto-permute
+    undo_permute = False
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        # the weightless switch reserves one cache slot: one fewer block than num_hidden_layers
+        self.block_count = self.block_count - 1
+        self.tensor_map = gguf.get_tensor_name_map(self.model_arch, self.block_count)
+
+        self._n_adapters = int(self.hparams["num_adapters"])
+        self._max_lora_rank = int(self.hparams["max_lora_rank"])
+        self._n_slots = self._n_adapters + 1  # +1 for the zero slot at index 0
+
+        n_head = int(self.hparams["num_attention_heads"])
+        n_kv_head = int(self.hparams["num_key_value_heads"])
+        head_dim = (
+            self.hparams.get("projection_head_dim")
+            or self.hparams.get("head_dim")
+            or (self.hparams["hidden_size"] // n_head)
+        )
+        self._n_head = n_head
+        self._n_kv_head = n_kv_head
+        self._head_dim = int(head_dim)
+        self._q_size = n_head * self._head_dim
+        self._kv_size = n_kv_head * self._head_dim
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        super().set_gguf_parameters()
+
+        # dense: pin expert_used_count to 0 (config carries a leftover num_experts_per_tok)
+        if not self.hparams.get("num_local_experts"):
+            self.gguf_writer.add_expert_used_count(0)
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_adapter_count(self._n_adapters)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_adapter_lora_rank(self._max_lora_rank)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_adapter_token_ids_activate(self.hparams["adapter_token_ids"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_adapter_token_ids_substitute(self.hparams["adapter_substitute_token_ids"])
+        router_gain = float(self.hparams.get("control_token_gain", 15.0))
+        self.gguf_writer.add_adapter_router_gain(router_gain)
+        logger.info("gguf: (graniteswitch) num_adapters=%s max_lora_rank=%s n_slots=%s router_gain=%s", self._n_adapters, self._max_lora_rank, self._n_slots, router_gain)
+
+    def _lora_a(self, data: Tensor) -> Tensor:
+        # on-disk A: [n_adapters, 1, max_rank, in] -> [n_adapters+1, max_rank, in]
+        a = data.squeeze(1)
+        zero = torch.zeros_like(a[:1])
+        return torch.cat([zero, a], dim=0).contiguous()
+
+    def _lora_b(self, data: Tensor, permute_n_head: int | None = None) -> Tensor:
+        # on-disk B: [n_adapters, 1, out, max_rank] -> [n_adapters+1, out, max_rank]
+        b = data.squeeze(1)
+        if permute_n_head is not None:
+            # permute each adapter's B output rows to match the permuted q/k base
+            b = torch.stack([self.permute(b[i], permute_n_head, permute_n_head) for i in range(b.shape[0])], dim=0)
+        zero = torch.zeros_like(b[:1])
+        return torch.cat([zero, b], dim=0).contiguous()
+
+    def modify_tensors(self, data_torch: Tensor, name: str, bid: int | None) -> Iterable[tuple[str, Tensor]]:
+        T = gguf.MODEL_TENSOR
+
+        # skip the weightless switch + control-token buffers (rebuilt at load time)
+        bare = name.split(".")[-1]
+        if (
+            name.startswith("model.switch.") or name.startswith("switch.")
+            or bare in ("adapter_token_ids", "control_to_substitute_lut")
+        ):
+            return
+
+        if "self_attn.qkv_proj" in name:
+            if name.endswith("base_layer.weight"):
+                # fused [q|k|v] rows: permute q/k row-blocks for ggml's NORM-rope layout
+                q, k, v = data_torch.split([self._q_size, self._kv_size, self._kv_size], dim=0)
+                q = self.permute(q, self._n_head, self._n_head)
+                k = self.permute(k, self._n_kv_head, self._n_kv_head)
+                fused = torch.cat([q, k, v], dim=0)
+                yield (self.format_tensor_name(T.ATTN_QKV, bid), fused)
+                return
+            if "lora_A_slices." in name:
+                slot = int(name.rsplit(".", 1)[1])
+                key = {0: T.ATTN_Q, 1: T.ATTN_K, 2: T.ATTN_V}[slot]
+                yield (self.format_tensor_name(key, bid, suffix=".lora_a"), self._lora_a(data_torch))
+                return
+            if "lora_B_slices." in name:
+                slot = int(name.rsplit(".", 1)[1])
+                key, ph = {
+                    0: (T.ATTN_Q, self._n_head),
+                    1: (T.ATTN_K, self._n_kv_head),
+                    2: (T.ATTN_V, None),
+                }[slot]
+                yield (self.format_tensor_name(key, bid, suffix=".lora_b"), self._lora_b(data_torch, ph))
+                return
+            raise ValueError(f"Unexpected qkv_proj tensor: {name}")
+
+        if "self_attn.o_proj" in name:
+            if name.endswith("base_layer.weight"):
+                yield (self.format_tensor_name(T.ATTN_OUT, bid), data_torch)
+                return
+            if name.endswith("lora_A"):
+                yield (self.format_tensor_name(T.ATTN_OUT, bid, suffix=".lora_a"), self._lora_a(data_torch))
+                return
+            if name.endswith("lora_B"):
+                yield (self.format_tensor_name(T.ATTN_OUT, bid, suffix=".lora_b"), self._lora_b(data_torch))
+                return
+            raise ValueError(f"Unexpected o_proj tensor: {name}")
+
+        if "shared_mlp.input_linear" in name:
+            ffn = self.hparams["shared_intermediate_size"]
+            if name.endswith("base_layer.weight"):
+                gate, up = data_torch.split([ffn, ffn], dim=0)
+                yield (self.format_tensor_name(T.FFN_GATE, bid), gate)
+                yield (self.format_tensor_name(T.FFN_UP, bid), up)
+                return
+            if "lora_A_slices." in name:
+                slot = int(name.rsplit(".", 1)[1])
+                key = {0: T.FFN_GATE, 1: T.FFN_UP}[slot]
+                yield (self.format_tensor_name(key, bid, suffix=".lora_a"), self._lora_a(data_torch))
+                return
+            if "lora_B_slices." in name:
+                slot = int(name.rsplit(".", 1)[1])
+                key = {0: T.FFN_GATE, 1: T.FFN_UP}[slot]
+                yield (self.format_tensor_name(key, bid, suffix=".lora_b"), self._lora_b(data_torch))
+                return
+            raise ValueError(f"Unexpected shared_mlp.input_linear tensor: {name}")
+
+        if "shared_mlp.output_linear" in name:
+            if name.endswith("base_layer.weight"):
+                yield (self.format_tensor_name(T.FFN_DOWN, bid), data_torch)
+                return
+            if name.endswith("lora_A"):
+                yield (self.format_tensor_name(T.FFN_DOWN, bid, suffix=".lora_a"), self._lora_a(data_torch))
+                return
+            if name.endswith("lora_B"):
+                yield (self.format_tensor_name(T.FFN_DOWN, bid, suffix=".lora_b"), self._lora_b(data_torch))
+                return
+            raise ValueError(f"Unexpected shared_mlp.output_linear tensor: {name}")
+
+        if bid is not None and ".layers." in name and (
+            "input_layernorm" in name or "post_attention_layernorm" in name
+        ):
+            key = T.ATTN_NORM if "input_layernorm" in name else T.FFN_NORM
+            yield (self.format_tensor_name(key, bid), data_torch)
+            return
+
+        if name in ("model.embed_tokens.weight", "embed_tokens.weight"):
+            yield (self.format_tensor_name(T.TOKEN_EMBD), data_torch)
+            return
+        if name in ("model.norm.weight", "norm.weight"):
+            yield (self.format_tensor_name(T.OUTPUT_NORM), data_torch)
+            return
+        if name == "lm_head.weight":
+            return  # tied to token_embd
+
+        raise ValueError(f"graniteswitch: unhandled tensor {name!r} (bid={bid})")
+
+
@ModelBase.register("GraniteMoeHybridForCausalLM", "BambaForCausalLM")
 class GraniteHybridModel(Mamba2Model, GraniteMoeModel):
    """GraniteHybrid is a hybrid SSM + Attention model that uses Mamba2 SSM
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+from typing import Any, Iterable, TYPE_CHECKING
+
+import torch
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from torch import Tensor
+
+from .base import MmprojModel, ModelBase, TextModel, gguf
+
+
+def _unpermute_for_rope(tensor: "Tensor", n_heads: int) -> "Tensor":
+    """Invert transformers' `_permute_for_rope`: HF stores Q/K in rotate_half layout,
+    llama.cpp consumes the interleaved (NORM) layout."""
+    if tensor.ndim == 2:
+        dim1, dim2 = tensor.shape
+        return tensor.view(n_heads, 2, dim1 // n_heads // 2, dim2).transpose(1, 2).reshape(dim1, dim2)
+    if tensor.ndim == 1:
+        (dim1,) = tensor.shape
+        return tensor.view(n_heads, 2, dim1 // n_heads // 2).transpose(1, 2).reshape(dim1)
+    raise ValueError(f"_unpermute_for_rope: unexpected shape {tuple(tensor.shape)}")
+
+
+@ModelBase.register("MuseGlimmerForConditionalGeneration")
+class MuseGlimmerModel(TextModel):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.MUSE_GLIMMER
+
+    def norm_shift(self, name: str) -> float:
+        # All four layer norms use 1, the final norm uses 0.
+        return 1.0 if name.endswith("layernorm.weight") else 0.0
+
+    def set_vocab(self):
+        self._set_vocab_gpt2()
+
+        from transformers import AutoTokenizer
+        tok = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(self.dir_model)
+        eot_id = tok.convert_tokens_to_ids("<|eot|>")
+        if isinstance(eot_id, int) and eot_id >= 0:
+            self.gguf_writer.add_eot_token_id(eot_id)
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        super().set_gguf_parameters()
+        hparams = self.hparams
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_final_logit_softcapping(hparams["final_logit_softcapping"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_logit_scale(hparams["output_multiplier"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_sliding_window(hparams["sliding_window"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_sliding_window_pattern([t == "sliding_attention" for t in hparams["layer_types"]])
+
+    def modify_tensors(self, data_torch: Tensor, name: str, bid: int | None) -> Iterable[tuple[str, Tensor]]:
+        shift = self.norm_shift(name)
+        if shift != 0.0:
+            data_torch = data_torch + shift
+
+        # Invert transformers' `_permute_for_rope` on Q/K, we keep ggml's NORM (interleaved) rope
+        if ".self_attn.q_proj." in name:
+            data_torch = _unpermute_for_rope(data_torch, int(self.hparams["num_attention_heads"]))
+        elif ".self_attn.k_proj." in name:
+            data_torch = _unpermute_for_rope(data_torch, int(self.hparams["num_key_value_heads"]))
+
+        # Synthesize QK-norm weights to absorb qk_scale_factor.
+        # MuseGlimmer implementation: scaleless RMSNorm followed by qk_scale_factor..
+        if bid is not None and name.endswith(f"model.layers.{bid}.self_attn.q_proj.weight"):
+            head_dim = self.hparams["head_dim"]
+            q_scale = float(self.hparams["qk_scale_factor"])
+            yield (
+                self.map_tensor_name(f"model.layers.{bid}.self_attn.q_norm.weight"),
+                torch.full((head_dim,), q_scale, dtype=torch.float32),
+            )
+            yield (
+                self.map_tensor_name(f"model.layers.{bid}.self_attn.k_norm.weight"),
+                torch.ones((head_dim,), dtype=torch.float32),
+            )
+
+        yield from super().modify_tensors(data_torch, name, bid)
+
+
+@ModelBase.register("MuseGlimmerForConditionalGeneration")
+class MuseGlimmerVisionModel(MmprojModel):
+    def get_vision_config(self) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+        c = self.global_config.get("vision_config")
+        if not c:
+            return None
+        # MuseGlimmer actually uses dynamic size, initialize with nominal size
+        image_size = c["pos_emb_height"] * c["patch_size"] * c["merge_size"]
+        return {**c, "image_size": image_size}
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        super().set_gguf_parameters()
+        assert self.hparams_vision is not None
+        c = self.hparams_vision  # enriched vision_config from get_vision_config()
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_clip_projector_type(gguf.VisionProjectorType.MUSE_GLIMMER)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_vision_attention_layernorm_eps(float(c["layer_norm_eps"]))
+        self.gguf_writer.add_vision_spatial_merge_size(int(c["merge_size"]))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def filter_tensors(cls, item):
+        name, gen = item
+        keep = ("model.vision_tower.", "model.vision_adapter.", "model.vision_projection.")
+        if not any(name.startswith(k) for k in keep):
+            return None
+        return super().filter_tensors((name, gen))
+
+    # 3-layer projector MLP
+    _MM_MLP_MAP = {
+        "model.vision_adapter.fc1": (gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.V_MMPROJ, 0),
+        "model.vision_adapter.fc2": (gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.V_MMPROJ, 1),
+        "model.vision_projection":  (gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.V_MMPROJ, 2),
+    }
+
+    def modify_tensors(self, data_torch, name, bid):
+        assert self.hparams_vision is not None
+        if ".attn.q_proj." in name or ".attn.k_proj." in name:
+            n_heads = int(self.hparams_vision["num_attention_heads"])
+            data_torch = _unpermute_for_rope(data_torch, n_heads)
+        # Lay out the pt=2 temporal slabs of the patch embedding as a conv2d for build_inp()
+        if name.endswith("patch_embedder.patch_embedding.weight"):
+            n_embd = data_torch.shape[0]
+            pt = int(self.hparams_vision["patch_temporal"])
+            ps = int(self.hparams_vision["patch_size"])
+            data_torch = data_torch.view(n_embd, pt, 3, ps, ps).sum(dim=1)  # (n_embd, 3, ps, ps)
+        stem, _, suffix = name.rpartition(".")
+        if stem in self._MM_MLP_MAP:
+            tensor_key, idx = self._MM_MLP_MAP[stem]
+            yield (self.format_tensor_name(tensor_key, bid=idx, suffix="." + suffix), data_torch)
+            return
+        yield (self.map_tensor_name(name), data_torch)
+
+
+@ModelBase.register("MuseGlimmerAssistantModel")
+class MuseGlimmerAssistantModel(TextModel):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.DFLASH
+
+    def set_vocab(self):
+        if self.target_model_dir is None:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "MuseGlimmerAssistant (DFlash drafter) requires --target-model-dir pointing to the "
+                "target MuseGlimmer HF directory"
+            )
+
+        original_dir = self.dir_model
+        self.dir_model = self.target_model_dir
+
+        from . import get_model_class
+        with open(self.target_model_dir / "config.json", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            target_arch = json.load(f)["architectures"][0]
+        target_cls = get_model_class(target_arch)
+        if target_cls is not type(self):
+            target_cls.set_vocab(self)  # ty: ignore[unresolved-attribute]
+        else:
+            super().set_vocab()
+
+        self.dir_model = original_dir
+
+        mask_token_id = self.hparams.get("mask_token_id")
+        if mask_token_id is not None:
+            self.gguf_writer.add_mask_token_id(int(mask_token_id))
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        super().set_gguf_parameters()
+        h = self.hparams
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_block_size(int(h["block_size"]))
+
+        # dflash.target_layers[k] refers to the inputs going into the ith layer, which come from the (i-1)th layer's output.
+        # The transformers configuration refers to the outputs being recorded.
+        self.gguf_writer.add_target_layers([int(x) + 1 for x in h["target_layer_ids"]])
+
+        if h.get("sliding_window") and h.get("layer_types"):
+            self.gguf_writer.add_sliding_window(int(h["sliding_window"]))
+            self.gguf_writer.add_sliding_window_pattern([t == "sliding_attention" for t in h["layer_types"]])
+
+    def modify_tensors(self, data_torch: Tensor, name: str, bid: int | None) -> Iterable[tuple[str, Tensor]]:
+        # DFlash defaults to NEOX (rotate_half) rope, matching transformers HF layout for Q/K, QK-norms
+        # no permutation needed.
+        yield (self.map_tensor_name(name), data_torch)
@@ -197,6 +197,7 @@ class NemotronHModel(GraniteHybridModel):
    """Hybrid mamba2/attention model from NVIDIA"""
    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.NEMOTRON_H
    is_moe: bool = False
+    supports_mtp_export = True

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        # We have to determine the correct model architecture (MoE vs non-MoE) before
@@ -236,6 +237,25 @@ class NemotronHModel(GraniteHybridModel):
            self._ssm_layers = [i for i, val in enumerate(pattern) if val == "mamba"]
            self._mlp_layers = [i for i, val in enumerate(pattern) if val == "moe"]

+        # `--no-mtp` drops it entirely; `--mtp` exports only the MTP head
+        self._mtp_bid: int | None = None
+        if self.is_moe and not self.no_mtp:
+            n_nextn = self.hparams.get("num_nextn_predict_layers", 0) or 0
+            if n_nextn > 0:
+                assert n_nextn == 1, (
+                    "NemotronH MTP conversion currently supports num_nextn_predict_layers == 1"
+                )
+                self._mtp_bid = self.block_count
+                self.block_count += 1
+                # The folded MTP block carries both an attention sub-layer and a
+                # MoE sub-layer, so register it as both so the per-layer metadata arrays cover it
+                self._attn_layers.append(self._mtp_bid)
+                self._mlp_layers.append(self._mtp_bid)
+                self.tensor_map = gguf.get_tensor_name_map(self.model_arch, self.block_count)
+
+        if self.mtp_only and self._mtp_bid is None:
+            raise ValueError("--mtp was requested, but this model does not contain a supported MTP head")
+
    def get_attn_layers(self):
        pattern = self.hparams.get("hybrid_override_pattern") or self.hparams.get("layers_block_type")
        if pattern is None:
@@ -246,6 +266,44 @@ class NemotronHModel(GraniteHybridModel):

        return [i for i, val in enumerate(pattern) if val == "attention"]

+    @classmethod
+    def filter_tensors(cls, item: tuple[str, Callable[[], Tensor]]) -> tuple[str, Callable[[], Tensor]] | None:
+        name, gen = item
+        if name.startswith("mtp."):
+            # --no-mtp: drop the MTP head entirely
+            if cls.no_mtp:
+                return None
+        elif cls.mtp_only:
+            # --mtp: export the MTP head plus the tensors it shares with the target model
+            # Include lm_head scale sidecars so NVFP4 packing sees them.
+            keep = name in (
+                "backbone.embeddings.weight",
+                "backbone.norm_f.weight",
+                "lm_head.weight",
+                "lm_head.weight_scale",
+                "lm_head.weight_scale_2",
+                "lm_head.weight_scale_inv",
+                "lm_head.input_scale",
+                "lm_head.input_global_scale",
+                "lm_head.weight_global_scale",
+                "lm_head.weight_packed",
+            )
+            if not keep:
+                return None
+        return super().filter_tensors((name, gen))
+
+    def prepare_metadata(self, vocab_only: bool):
+        from_dir = self.fname_out.is_dir()
+        super().prepare_metadata(vocab_only=vocab_only)
+
+        if not self.mtp_only or not from_dir:
+            return
+        output_type: str = self.ftype.name.partition("_")[2]
+        fname_default: str = gguf.naming_convention(
+            self.metadata.name, self.metadata.basename, self.metadata.finetune,
+            self.metadata.version, size_label=None, output_type=output_type, model_type=None)
+        self.fname_out = self.fname_out.parent / f"mtp-{fname_default}.gguf"
+
    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
        super().set_gguf_parameters()

@@ -284,6 +342,10 @@ class NemotronHModel(GraniteHybridModel):
            if (latent_size := self.hparams.get("moe_latent_size")) is not None:
                self.gguf_writer.add_moe_latent_size(latent_size)

+        # MTP head: number of trailing NextN blocks
+        if self._mtp_bid is not None:
+            self.gguf_writer.add_nextn_predict_layers(self.hparams["num_nextn_predict_layers"])
+
    def set_vocab(self):
        # The NemotronH config uses pattern characters (e.g. '-') that may not
        # be supported by the installed transformers version. AutoTokenizer
@@ -350,15 +412,24 @@ class NemotronHModel(GraniteHybridModel):
        if not self.is_moe:
            self.gguf_writer.add_add_bos_token(True)

-    def modify_tensors(self, data_torch: Tensor, name: str, bid: int | None) -> Iterable[tuple[str, Tensor]]:
-        if self.is_moe and bid is not None:
-            # Skip Multi-Token Prediction (MTP) tensors. These are used for
-            # for speculative decoding but we don't include them in this model
-            # conversion. See https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/18886
-            if name.startswith("mtp."):
-                logger.info(f"gguf: Skipping MTP (Speculative) layer: {name}")
-                return
+    _MTP_SPECIAL_RENAMES = {
+        "mtp.layers.0.enorm.weight":           "model.layers.{bid}.enorm.weight",
+        "mtp.layers.0.hnorm.weight":           "model.layers.{bid}.hnorm.weight",
+        "mtp.layers.0.eh_proj.weight":         "model.layers.{bid}.eh_proj.weight",
+        "mtp.layers.1.norm.weight":            "model.layers.{bid}.post_attention_layernorm.weight",
+        "mtp.layers.1.final_layernorm.weight": "model.layers.{bid}.shared_head.norm.weight",
+    }

+    def modify_tensors(self, data_torch: Tensor, name: str, bid: int | None) -> Iterable[tuple[str, Tensor]]:
+        #   mtp.layers.0: NextN input fusion + attention
+        #   mtp.layers.1: MoE + final head norm
+        if self._mtp_bid is not None and name.startswith(("mtp.layers.0.", "mtp.layers.1.")):
+            suffix = name.split(".", 3)[3]
+            bid = self._mtp_bid
+            renamed = self._MTP_SPECIAL_RENAMES.get(name)
+            name = renamed.format(bid=bid) if renamed else f"backbone.layers.{bid}.{suffix}"
+
+        if self.is_moe and bid is not None:
            if name.endswith("mixer.gate.e_score_correction.bias"):
                yield from ModelBase.modify_tensors(self, data_torch, name, bid)
                return
@@ -0,0 +1,378 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import re
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any, Iterable, TYPE_CHECKING
+
+import torch
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from torch import Tensor
+
+from .base import ModelBase, MmprojModel, SentencePieceTokenTypes, TextModel, gguf, logger
+
+# Pocket TTS is a CALM: the backbone conditions a flow-matching decoder that generates one
+# continuous 32-d latent per frame. There is no codebook in this model.
+# The checkpoint ships no config.json, hparams come from _load_hparams() below.
+#
+# Tricks being used to support this model via existing llama.cpp code paths:
+# - bos_before_voice and bos_emb are learned input vectors, not tokens
+#   they are appended to the embedding table as extra tokens, to be looked up like any other row
+# - bos_emb lives in latent space, so input_linear is folded into it here
+# - the backbone has no lm_head, the embedding table is reused as output for the unused logits
+#
+# pipeline stage mapping:
+#   mimi encoder + speaker_proj --> mapped to normal mtmd audio encoder
+#   flow_lm.transformer         --> mapped to normal libllama text model (autoregressive)
+#   flow_lm.flow_net + out_eos  --> MTMD_GEN_PROCESS_TYPE_GEN_CODE
+#   mimi decoder                --> MTMD_GEN_PROCESS_TYPE_GEN_WAV
+
+# indices into mimi.encoder.model / mimi.decoder.model for stage i, see SEANetEncoder/SEANetDecoder
+_ENC_RES_IDX   = lambda i: 1 + 3 * i  # noqa: E731
+_ENC_SCALE_IDX = lambda i: 3 + 3 * i  # noqa: E731
+_DEC_SCALE_IDX = lambda i: 2 + 3 * i  # noqa: E731
+_DEC_RES_IDX   = lambda i: 3 + 3 * i  # noqa: E731
+
+_N_SEANET_STAGES = 3
+_SAMPLE_RATE = 24000
+
+
+def _tensor_shapes(dir_model: Path) -> dict[str, tuple[int, ...]]:
+    part_names = ModelBase.get_model_part_names(dir_model, "model", ".safetensors")
+    if len(part_names) != 1:
+        return {}
+    with gguf.utility.SafetensorsLocal(dir_model / part_names[0]) as part:
+        return {name: tuple(part[name].shape) for name in part.keys()}
+
+
+@ModelBase.register_hparams_loader(lambda dir_model: "flow_lm.bos_emb" in _tensor_shapes(dir_model))
+def _load_hparams(dir_model: Path) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    logger.info("gguf: detected pocket-tts checkpoint, deriving hparams from tensor shapes")
+    shapes = _tensor_shapes(dir_model)
+    n_vocab, n_embd = shapes["flow_lm.conditioner.embed.weight"]
+    n_layer = sum(1 for name in shapes if re.fullmatch(r"flow_lm\.transformer\.layers\.\d+\.norm1\.weight", name))
+    n_layer_a = sum(1 for name in shapes if re.fullmatch(r"mimi\.encoder_transformer\.transformer\.layers\.\d+\.norm1\.weight", name))
+    n_embd_a = shapes["mimi.encoder_transformer.transformer.layers.0.norm1.weight"][0]
+    return {
+        "architectures": ["PocketTTSModel"],
+        "model_type": "pockettts",
+        "num_hidden_layers": n_layer,
+        "hidden_size": n_embd,
+        "intermediate_size": shapes["flow_lm.transformer.layers.0.linear1.weight"][0],
+        # the transformer is fully causal with no context limit, this only bounds the KV cache
+        "max_position_embeddings": 4096,
+        # not in the checkpoint, but every released variant uses head_dim 64
+        "num_attention_heads": n_embd // 64,
+        # extra rows for the learned input vectors, see _embd_table()
+        "vocab_size": n_vocab + (2 if "flow_lm.bos_before_voice" in shapes else 1),
+        "rope_theta": 10000.0,
+        "layer_norm_eps": 1e-5,
+        "audio_config": {
+            "num_hidden_layers": n_layer_a,
+            "hidden_size": n_embd_a,
+            "intermediate_size": shapes["mimi.encoder_transformer.transformer.layers.0.linear1.weight"][0],
+            "num_attention_heads": n_embd_a // 64,
+        },
+    }
+
+
+@ModelBase.register("PocketTTSModel")
+class PocketTTSModel(TextModel):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.POCKETTTS
+
+    _LAYER_TENSOR_MAP = {
+        "norm1":               gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.ATTN_NORM,
+        "norm2":               gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.FFN_NORM,
+        "self_attn.out_proj":  gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.ATTN_OUT,
+        "linear1":             gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.FFN_UP,
+        "linear2":             gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.FFN_DOWN,
+    }
+
+    def set_vocab(self):
+        # this is a unigram sentencepiece model, llama.cpp's SPM tokenizer cannot do
+        # unigram segmentation, so use the UGM tokenizer instead
+        from sentencepiece import sentencepiece_model_pb2 as model
+
+        proto = model.ModelProto()  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue] # ty: ignore[unresolved-attribute]
+        proto.ParseFromString(open(self.dir_model / "tokenizer.model", "rb").read())
+        assert proto.trainer_spec.model_type == 1, "expected a unigram tokenizer"
+
+        tokens, scores, toktypes = self._create_vocab_sentencepiece()
+
+        # the last rows of the embedding table are not sentencepiece pieces
+        extra = self._extra_tokens()
+        for i, name in enumerate(extra):
+            tokens[len(tokens) - len(extra) + i] = name.encode("utf-8")
+            toktypes[len(tokens) - len(extra) + i] = SentencePieceTokenTypes.CONTROL
+            scores[len(tokens) - len(extra) + i] = -1000.0
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_model("t5")
+        self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_pre("default")
+        self.gguf_writer.add_token_list(tokens)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_token_scores(scores)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_token_types(toktypes)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_add_space_prefix(proto.normalizer_spec.add_dummy_prefix)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_remove_extra_whitespaces(proto.normalizer_spec.remove_extra_whitespaces)
+        if proto.normalizer_spec.precompiled_charsmap:
+            self.gguf_writer.add_precompiled_charsmap(proto.normalizer_spec.precompiled_charsmap)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_add_bos_token(False)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_add_eos_token(False)
+
+    def modify_tensors(self, data_torch: Tensor, name: str, bid: int | None) -> Iterable[tuple[str, Tensor]]:
+        if not name.startswith("flow_lm."):
+            return  # mimi and the flow net go to the mmproj
+
+        if name == "flow_lm.conditioner.embed.weight":
+            yield (self.format_tensor_name(gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.TOKEN_EMBD), self._embd_table(data_torch))
+            return
+
+        if name.startswith("flow_lm.out_norm."):
+            suffix = "." + name.rsplit(".", 1)[1]
+            yield (self.format_tensor_name(gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.OUTPUT_NORM, suffix=suffix), data_torch)
+            return
+
+        if name.startswith("flow_lm.transformer.layers."):
+            assert bid is not None
+            key_with_suffix = name.split(f"layers.{bid}.", 1)[1]
+            key, suffix = key_with_suffix.rsplit(".", 1)
+
+            if key == "self_attn.in_proj":
+                q, k, v = data_torch.chunk(3, dim=0)
+                yield (self.format_tensor_name(gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.ATTN_Q, bid), q)
+                yield (self.format_tensor_name(gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.ATTN_K, bid), k)
+                yield (self.format_tensor_name(gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.ATTN_V, bid), v)
+                return
+
+            tensor = self._LAYER_TENSOR_MAP.get(key)
+            if tensor is not None:
+                yield (self.format_tensor_name(tensor, bid, suffix="." + suffix), data_torch)
+                return
+
+        return
+
+    def _extra_tokens(self) -> list[str]:
+        # the conditioner's padding row, then the learned vectors appended by _embd_table().
+        # bos_before_voice only exists when the pack sets insert_bos_before_voice
+        names = ["<|pad|>"]
+        if "flow_lm.bos_before_voice" in self.model_tensors:
+            names.append("<|bos_before_voice|>")
+        names.append("<|audio_bos|>")
+        return names
+
+    def _embd_table(self, embed: Tensor) -> Tensor:
+        rows = [embed]
+        if "flow_lm.bos_before_voice" in self.model_tensors:
+            rows.append(self.model_tensors["flow_lm.bos_before_voice"]().reshape(1, -1).to(embed.dtype))
+
+        # bos_emb is a latent, it only enters the backbone through input_linear
+        bos_emb = self.model_tensors["flow_lm.bos_emb"]()
+        input_linear = self.model_tensors["flow_lm.input_linear.weight"]()
+        audio_bos = torch.nn.functional.linear(bos_emb.float(), input_linear.float()).reshape(1, -1)
+        rows.append(audio_bos.to(embed.dtype))
+
+        return torch.cat(rows, dim=0)
+
+
+@ModelBase.register("PocketTTSModel")
+class PocketTTSMmprojModel(MmprojModel):
+    has_audio_encoder = True
+    has_vision_encoder = False
+
+    _MIMI_TFM_MAP = {
+        "norm1":              (gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_INPUT_NORM,  gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_WAV_TFM_ATTN_NORM),
+        "norm2":              (gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_OUTPUT_NORM, gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_WAV_TFM_FFN_NORM),
+        "self_attn.out_proj": (gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_OUTPUT,      gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_WAV_TFM_ATTN_OUT),
+        "linear1":            (gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_FFN_UP,      gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_WAV_TFM_FFN_UP),
+        "linear2":            (gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_FFN_DOWN,    gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_WAV_TFM_FFN_DOWN),
+        "layer_scale_1.scale": (gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_ATTN_SCALE, gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_WAV_TFM_ATTN_SCALE),
+        "layer_scale_2.scale": (gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_FFN_SCALE_LS, gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_WAV_TFM_FFN_SCALE),
+    }
+    _MIMI_TFM_QKV = (
+        (gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_ATTN_Q, gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_ATTN_K, gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_ATTN_V),
+        (gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_WAV_TFM_ATTN_Q, gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_WAV_TFM_ATTN_K, gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_WAV_TFM_ATTN_V),
+    )
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        self.gguf_writer.add_file_type(self.ftype)
+        assert self.hparams_audio is not None
+
+        # voice-prompt encoder: mimi encoder + speaker_proj
+        self.gguf_writer.add_clip_has_audio_encoder(True)
+        # note: the 24kHz sample rate is hardcoded on the clip.cpp side, like the other audio models
+        self.gguf_writer.add_clip_audio_projector_type(gguf.VisionProjectorType.POCKETTTS_SPKENC)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_audio_projection_dim(self.n_embd_text)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_audio_block_count(self.hparams_audio["num_hidden_layers"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_audio_embedding_length(self.hparams_audio["hidden_size"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_audio_feed_forward_length(self.hparams_audio["intermediate_size"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_audio_head_count(self.hparams_audio["num_attention_heads"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_audio_attention_layernorm_eps(1e-5)
+        # mimi convolves the waveform directly, it is passed around as a 1-row "mel"
+        self.gguf_writer.add_audio_num_mel_bins(1)
+
+        # generation: flow-matching decoder + mimi decoder
+        # the SEANet and flow net hparams are constant across the family, clip.cpp holds them
+        self.gguf_writer.add_clip_has_gen_audio_encoder(True)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_clip_gen_audio_projector_type(gguf.VisionProjectorType.POCKETTTS_GEN)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_gen_audio_projection_dim(self.n_embd_text)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_gen_audio_embedding_length(self.hparams_audio["hidden_size"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_gen_audio_feed_forward_length(self.hparams_audio["intermediate_size"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_gen_audio_block_count(self.hparams_audio["num_hidden_layers"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_gen_audio_head_count(self.hparams_audio["num_attention_heads"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_gen_audio_attention_layernorm_eps(1e-5)
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_gen_audio_model_variant(self.dir_model.name)
+
+    def tensor_force_quant(self, name, new_name, bid, n_dims):
+        del name, bid, n_dims
+        # conv1d/conv1d_dw kernels must be F16, ggml_conv_1d(_dw) has no BF16 path
+        if ".seanet." in new_name or new_name in ("a.downsample.conv.weight", "a.gen.wav.upsample.weight"):
+            return gguf.GGMLQuantizationType.F16
+        return False
+
+    def modify_tensors(self, data_torch: Tensor, name: str, bid: int | None) -> Iterable[tuple[str, Tensor]]:
+        del bid  # the block index of the mimi transformers is parsed here, not by the base class
+        T = gguf.MODEL_TENSOR
+
+        if name in ("flow_lm.bos_emb", "flow_lm.bos_before_voice", "flow_lm.conditioner.embed.weight"):
+            return  # folded into the backbone embedding table
+        if name.startswith("flow_lm.transformer.") or name.startswith("flow_lm.out_norm."):
+            return  # backbone
+
+        if name == "flow_lm.speaker_proj_weight":
+            yield (self.format_tensor_name(T.A_ENC_SPEAKER_PROJ), data_torch)
+            return
+        if name == "flow_lm.input_linear.weight":
+            yield (self.format_tensor_name(T.A_GEN_INPUT_LINEAR), data_torch)
+            return
+        if name == "flow_lm.emb_mean":
+            yield (self.format_tensor_name(T.A_GEN_EMB_MEAN, suffix=""), data_torch)
+            return
+        if name == "flow_lm.emb_std":
+            yield (self.format_tensor_name(T.A_GEN_EMB_STD, suffix=""), data_torch)
+            return
+        if name.startswith("flow_lm.out_eos."):
+            suffix = "." + name.rsplit(".", 1)[1]
+            yield (self.format_tensor_name(T.A_GEN_OUT_EOS, suffix=suffix), data_torch)
+            return
+
+        if name.startswith("flow_lm.flow_net."):
+            yield from self._flow_net_tensor(name, data_torch)
+            return
+
+        if name == "mimi.downsample.conv.conv.weight":
+            yield (self.format_tensor_name(T.A_ENC_DOWNSAMPLE_CONV), data_torch)
+            return
+        if name == "mimi.upsample.convtr.convtr.weight":
+            yield (self.format_tensor_name(T.A_GEN_WAV_UPSAMPLE), data_torch)
+            return
+        if name == "mimi.quantizer.output_proj.weight":
+            yield (self.format_tensor_name(T.A_GEN_WAV_QUANT_OUT), data_torch.squeeze(-1))
+            return
+
+        if "_transformer.transformer.layers." in name:
+            yield from self._mimi_tfm_tensor(name, data_torch)
+            return
+
+        if name.startswith("mimi.encoder.model.") or name.startswith("mimi.decoder.model."):
+            yield from self._seanet_tensor(name, data_torch)
+            return
+
+        return
+
+    def _flow_net_tensor(self, name: str, data_torch: Tensor) -> Iterable[tuple[str, Tensor]]:
+        T = gguf.MODEL_TENSOR
+        key = name.split("flow_lm.flow_net.", 1)[1]
+        suffix = "." + key.rsplit(".", 1)[1]
+
+        simple = {
+            "input_proj":                 T.A_GEN_FLOW_INPUT_PROJ,
+            "cond_embed":                 T.A_GEN_FLOW_COND_EMBD,
+            "final_layer.linear":         T.A_GEN_FLOW_FINAL_PROJ,
+            "final_layer.adaLN_modulation.1": T.A_GEN_FLOW_FINAL_ADA,
+        }
+        tensor = simple.get(key.rsplit(".", 1)[0])
+        if tensor is not None:
+            yield (self.format_tensor_name(tensor, suffix=suffix), data_torch)
+            return
+
+        if key.startswith("time_embed."):
+            bid = int(key.split(".")[1])
+            rest = key.split(f"time_embed.{bid}.", 1)[1]
+            time_map = {
+                "freqs":       (T.A_GEN_FLOW_TIME_FREQS, ""),
+                "mlp.0":       (T.A_GEN_FLOW_TIME_UP,    suffix),
+                "mlp.2":       (T.A_GEN_FLOW_TIME_DOWN,  suffix),
+                "mlp.3.alpha": (T.A_GEN_FLOW_TIME_NORM,  ""),
+            }
+            entry = time_map.get(rest) or time_map.get(rest.rsplit(".", 1)[0])
+            if entry is not None:
+                yield (self.format_tensor_name(entry[0], bid, suffix=entry[1]), data_torch)
+            return
+
+        if key.startswith("res_blocks."):
+            bid = int(key.split(".")[1])
+            rest = key.split(f"res_blocks.{bid}.", 1)[1].rsplit(".", 1)[0]
+            blk_map = {
+                "in_ln":                T.A_GEN_FLOW_BLK_NORM,
+                "mlp.0":                T.A_GEN_FLOW_BLK_UP,
+                "mlp.2":                T.A_GEN_FLOW_BLK_DOWN,
+                "adaLN_modulation.1":   T.A_GEN_FLOW_BLK_ADA,
+            }
+            tensor = blk_map.get(rest)
+            if tensor is not None:
+                yield (self.format_tensor_name(tensor, bid, suffix=suffix), data_torch)
+            return
+
+    def _mimi_tfm_tensor(self, name: str, data_torch: Tensor) -> Iterable[tuple[str, Tensor]]:
+        is_decoder = name.startswith("mimi.decoder_transformer.")
+        bid = int(name.split("_transformer.transformer.layers.", 1)[1].split(".")[0])
+        key_with_suffix = name.split(f".layers.{bid}.", 1)[1]
+
+        if key_with_suffix == "self_attn.in_proj.weight":
+            q, k, v = data_torch.chunk(3, dim=0)
+            names = self._MIMI_TFM_QKV[1 if is_decoder else 0]
+            for tensor, part in zip(names, (q, k, v)):
+                yield (self.format_tensor_name(tensor, bid), part)
+            return
+
+        key, suffix = key_with_suffix.rsplit(".", 1)
+        entry = self._MIMI_TFM_MAP.get(key) or self._MIMI_TFM_MAP.get(key_with_suffix)
+        if entry is None:
+            return
+        tensor = entry[1 if is_decoder else 0]
+        suffix = ".weight" if key_with_suffix.endswith(".scale") else "." + suffix
+        yield (self.format_tensor_name(tensor, bid, suffix=suffix), data_torch)
+
+    def _seanet_tensor(self, name: str, data_torch: Tensor) -> Iterable[tuple[str, Tensor]]:
+        T = gguf.MODEL_TENSOR
+        is_decoder = name.startswith("mimi.decoder.")
+        idx = int(name.split(".model.", 1)[1].split(".")[0])
+        suffix = "." + name.rsplit(".", 1)[1]
+
+        conv_in, conv_out, res1, res2, scale = (
+            (T.A_GEN_WAV_SEANET_CONV_IN, T.A_GEN_WAV_SEANET_CONV_OUT, T.A_GEN_WAV_SEANET_RES_CONV1,
+             T.A_GEN_WAV_SEANET_RES_CONV2, T.A_GEN_WAV_SEANET_SCALE_CONV)
+            if is_decoder else
+            (T.A_ENC_SEANET_CONV_IN, T.A_ENC_SEANET_CONV_OUT, T.A_ENC_SEANET_RES_CONV1,
+             T.A_ENC_SEANET_RES_CONV2, T.A_ENC_SEANET_SCALE_CONV)
+        )
+
+        if idx == 0:
+            yield (self.format_tensor_name(conv_in, suffix=suffix), data_torch)
+            return
+        if idx == 3 * _N_SEANET_STAGES + 2:
+            yield (self.format_tensor_name(conv_out, suffix=suffix), data_torch)
+            return
+
+        for stage in range(_N_SEANET_STAGES):
+            res_idx = _DEC_RES_IDX(stage) if is_decoder else _ENC_RES_IDX(stage)
+            scale_idx = _DEC_SCALE_IDX(stage) if is_decoder else _ENC_SCALE_IDX(stage)
+            if idx == scale_idx:
+                yield (self.format_tensor_name(scale, stage, suffix=suffix), data_torch)
+                return
+            if idx == res_idx:
+                # block.1 is the dilated conv, block.3 the pointwise one (0 and 2 are ELU)
+                inner = int(name.split(".block.", 1)[1].split(".")[0])
+                tensor = res1 if inner == 1 else res2
+                yield (self.format_tensor_name(tensor, stage, suffix=suffix), data_torch)
+                return
@@ -647,10 +647,13 @@ class DFlashModel(Qwen3Model):
        # own tokenizer logic, not the Qwen default).
        from . import get_model_class
        with open(self.target_model_dir / "config.json", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
-            target_arch = json.load(f)["architectures"][0]
+            target_hparams = json.load(f)
+            target_arch = target_hparams["architectures"][0]
        target_cls = get_model_class(target_arch)

        if target_cls is not type(self):
+            if target_arch == "NemotronHForCausalLM":
+                setattr(self, "is_moe", "num_experts_per_tok" in target_hparams)
            target_cls.set_vocab(self)  # ty: ignore[unresolved-attribute]
        else:
            super().set_vocab()
@@ -688,6 +691,12 @@ class DFlashModel(Qwen3Model):
            name = "model." + name
        return super().filter_tensors((name, gen))

+    def modify_tensors(self, data_torch: Tensor, name: str, bid: int | None) -> Iterable[tuple[str, Tensor]]:
+        if name == "model.embed_tokens.weight" and not self.hparams.get("has_embed_tokens", True):
+            return
+
+        yield from super().modify_tensors(data_torch, name, bid)
+

@ModelBase.register("Qwen3DSparkModel")
 class DSparkModel(DFlashModel):
@@ -202,6 +202,12 @@ Example Video:

 If a draft model is combined with a draftless decoding the draftless decoding has higher precedence.

+### Backend Sampling
+
+Use `--backend-sampling` to run supported target-model samplers on the model backend. Draft-model sampling uses the backend by default and can be controlled with `--spec-draft-backend-sampling` and `--no-spec-draft-backend-sampling`.
+
+Unsupported samplers and device layouts fall back to CPU sampling. Tensor split mode does not support backend sampling. A fixed seed produces repeatable random draws, but stochastic CPU and backend sampling can still select different tokens because floating-point operations can differ between implementations and devices. Use greedy sampling when exact output matching is required.
+
 ### General Speculative Parameters

 ```
@@ -3,9 +3,11 @@
 #include "common.h"
 #include "ngram-cache.h"
 #include "sampling.h"
+#include "speculative.h"
 #include "log.h"
 #include "llama.h"

+#include <algorithm>
 #include <clocale>
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <cstdio>
@@ -27,6 +29,10 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv){
    // max. number of additional tokens to draft if match is found
    const int n_draft = params.speculative.draft.n_max;

+    const auto output_limits = common_speculative_get_output_limits(params.n_batch, params.n_parallel, n_draft);
+    params.n_outputs_max = output_limits.total;
+    params.n_outputs_max_per_seq = output_limits.per_seq;
+
    // init llama.cpp
    llama_backend_init();
    llama_numa_init(params.numa);
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 --extra-index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cpu
 torch
-torchvision
+torchvision; platform_machine != "s390x"
 transformers
 huggingface-hub
 accelerate
@@ -2,12 +2,15 @@

 import argparse
 import os
+import sys
 import importlib
 import torch
 import numpy as np

 from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoConfig, AutoModelForCausalLM
-from pathlib import Path
+
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '..'))
+from utils.common import save_output_data

 unreleased_model_name = os.getenv('UNRELEASED_MODEL_NAME')

@@ -54,6 +57,7 @@ print(f"Model name: {model_name}")

 prompt = "Hello world today"
 input_ids = tokenizer(prompt, return_tensors="pt").input_ids  # ty: ignore[call-non-callable]
+token_ids = input_ids[0].cpu().tolist()
 print(f"Input tokens: {input_ids}")
 print(f"Input text: {repr(prompt)}")
 print(f"Tokenized: {tokenizer.convert_ids_to_tokens(input_ids[0])}")  # ty: ignore[unresolved-attribute]
@@ -74,21 +78,8 @@ with torch.no_grad():
    print(f"Hidden dimension: {token_embeddings.shape[-1]}")
    print(f"Number of tokens: {token_embeddings.shape[0]}")

-    # Save raw token embeddings
-    data_dir = Path("data")
-    data_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
-    bin_filename = data_dir / f"pytorch-{model_name}-embeddings.bin"
-    txt_filename = data_dir / f"pytorch-{model_name}-embeddings.txt"
-
-    # Save all token embeddings as binary
    print(token_embeddings)
-    token_embeddings.astype(np.float32).tofile(bin_filename)
-
-    # Save as text for inspection
-    with open(txt_filename, "w") as f:
-        for i, embedding in enumerate(token_embeddings):
-            for j, val in enumerate(embedding):
-                f.write(f"{i} {j} {val:.6f}\n")
+    save_output_data(token_embeddings, token_ids, prompt, model_name, type_suffix="-embeddings")

    # Print embeddings per token in the requested format
    print("\nToken embeddings:")
@@ -110,5 +101,3 @@ with torch.no_grad():
    for i, token in enumerate(tokens):
        print(f"  Token {i}: {repr(token)}")

-    print(f"Saved bin logits to: {bin_filename}")
-    print(f"Saved txt logist to: {txt_filename}")
@@ -3,10 +3,47 @@
 Demonstration of basic greedy speculative decoding

 ```bash
+# spec-type draft-simple
 ./bin/llama-speculative-simple \
-    -m  ../models/qwen2.5-32b-coder-instruct/ggml-model-q8_0.gguf \
-    -md ../models/qwen2.5-1.5b-coder-instruct/ggml-model-q4_0.gguf \
-    -f test.txt -c 0 -ngl 99 --color on \
-    --sampling-seq k --top-k 1 -fa on --temp 0.0 \
-    -ngld 99 --spec-draft-n-max 16 --spec-draft-n-draft-min 5 --draft-p-min 0.9
+        -hf  ggml-org/Qwen3-8B-Base-GGUF:Q8_0 \
+        -hfd ggml-org/Qwen3-0.6B-Base-GGUF \
+        -p "Here is a quick sort implementation in C++. Just code, no comments:\n\n#include" \
+        --spec-type draft-simple --spec-draft-n-max 7 -ngld 99 --color on \
+        -n 256 --temp 0 --top-k 1 --seed 42 -ngl 99 -lv 4
+
+# spec-type draft-mtp
+./bin/llama-speculative-simple \
+        -hf ggml-org/Qwen3.6-27B-GGUF:Q8_0 \
+        -p "Here is a quick sort implementation in C++. Just code, no comments:\n\n#include" \
+        --spec-type draft-mtp --spec-draft-n-max 3 -ngld 99 --color on \
+        -n 256 --temp 0 --top-k 1 --seed 42 -ngl 99 -lv 4
+
+# spec-type draft-mtp (with shared KV cache)
+# note: this model needs a <s> token at the start to somewhat work without the chat template
+./bin/llama-speculative-simple \
+        -hf ggml-org/Gemma-4-31B-it-GGUF:Q8_0 \
+        -p "<s>Here is a quick sort implementation in C++. Just code, no comments:\n\n#include" \
+        --spec-type draft-mtp --spec-draft-n-max 3 -ngld 99 --color on \
+        -n 256 --temp 0 --top-k 1 --seed 42 -ngl 99 -lv 4
+
+# spec-type draft-eagle3
+./bin/llama-speculative-simple \
+        -hf ggml-org/gpt-oss-20b-GGUF \
+        -p "Here is a quick sort implementation in C++. Just code, no comments:\n\n#include" \
+        --spec-type draft-eagle3 --spec-draft-n-max 3 -ngld 99 --color on \
+        -n 256 --temp 0 --top-k 1 --seed 42 -ngl 99 -lv 4
+
+# spec-type draft-dflash
+./bin/llama-speculative-simple \
+        -hf ggml-org/Qwen3-8B-GGUF \
+        -p "Here is a quick sort implementation in C++. Just code, no comments:\n\n#include" \
+        --spec-type draft-dflash --spec-draft-n-max 7 -ngld 99 --color on \
+        -n 256 --temp 0 --top-k 1 --seed 42 -ngl 99 -lv 4
+
+# spec-type draft-dspark
+./bin/llama-speculative-simple \
+        -hf ggml-org/Qwen3-8B-GGUF \
+        -p "Here is a quick sort implementation in C++. Just code, no comments:\n\n#include" \
+        --spec-type draft-dspark --spec-draft-n-max 7 -ngld 99 --color on \
+        -n 256 --temp 0 --top-k 1 --seed 42 -ngl 99 -lv 4
 ```
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include "log.h"
 #include "llama.h"

+#include <algorithm>
 #include <clocale>
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <cstring>
@@ -29,6 +30,11 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
        return 1;
    }

+    const auto output_limits = common_speculative_get_output_limits(
+            params.n_batch, params.n_parallel, common_speculative_n_max(&params.speculative));
+    params.n_outputs_max = output_limits.total;
+    params.n_outputs_max_per_seq = output_limits.per_seq;
+
    // init llama.cpp
    llama_backend_init();
    llama_numa_init(params.numa);
@@ -45,45 +51,23 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {

    const llama_vocab * vocab = llama_model_get_vocab(model_tgt);

-    // load the draft model
-    llama_model_ptr model_dft;
-    llama_context_ptr ctx_dft;
+    // load the draft model (if any) - this also creates the MTP draft context when MTP speculation is enabled
+    common_speculative_init_result_ptr spec_init;

-    // TODO: simplify this logic
    {
-        const auto & params_spec = params.speculative.draft;
+        common_params params_dft = common_base_params_to_speculative(params);

-        auto params_dft = params;
-
-        params_dft.devices      = params_spec.devices;
-        params_dft.model        = params_spec.mparams;
-        params_dft.n_gpu_layers = params_spec.n_gpu_layers;
-
-        if (params_spec.cpuparams.n_threads > 0) {
-            params_dft.cpuparams.n_threads       = params.speculative.draft.cpuparams.n_threads;
-            params_dft.cpuparams_batch.n_threads = params.speculative.draft.cpuparams_batch.n_threads;
-        }
-
-        params_dft.tensor_buft_overrides = params.speculative.draft.tensor_buft_overrides;
-
-        auto mparams_dft = common_model_params_to_llama(params_dft);
-
-        model_dft.reset(llama_model_load_from_file(params_dft.model.path.c_str(), mparams_dft));
-        if (model_dft == nullptr) {
-            LOG_ERR("failed to load draft model, '%s'\n", params_dft.model.path.c_str());
-            return 1;
-        }
-
-        auto cparams = common_context_params_to_llama(params_dft);
-        ctx_dft.reset(llama_init_from_model(model_dft.get(), cparams));
+        spec_init = common_speculative_init_from_params(params_dft, model_tgt, ctx_tgt);

        params.speculative.draft.ctx_tgt = ctx_tgt;
-        params.speculative.draft.ctx_dft = ctx_dft.get();
+        params.speculative.draft.ctx_dft = spec_init->context();
    }

+    llama_context * ctx_dft = params.speculative.draft.ctx_dft;
+
    // check if the context supports partial sequence removal
-    const bool use_ckpt_tgt = (common_context_can_seq_rm(ctx_tgt)       == COMMON_CONTEXT_SEQ_RM_TYPE_FULL);
-    const bool use_ckpt_dft = (common_context_can_seq_rm(ctx_dft.get()) == COMMON_CONTEXT_SEQ_RM_TYPE_FULL);
+    const bool use_ckpt_tgt = common_context_can_seq_rm(ctx_tgt) == COMMON_CONTEXT_SEQ_RM_TYPE_FULL;
+    const bool use_ckpt_dft = common_context_can_seq_rm(ctx_dft) == COMMON_CONTEXT_SEQ_RM_TYPE_FULL;

    if (use_ckpt_tgt) {
        LOG_INF("speculative decoding will use checkpoints (context does not support partial sequence removal)\n");
@@ -129,9 +113,30 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
    // target model sampling context
    common_sampler_ptr smpl(common_sampler_init(model_tgt, params.sampling));

-    // eval the prompt
-    llama_decode(ctx_tgt,       llama_batch_get_one(inp.data(), inp.size() - 1));
-    llama_decode(ctx_dft.get(), llama_batch_get_one(inp.data(), inp.size() - 1));
+    // init the speculator
+    const auto & params_spec = params.speculative;
+
+    struct common_speculative * spec = common_speculative_init(params.speculative, 1);
+
+    if (spec == nullptr) {
+        LOG_ERR("%s", "failed to initialize speculative decoding\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    // eval the prompt on the target and feed it to the speculative implementation(s)
+    {
+        llama_batch batch_prompt = llama_batch_init(inp.size(), 0, 1);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < inp.size() - 1; ++i) {
+            common_batch_add(batch_prompt, inp[i], i, { seq_id }, false);
+        }
+
+        llama_decode(ctx_tgt, batch_prompt);
+
+        if (!common_speculative_process(spec, batch_prompt)) {
+            LOG_ERR("%s", "failed to process speculative prompt\n");
+            return 1;
+        }
+    }

    // note: keep the last token separate!
    llama_token id_last = inp.back();
@@ -142,18 +147,12 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {

    int n_past = inp.size() - 1;

-    // init the speculator
-    const auto & params_spec = params.speculative;
-
-    struct common_speculative * spec = common_speculative_init(params.speculative, 1);
-
    common_speculative_begin(spec, seq_id, prompt_tgt);

    llama_batch batch_tgt = llama_batch_init(llama_n_batch(ctx_tgt), 0, 1);

-    size_t n_draft = 0;
-
    llama_tokens draft;
+
    common_prompt_checkpoint ckpt;

    const auto t_enc_end = ggml_time_us();
@@ -175,13 +174,20 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
                    llama_memory_seq_pos_max(llama_get_memory(ctx_tgt), seq_id));

            if (use_ckpt_dft) {
-                ckpt.update_dft(ctx_dft.get(), seq_id, LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_PARTIAL_ONLY);
+                ckpt.update_dft(ctx_dft, seq_id, LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_PARTIAL_ONLY);
            }

+            // determine the max draft that fits the remaining context and generation budget
+            int n_draft_max = (int) llama_n_ctx(ctx_tgt) - n_past - 2;
+            if (params.n_predict >= 0) {
+                n_draft_max = std::min(n_draft_max, params.n_predict - n_predict - 1);
+            }
+            n_draft_max = std::max(n_draft_max, 0);
+
            // generate a new draft
            common_speculative_get_draft_params(spec, seq_id) = {
                /* .drafting   = */ true,
-                /* .n_max      = */ -1,
+                /* .n_max      = */ n_draft_max,
                /* .n_past     = */ n_past,
                /* .id_last    = */ id_last,
                /* .prompt     = */ &prompt_tgt,
@@ -189,9 +195,6 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
            };
            common_speculative_draft(spec);

-            // save the original draft size
-            n_draft = draft.size();
-
            // save a checkpoint of the target context before evaluating the draft
            // this allows us to restore the state if partial draft acceptance occurs
            if (!draft.empty()) {
@@ -200,10 +203,13 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
                }
            }

-            {
-                ckpt.load_dft(ctx_dft.get(), seq_id, LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_PARTIAL_ONLY);
+            // reset the draft context to the checkpoint before verification
+            if (ctx_dft) {
+                if (use_ckpt_dft) {
+                    ckpt.load_dft(ctx_dft, seq_id, LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_PARTIAL_ONLY);
+                }

-                llama_memory_seq_rm(llama_get_memory(ctx_dft.get()), seq_id, ckpt.pos_max + 1, -1);
+                llama_memory_seq_rm(llama_get_memory(ctx_dft), seq_id, ckpt.pos_max + 1, -1);
            }
        } else {
            // we have a previous (partial) draft to reuse from checkpoint restoration
@@ -227,10 +233,10 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
            llama_decode(ctx_tgt, batch_tgt);
        }

-        // evaluate the same batch with the draft model
-        {
-            // TODO: extend to support MTP, Eagle, etc. See server code for reference
-            llama_decode(ctx_dft.get(), batch_tgt);
+        // feed the batch to the speculative implementation(s) - this drives the draft model, MTP, Eagle3, etc.
+        if (!common_speculative_process(spec, batch_tgt)) {
+            LOG_ERR("%s", "failed to process speculative batch\n");
+            break;
        }

        // only save the sampler sampler state if we use checkpoints
@@ -239,6 +245,9 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
            smpl_save.reset(common_sampler_clone(smpl.get()));
        }

+        // save the size of the draft being verified
+        const size_t n_draft = draft.size();
+
        // sample from the full target batch and return the accepted tokens based on the target sampler
        //
        // for each token to be accepted, the sampler would have to sample that same token
@@ -255,8 +264,8 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
        // check for partial draft acceptance:
        // if the context doesn't support partial sequence removal, restore the checkpoint
        // and make the accepted tokens the new partial draft for the next iteration
-        if (use_ckpt_tgt && ids.size() - 1 < draft.size()) {
-            LOG_DBG("partial acceptance: %zu < %zu, restoring checkpoint\n", ids.size() - 1, draft.size());
+        if (use_ckpt_tgt && ids.size() - 1 < n_draft) {
+            LOG_DBG("partial acceptance: %zu < %zu, restoring checkpoint\n", ids.size() - 1, n_draft);

            draft = std::move(ids);

@@ -266,10 +275,10 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
                llama_memory_seq_rm(llama_get_memory(ctx_tgt), seq_id, ckpt.pos_max + 1, -1);
            }

-            {
-                ckpt.load_dft(ctx_dft.get(), seq_id, LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_PARTIAL_ONLY);
+            if (ctx_dft) {
+                ckpt.load_dft(ctx_dft, seq_id, LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_PARTIAL_ONLY);

-                llama_memory_seq_rm(llama_get_memory(ctx_dft.get()), seq_id, ckpt.pos_max + 1, -1);
+                llama_memory_seq_rm(llama_get_memory(ctx_dft), seq_id, ckpt.pos_max + 1, -1);
            }

            prompt_tgt.resize(ckpt.n_tokens);
@@ -320,8 +329,11 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
        {
            LOG_DBG("clear kv cache from any extra tokens, n_past = %d\n", n_past);

-            llama_memory_seq_rm(llama_get_memory(ctx_tgt),       seq_id, n_past, -1);
-            llama_memory_seq_rm(llama_get_memory(ctx_dft.get()), seq_id, n_past, -1);
+            llama_memory_seq_rm(llama_get_memory(ctx_tgt), seq_id, n_past, -1);
+
+            if (ctx_dft) {
+                llama_memory_seq_rm(llama_get_memory(ctx_dft), seq_id, n_past, -1);
+            }
        }

        if ((params.n_predict >= 0 && n_predict > params.n_predict) || has_eos) {
@@ -347,6 +359,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {

    LOG_INF("\n");
    LOG_INF("draft:\n\n");
+    common_speculative_print_stats(spec);

    LOG_INF("\n");
    LOG_INF("target:\n\n");
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "arg.h"
 #include "common.h"
 #include "sampling.h"
+#include "speculative.h"
 #include "log.h"
 #include "llama.h"

@@ -57,6 +58,11 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
    // max number of parallel drafting sequences (i.e. tree branches)
    const int n_seq_dft = params.n_parallel;

+    const auto output_limits = common_speculative_get_output_limits(
+            params.n_batch, params.n_parallel, params.speculative.draft.n_max);
+    params.n_outputs_max = output_limits.total;
+    params.n_outputs_max_per_seq = output_limits.per_seq;
+
    // probability threshold for splitting a draft branch (only for n_seq_dft > 1)
    const float p_draft_split = params.speculative.draft.p_split;

@@ -83,6 +89,8 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
    params.devices = params.speculative.draft.devices;
    params.model = params.speculative.draft.mparams;
    params.n_gpu_layers = params.speculative.draft.n_gpu_layers;
+    params.n_outputs_max = params.n_parallel;
+    params.n_outputs_max_per_seq = 1;
    if (params.speculative.draft.cpuparams.n_threads > 0) {
        params.cpuparams.n_threads = params.speculative.draft.cpuparams.n_threads;
    }
@@ -154,6 +154,8 @@ extern "C" {
        bool buffer_from_host_ptr;
        // event synchronization
        bool events;
+        // mmap is supported for loading
+        bool mmap_support;
    };

    // all the device properties
@@ -132,6 +132,7 @@ static void ggml_backend_meta_device_get_props(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, ggml_back
        /* .host_buffer           = */ false, // Not implemented.
        /* .buffer_from_host_ptr  = */ false, // Not implemented.
        /* .events                = */ false, // Not implemented.
+        /* .mmap_support          = */ true,
    };
    for (ggml_backend_dev_t simple_dev : meta_dev_ctx->simple_devs) {
        ggml_backend_dev_props tmp_props;
@@ -140,6 +141,7 @@ static void ggml_backend_meta_device_get_props(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, ggml_back
        props->caps.host_buffer          = props->caps.host_buffer          && tmp_props.caps.host_buffer;
        props->caps.buffer_from_host_ptr = props->caps.buffer_from_host_ptr && tmp_props.caps.buffer_from_host_ptr;
        props->caps.events               = props->caps.events               && tmp_props.caps.events;
+        props->caps.mmap_support         = props->caps.mmap_support         && tmp_props.caps.mmap_support;
    }
 }

@@ -367,6 +367,7 @@ static void ggml_backend_blas_device_get_props(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, struct gg
        /* .host_buffer           = */ false,
        /* .buffer_from_host_ptr  = */ true,
        /* .events                = */ false,
+        /* .mmap_support          = */ true,
    };
 }

@@ -2815,6 +2815,7 @@ static void ggml_backend_cann_device_get_props(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, ggml_back
        /* .host_buffer           = */ host_buffer,
        /* .buffer_from_host_ptr  = */ false,
        /* .events                = */ true,
+        /* .mmap_support          = */ true,
    };
 }

@@ -2608,7 +2608,7 @@ static bool ggml_thread_apply_priority(int32_t prio) {
    return true;
 }

-#elif defined(__gnu_linux__)
+#elif defined(__linux__)
 // TODO: this may not work on BSD, to be verified

 static bool ggml_thread_apply_affinity(const bool * mask) {
@@ -397,6 +397,7 @@ static void ggml_backend_cpu_device_get_props(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, struct ggm
        /* .host_buffer           = */ false,
        /* .buffer_from_host_ptr  = */ true,
        /* .events                = */ false,
+        /* .mmap_support          = */ true,
    };
 }

@@ -195,6 +195,7 @@ template <typename BLOC_TYPE, int64_t INTER_SIZE, int64_t NB_COLS> class tensor_
                    case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:
                    case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:
                    case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
                    case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
                    case GGML_TYPE_Q5_K:
                        //case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4:
@@ -214,6 +215,7 @@ template <typename BLOC_TYPE, int64_t INTER_SIZE, int64_t NB_COLS> class tensor_
                    case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:
                    case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:
                    case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
                    case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
                    case GGML_TYPE_Q5_K:
                        //case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4:
@@ -1865,6 +1865,37 @@ static void ggml_cuda_mul_mat(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, const ggml_tensor
    ggml_cuda_mul_mat_cublas(ctx, src0, src1, dst);
 }

+// returns true when ggml_cuda_mul_mat_id takes the fallback path that requires stream synchronization
+// [TAG_MUL_MAT_ID_CUDA_GRAPHS]
+static bool ggml_cuda_mul_mat_id_needs_sync(const ggml_tensor * dst, const int cc) {
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+
+    if (src1->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    if (dst->ne[2] <= MMVQ_MAX_BATCH_SIZE) {
+        if (ggml_is_quantized(src0->type)) {
+            if (dst->ne[2] <= get_mmvq_mmid_max_batch(src0->type, cc)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        } else if (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_AMD(cc)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (ggml_cuda_should_use_mmq(src0->type, cc, src1->ne[2], /*n_experts=*/src0->ne[2])) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (ggml_cuda_should_use_mmf(src0->type, cc, WARP_SIZE, src0->ne, src0->nb, src1->ne[2], /*mul_mat_id=*/true)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
 static void ggml_cuda_mul_mat_id(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
@@ -1907,7 +1938,7 @@ static void ggml_cuda_mul_mat_id(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor *
    }

    // note: this path should not be reached when recording CUDA graphs, because it requires stream synchronization
-    // TODO: add asserts to verify this. should work with CUDA, HIP, etc.
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_cuda_mul_mat_id_needs_sync(dst, cc));
    cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();

    GGML_ASSERT(nb12 % nb11 == 0);
@@ -2522,10 +2553,8 @@ static bool ggml_cuda_graph_check_compability(ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
        // [TAG_MUL_MAT_ID_CUDA_GRAPHS]
        if (node->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID) {
            const int cc = ggml_cuda_info().devices[ggml_cuda_get_device()].cc;
-            const int mmvq_mmid_max = get_mmvq_mmid_max_batch(node->src[0]->type, cc);
-            if (!ggml_is_quantized(node->src[0]->type) || node->ne[2] > mmvq_mmid_max) {
-                // under these conditions, the mul_mat_id operation will need to synchronize the stream, so we cannot use CUDA graphs
-                // TODO: figure out a way to enable for larger batch sizes, without hurting performance
+            if (ggml_cuda_mul_mat_id_needs_sync(node, cc)) {
+                // the mul_mat_id fallback path synchronizes the stream, so we cannot use CUDA graphs
                // ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/18958
                use_cuda_graph = false;
 #ifndef NDEBUG
@@ -4801,6 +4830,7 @@ static void ggml_backend_cuda_device_get_props(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, ggml_back
        /* .host_buffer           = */ host_buffer,
        /* .buffer_from_host_ptr  = */ false,
        /* .events                = */ events,
+        /* .mmap_support          = */ props->type != GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_IGPU,
    };
 }

@@ -5185,7 +5215,7 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cuda_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const g
            return max_bias == 0.0f;
        }
        case GGML_OP_ROLL:
-            if(op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            if(op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0])) {
                return true;
            }
            return false;
@@ -141,6 +141,57 @@ static __global__ void rwkv_wkv7_f32(const int B, const int T, const int C, cons
    }
 }

+template <int rows_per_block>
+static __global__ void __launch_bounds__(WARP_SIZE * rows_per_block, 2)
+rwkv_wkv7_f32_t1_warp_row(const int T, const int C, const int H, const float * r, const float * w, const float * k, const float * v, const float * a, const float * b, const float * s, float * dst) {
+    constexpr int head_size = CUDA_WKV_BLOCK_SIZE;
+    constexpr int half_head = head_size / 2;
+
+    const int lane = threadIdx.x;
+    const int row  = blockIdx.y * rows_per_block + threadIdx.y;
+    const int bid  = blockIdx.x;
+
+    const int batch_i = bid / H;
+    const int head_i  = bid % H;
+    const int state_size = C * head_size;
+    const int head_off = head_i * head_size;
+    const int t = batch_i * C + head_off + row;
+
+    __shared__ float _r[head_size], _w[head_size], _k[head_size], _a[head_size], _b[head_size];
+
+    if (threadIdx.y == 0) {
+        _r[lane] = r[batch_i * C + head_off + lane];
+        _w[lane] = w[batch_i * C + head_off + lane];
+        _k[lane] = k[batch_i * C + head_off + lane];
+        _a[lane] = a[batch_i * C + head_off + lane];
+        _b[lane] = b[batch_i * C + head_off + lane];
+
+        _r[lane + half_head] = r[batch_i * C + head_off + lane + half_head];
+        _w[lane + half_head] = w[batch_i * C + head_off + lane + half_head];
+        _k[lane + half_head] = k[batch_i * C + head_off + lane + half_head];
+        _a[lane + half_head] = a[batch_i * C + head_off + lane + half_head];
+        _b[lane + half_head] = b[batch_i * C + head_off + lane + half_head];
+    }
+    __syncthreads();
+
+    const int64_t state_base = batch_i * state_size + head_i * head_size * head_size + row * head_size;
+    const float s0 = s[state_base + lane];
+    const float s1 = s[state_base + lane + half_head];
+    const float sa = warp_reduce_sum(_a[lane] * s0 + _a[lane + half_head] * s1);
+
+    const float vt  = v[t];
+    const float st0 = s0 * _w[lane]             + _k[lane]             * vt + sa * _b[lane];
+    const float st1 = s1 * _w[lane + half_head] + _k[lane + half_head] * vt + sa * _b[lane + half_head];
+    const float y   = warp_reduce_sum(st0 * _r[lane] + st1 * _r[lane + half_head]);
+
+    dst[T * C + state_base + lane]             = st0;
+    dst[T * C + state_base + lane + half_head] = st1;
+
+    if (lane == 0) {
+        dst[t] = y;
+    }
+}
+
 void ggml_cuda_op_rwkv_wkv6(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
    const float * k_d  = (const float *)dst->src[0]->data;
    const float * v_d  = (const float *)dst->src[1]->data;
@@ -191,7 +242,10 @@ void ggml_cuda_op_rwkv_wkv7(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst)
    GGML_ASSERT(C % H == 0);
    GGML_ASSERT(C / H == CUDA_WKV_BLOCK_SIZE || C / H == CUDA_WKV_BLOCK_SIZE * 2);

-    if (C / H == CUDA_WKV_BLOCK_SIZE) {
+    if (T / B == 1 && C / H == CUDA_WKV_BLOCK_SIZE) {
+        constexpr int rows_per_block = 4;
+        rwkv_wkv7_f32_t1_warp_row<rows_per_block><<<dim3(B * H, CUDA_WKV_BLOCK_SIZE / rows_per_block), dim3(WARP_SIZE, rows_per_block), 0, stream>>>(T, C, H, r_d, w_d, k_d, v_d, a_d, b_d, s_d, dst_d);
+    } else if (C / H == CUDA_WKV_BLOCK_SIZE) {
        rwkv_wkv7_f32<CUDA_WKV_BLOCK_SIZE><<<B * H, C / H, 0, stream>>>(B, T, C, H, r_d, w_d, k_d, v_d, a_d, b_d, s_d, dst_d);
    } else {
        rwkv_wkv7_f32<CUDA_WKV_BLOCK_SIZE * 2><<<B * H, C / H, 0, stream>>>(B, T, C, H, r_d, w_d, k_d, v_d, a_d, b_d, s_d, dst_d);
@@ -1646,6 +1646,7 @@ static void ggml_backend_et_device_get_props(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, struct ggml
        /* .host_buffer           = */ false,
        /* .buffer_from_host_ptr  = */ false,
        /* .events                = */ false,
+        /* .mmap_support          = */ true,
    };
 }

@@ -3930,6 +3930,7 @@ static void ggml_backend_hexagon_device_get_props(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, struct
        /* .host_buffer           = */ (bool) opt_hostbuf,
        /* .buffer_from_host_ptr  = */ false,
        /* .events                = */ false,
+        /* .mmap_support          = */ false,
    };
 }

@@ -1268,8 +1268,9 @@ bool ggml_metal_device_supports_op(ggml_metal_device_t dev, const struct ggml_te
        case GGML_OP_ARGSORT:
        case GGML_OP_TOP_K:
        case GGML_OP_ARANGE:
-        case GGML_OP_ROLL:
            return true;
+        case GGML_OP_ROLL:
+            return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]);
        case GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT:
            // for new head sizes, add checks here
            if (op->src[0]->ne[0] != 32 &&
@@ -681,6 +681,7 @@ static void ggml_backend_metal_device_get_props(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, ggml_bac
        /* .host_buffer          = */ false,
        /* .buffer_from_host_ptr = */ true,
        /* .events               = */ true,
+        /* .mmap_support         = */ true,
    };
 }

@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@ typedef const void * (*get_adreno_bin_kernel_func_t)(
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 bool ggml_cl_compute_forward(ggml_backend_t backend, struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
+
 static bool ggml_cl_is_q4_0_soa(const ggml_tensor * tensor);
 static bool ggml_cl_is_q8_0_soa(const ggml_tensor * tensor);
 static void ggml_cl_mul_mat(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst);
@@ -4629,6 +4630,23 @@ static std::string ggml_opencl_fa_compile_opts(ggml_backend_opencl_context * bac
    if (backend_ctx->adreno_gen == ADRENO_GPU_GEN::X1E) {
        opts += " -D FA_C8_NO_SG_PIN";
    }
+    // Transposed K tile in local memory: the KV rows the QK loop walks together become
+    // adjacent, so a group of them is ONE 128-bit local read instead of several narrow
+    // ones. The QK loop is LDS-read-issue-bound (a wrong-math probe that kept every FMA/dp4a
+    // but removed the LDS reads ran the kernel ~40% faster), so this is worth up to +26% on
+    // fa=1 prefill. Output is bit-identical -- only the layout moves.
+    //
+    // DK <= 128 only. At DK=256 (gemma-3-4b) it measures 1-2% NEGATIVE and reproduces across
+    // rounds; padding the row stride does not recover it, so the cause is not a simple bank
+    // conflict and the wider tile does not want this layout.
+    //
+    // Default on within that gate; GGML_OPENCL_FA_K_LDS_T=0 restores the row-major tile.
+    {
+        const char * e = getenv("GGML_OPENCL_FA_K_LDS_T");
+        if ((e == nullptr || e[0] != '0') && cfg->dk <= 128) {
+            opts += " -D FA_K_LDS_T";
+        }
+    }
    return opts;
 }

@@ -10777,6 +10795,7 @@ static void ggml_backend_opencl_device_get_props(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, struct
        /* .host_buffer           = */ false,
        /* .buffer_from_host_ptr  = */ false,
        /* .events                = */ false,
+        /* .mmap_support          = */ false,
    };
 }

@@ -211,7 +211,30 @@ __kernel void FA_TILE_NAME(

    float slope = get_alibi_slope(max_bias, head_idx, n_head_log2, m0, m1);

+#ifdef FA_K_LDS_T
+    // K tile transposed: [dk vec][kv row] instead of [kv row][dk vec].
+    //
+    // The QK loop walks 2 or 4 KV rows at a time against the same dk element. Row-major
+    // those are DK_VEC half4s apart, so each is its own 64-bit local read. Transposed they
+    // are adjacent, so a pair is one 128-bit read -- half the LDS issues for the same bytes,
+    // no extra registers, arithmetic untouched.
+    //
+    // This kernel looked like it should be FMA-bound (a half4 mad does ~4 ALU ops per LDS
+    // read, unlike the 1:1 of the dp4a loop), but it is NOT: a wrong-math probe that kept
+    // every FMA and removed the LDS reads ran it 38.6% faster (18.92 -> 11.62 ms/op).
+    // Explicitly 16-byte aligned: FA_LK_PAIR below reads two adjacent half4 as one float4,
+    // and the element type only obliges the compiler to align this array to 8. The indices
+    // are even so the offset is a multiple of 16, but the base has to be too, and relying
+    // on the compiler to over-align it is relying on luck.
+    __local KV_DATA_TYPE4 l_k[DK_VEC][BLOCK_N] __attribute__((aligned(16)));
+#define FA_LK(ROW, C) l_k[C][ROW]
+    // Two adjacent KV rows as one 128-bit local read (half4 pair == 16 B). j is even and
+    // BLOCK_N is even, so &l_k[c][j] is 16 B past a 16 B-aligned base.
+#define FA_LK_PAIR(C, J) as_half8(*(__local const float4 *)(&l_k[C][J]))
+#else
    __local KV_DATA_TYPE4 l_k[BLOCK_N][DK_VEC];
+#define FA_LK(ROW, C) l_k[ROW][C]
+#endif
    __local KV_DATA_TYPE4 l_v[BLOCK_N][DV_VEC];

 #if N_SPLIT > 1 && !defined(HAS_SUBGROUP_SHUFFLE)
@@ -254,17 +277,17 @@ __kernel void FA_TILE_NAME(
 #ifdef FA_K_IMG
                if (use_kv_pad) {
                    const ulong k_row_offset = batch_idx * k_tile_nb3 + head_kv_idx * k_tile_nb2 + k_row_idx * k_nb1;
-                    l_k[row][col] = ((__global KV_DATA_TYPE4*)(k_tile_base + k_row_offset))[col];
+                    FA_LK(row, col) = ((__global KV_DATA_TYPE4*)(k_tile_base + k_row_offset))[col];
                } else {
                    const int k_row_px = batch_idx * k_pitch_px_batch + head_kv_idx * k_pitch_px_head + k_row_idx * k_pitch_px_row;
-                    l_k[row][col] = read_imageh(k_img, k_row_px + col);
+                    FA_LK(row, col) = read_imageh(k_img, k_row_px + col);
                }
 #else
                const ulong k_row_offset = batch_idx * k_tile_nb3 + head_kv_idx * k_tile_nb2 + k_row_idx * k_nb1;
-                l_k[row][col] = ((__global KV_DATA_TYPE4*)(k_tile_base + k_row_offset))[col];
+                FA_LK(row, col) = ((__global KV_DATA_TYPE4*)(k_tile_base + k_row_offset))[col];
 #endif
            } else {
-                l_k[row][col] = (KV_DATA_TYPE4)(0.0h);
+                FA_LK(row, col) = (KV_DATA_TYPE4)(0.0h);
            }
        }
        for (int i = tid; i < BLOCK_N * DV_VEC; i += WG_SIZE) {
@@ -292,8 +315,15 @@ __kernel void FA_TILE_NAME(
                FA_UNROLL
                for (int k = 0; k < SPLIT_DK_VEC; k++) {
                    const ACC_TYPE4 qk = q_priv[k];
+#if defined(FA_K_LDS_T)
+                    // 2 KV rows adjacent in the transposed tile: one 128-bit local read.
+                    const half8 kk = FA_LK_PAIR(dk_off + k, j);
+                    ACC_TYPE4 dot0 = qk * CONVERT_KV_ACC4(kk.lo);
+                    ACC_TYPE4 dot1 = qk * CONVERT_KV_ACC4(kk.hi);
+#else
                    ACC_TYPE4 dot0 = qk * CONVERT_KV_ACC4(l_k[j  ][dk_off + k]);
                    ACC_TYPE4 dot1 = qk * CONVERT_KV_ACC4(l_k[j+1][dk_off + k]);
+#endif
                    partial0 += dot0.s0 + dot0.s1 + dot0.s2 + dot0.s3;
                    partial1 += dot1.s0 + dot1.s1 + dot1.s2 + dot1.s3;
                }
@@ -359,7 +389,7 @@ __kernel void FA_TILE_NAME(
            ACC_TYPE4 dot_acc = (ACC_TYPE4)(0.0f);
            FA_UNROLL
            for (int k = 0; k < SPLIT_DK_VEC; k++) {
-                dot_acc = mad(q_priv[k], CONVERT_KV_ACC4(l_k[j][dk_off + k]), dot_acc);
+                dot_acc = mad(q_priv[k], CONVERT_KV_ACC4(FA_LK(j, dk_off + k)), dot_acc);
            }
            local_partial[j][tid] =
                dot_acc.s0 + dot_acc.s1 + dot_acc.s2 + dot_acc.s3;
@@ -452,10 +482,21 @@ __kernel void FA_TILE_NAME(
                FA_UNROLL
                for (int k = 0; k < DK_VEC; k++) {
                    const ACC_TYPE4 qk = q_priv[k];
+#if defined(FA_K_LDS_T)
+                    // 4 KV rows adjacent in the transposed tile: two 128-bit local reads
+                    // instead of four 64-bit ones.
+                    const half8 kk01 = FA_LK_PAIR(k, j);
+                    const half8 kk23 = FA_LK_PAIR(k, j + 2);
+                    dot_acc0 = mad(qk, CONVERT_KV_ACC4(kk01.lo), dot_acc0);
+                    dot_acc1 = mad(qk, CONVERT_KV_ACC4(kk01.hi), dot_acc1);
+                    dot_acc2 = mad(qk, CONVERT_KV_ACC4(kk23.lo), dot_acc2);
+                    dot_acc3 = mad(qk, CONVERT_KV_ACC4(kk23.hi), dot_acc3);
+#else
                    dot_acc0 = mad(qk, CONVERT_KV_ACC4(l_k[j][k]),   dot_acc0);
                    dot_acc1 = mad(qk, CONVERT_KV_ACC4(l_k[j+1][k]), dot_acc1);
                    dot_acc2 = mad(qk, CONVERT_KV_ACC4(l_k[j+2][k]), dot_acc2);
                    dot_acc3 = mad(qk, CONVERT_KV_ACC4(l_k[j+3][k]), dot_acc3);
+#endif
                }
                ACC_TYPE s0 = (dot_acc0.s0 + dot_acc0.s1 + dot_acc0.s2 + dot_acc0.s3) * scale;
                ACC_TYPE s1 = (dot_acc1.s0 + dot_acc1.s1 + dot_acc1.s2 + dot_acc1.s3) * scale;
@@ -1631,8 +1631,25 @@ __kernel void flash_attn_f32_q4_0(
    float slope = get_alibi_slope(max_bias, head_idx, n_head_log2, m0, m1);

 #ifdef FA_HAVE_INT_DOT
+// Accessors so the staging code is layout-agnostic.
+#ifdef FA_K_LDS_T
+#define FA_K_PACKED(ROW, IDX) l_k_packed[IDX][ROW]
+#define FA_K_SCALE(ROW, BLK)  l_k_scale[BLK][ROW]
+#else
+#define FA_K_PACKED(ROW, IDX) l_k_packed[ROW][IDX]
+#define FA_K_SCALE(ROW, BLK)  l_k_scale[ROW][BLK]
+#endif
+
+#ifdef FA_K_LDS_T
+    // K tile transposed: the 4 KV rows the QK loop walks together become adjacent, so each
+    // (block, group) step is ONE 128-bit local read instead of four 32-bit ones. The QK
+    // loop is LDS-read-issue-bound.
+    __local uint  l_k_packed[DK_Q4_BLOCKS_PREFILL * 8][BLOCK_N];
+    __local float l_k_scale [DK_Q4_BLOCKS_PREFILL][BLOCK_N];
+#else
    __local uint  l_k_packed[BLOCK_N][DK_Q4_BLOCKS_PREFILL * 8];
    __local float l_k_scale [BLOCK_N][DK_Q4_BLOCKS_PREFILL];
+#endif
 #else
    __local half4 l_k[BLOCK_N][DK_VEC];
 #endif
@@ -1660,17 +1677,17 @@ __kernel void flash_attn_f32_q4_0(
                    const global char * blk_ptr = k_base + k_row_off + blk * Q4_0_BLOCK_SIZE;
                    const float df = (float) vload_half(0, (const global half *) blk_ptr);
                    const global uchar * qs = (const global uchar *)(blk_ptr + 2);
-                    l_k_scale[row][blk] = df;
+                    FA_K_SCALE(row, blk) = df;
                    uint k_packed[8];
                    pack_q4_0_nibbles(qs, k_packed);
                    #pragma unroll
                    for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
-                        l_k_packed[row][blk * 8 + j] = k_packed[j];
+                        FA_K_PACKED(row, blk * 8 + j) = k_packed[j];
                    }
                } else {
-                    l_k_scale[row][blk] = 0.0f;
+                    FA_K_SCALE(row, blk) = 0.0f;
                    #pragma unroll
-                    for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) l_k_packed[row][blk * 8 + j] = 0u;
+                    for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) FA_K_PACKED(row, blk * 8 + j) = 0u;
                }
            }
 #else
@@ -1760,6 +1777,19 @@ __kernel void flash_attn_f32_q4_0(
                for (int b_local = 0; b_local < SPLIT_DK_Q4_BLOCKS; ++b_local) {
                    const int b = k_blk_base + b_local;
                    int sum0 = 0, sum1 = 0, sum2 = 0, sum3 = 0;
+#ifdef FA_K_LDS_T
+                    // 4 KV rows are adjacent in the transposed tile: one 128-bit local
+                    // read per (block, group) instead of four 32-bit ones.
+                    #pragma unroll
+                    for (int g = 0; g < 8; ++g) {
+                        const uint  qp  = q_packed_pf[b_local * 8 + g];
+                        const uint4 kq4 = vload4(0, &l_k_packed[b * 8 + g][j]);
+                        sum0 = dot_acc_sat_4x8packed_ss_int(qp, kq4.s0, sum0);
+                        sum1 = dot_acc_sat_4x8packed_ss_int(qp, kq4.s1, sum1);
+                        sum2 = dot_acc_sat_4x8packed_ss_int(qp, kq4.s2, sum2);
+                        sum3 = dot_acc_sat_4x8packed_ss_int(qp, kq4.s3, sum3);
+                    }
+#else
                    #pragma unroll
                    for (int g = 0; g < 8; ++g) {
                        const uint qp = q_packed_pf[b_local * 8 + g];
@@ -1768,12 +1798,21 @@ __kernel void flash_attn_f32_q4_0(
                        sum2 = dot_acc_sat_4x8packed_ss_int(qp, l_k_packed[j+2][b * 8 + g], sum2);
                        sum3 = dot_acc_sat_4x8packed_ss_int(qp, l_k_packed[j+3][b * 8 + g], sum3);
                    }
+#endif
                    const float qd    = q_d_pf[b_local];
                    const int   q_sum = q_sum_pf[b_local];
+#ifdef FA_K_LDS_T
+                    const float4 ks4 = vload4(0, &l_k_scale[b][j]);
+                    s0 += (float)(sum0 - 8 * q_sum) * qd * ks4.s0;
+                    s1 += (float)(sum1 - 8 * q_sum) * qd * ks4.s1;
+                    s2 += (float)(sum2 - 8 * q_sum) * qd * ks4.s2;
+                    s3 += (float)(sum3 - 8 * q_sum) * qd * ks4.s3;
+#else
                    s0 += (float)(sum0 - 8 * q_sum) * qd * l_k_scale[j  ][b];
                    s1 += (float)(sum1 - 8 * q_sum) * qd * l_k_scale[j+1][b];
                    s2 += (float)(sum2 - 8 * q_sum) * qd * l_k_scale[j+2][b];
                    s3 += (float)(sum3 - 8 * q_sum) * qd * l_k_scale[j+3][b];
+#endif
                }
 #else
                ACC_TYPE4 dot_acc0 = (ACC_TYPE4)(0.0f);
@@ -1393,8 +1393,31 @@ __kernel void flash_attn_f32_q8_0(
    float slope = get_alibi_slope(max_bias, head_idx, n_head_log2, m0, m1);

 #ifdef FA_HAVE_INT_DOT
+// Accessors so the staging code is layout-agnostic.
+#ifdef FA_K_LDS_T
+#define FA_K_PACKED(ROW, IDX) l_k_packed[IDX][ROW]
+#define FA_K_SCALE(ROW, BLK)  l_k_scale[BLK][ROW]
+#else
+#define FA_K_PACKED(ROW, IDX) l_k_packed[ROW][IDX]
+#define FA_K_SCALE(ROW, BLK)  l_k_scale[ROW][BLK]
+#endif
+
+#ifdef FA_K_LDS_T
+    // K tile transposed: [block*8 + g][kv row] instead of [kv row][block*8 + g].
+    //
+    // The QK loop walks 4 KV rows at a time against the same (b, g), so in the original
+    // layout those 4 values are BLOCK_N*8 uints apart and cost 4 separate 32-bit local
+    // reads. Transposed they are adjacent, so they are one 128-bit read -- 4x fewer LDS
+    // issues for the same bytes and no extra registers. That matters because the QK loop
+    // is LDS-read-issue-bound: a wrong-math probe that kept every dp4a but cut the LDS
+    // reads ran the whole kernel 41% faster (18.51 -> 10.91 ms/op), and deleting QK
+    // outright only reached 10.88 -- i.e. essentially ALL of QK's cost is these reads.
+    __local uint  l_k_packed[DK_Q8_BLOCKS_PREFILL * 8][BLOCK_N];
+    __local float l_k_scale [DK_Q8_BLOCKS_PREFILL][BLOCK_N];
+#else
    __local uint  l_k_packed[BLOCK_N][DK_Q8_BLOCKS_PREFILL * 8];
    __local float l_k_scale [BLOCK_N][DK_Q8_BLOCKS_PREFILL];
+#endif
 #else
    __local half4 l_k[BLOCK_N][DK_VEC];
 #endif
@@ -1427,7 +1450,7 @@ __kernel void flash_attn_f32_q8_0(
                    const global char * blk_ptr = k_base + k_row_off + blk * Q8_0_BLOCK_SIZE;
                    const float df = (float) vload_half(0, (const global half *) blk_ptr);
                    const global uchar * qs = (const global uchar *)(blk_ptr + 2);
-                    l_k_scale[row][blk] = df;
+                    FA_K_SCALE(row, blk) = df;
                    #pragma unroll
                    for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
                        uint k_packed =
@@ -1435,12 +1458,12 @@ __kernel void flash_attn_f32_q8_0(
                             ((uint) qs[j*4 + 1]) <<  8 |
                             ((uint) qs[j*4 + 2]) << 16 |
                             ((uint) qs[j*4 + 3]) << 24;
-                        l_k_packed[row][blk * 8 + j] = k_packed;
+                        FA_K_PACKED(row, blk * 8 + j) = k_packed;
                    }
                } else {
-                    l_k_scale[row][blk] = 0.0f;
+                    FA_K_SCALE(row, blk) = 0.0f;
                    #pragma unroll
-                    for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) l_k_packed[row][blk * 8 + j] = 0u;
+                    for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) FA_K_PACKED(row, blk * 8 + j) = 0u;
                }
            }
 #else
@@ -1556,6 +1579,19 @@ __kernel void flash_attn_f32_q8_0(
                for (int b_local = 0; b_local < SPLIT_DK_Q8_BLOCKS; ++b_local) {
                    const int b = k_blk_base + b_local;
                    int sum0 = 0, sum1 = 0, sum2 = 0, sum3 = 0;
+#if defined(FA_K_LDS_T)
+                    // The 4 KV rows are adjacent in the transposed tile, so each (b, g)
+                    // step is ONE 128-bit local read instead of four 32-bit ones.
+                    #pragma unroll
+                    for (int g = 0; g < 8; ++g) {
+                        const uint qp = q_packed_pf[b_local * 8 + g];
+                        const uint4 kq4 = vload4(0, &l_k_packed[b * 8 + g][j]);
+                        sum0 = dot_acc_sat_4x8packed_ss_int(qp, kq4.s0, sum0);
+                        sum1 = dot_acc_sat_4x8packed_ss_int(qp, kq4.s1, sum1);
+                        sum2 = dot_acc_sat_4x8packed_ss_int(qp, kq4.s2, sum2);
+                        sum3 = dot_acc_sat_4x8packed_ss_int(qp, kq4.s3, sum3);
+                    }
+#else
                    #pragma unroll
                    for (int g = 0; g < 8; ++g) {
                        const uint qp = q_packed_pf[b_local * 8 + g];
@@ -1564,11 +1600,20 @@ __kernel void flash_attn_f32_q8_0(
                        sum2 = dot_acc_sat_4x8packed_ss_int(qp, l_k_packed[j+2][b * 8 + g], sum2);
                        sum3 = dot_acc_sat_4x8packed_ss_int(qp, l_k_packed[j+3][b * 8 + g], sum3);
                    }
+#endif
                    const float qd = q_d_pf[b_local];
+#ifdef FA_K_LDS_T
+                    const float4 ks4 = vload4(0, &l_k_scale[b][j]);
+                    s0 += (float)sum0 * qd * ks4.s0;
+                    s1 += (float)sum1 * qd * ks4.s1;
+                    s2 += (float)sum2 * qd * ks4.s2;
+                    s3 += (float)sum3 * qd * ks4.s3;
+#else
                    s0 += (float)sum0 * qd * l_k_scale[j  ][b];
                    s1 += (float)sum1 * qd * l_k_scale[j+1][b];
                    s2 += (float)sum2 * qd * l_k_scale[j+2][b];
                    s3 += (float)sum3 * qd * l_k_scale[j+3][b];
+#endif
                }
 #else
                ACC_TYPE4 dot_acc0 = (ACC_TYPE4)(0.0f);
@@ -763,6 +763,7 @@ static void ggml_backend_openvino_device_get_props(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, ggml_
        /* .host_buffer           = */ false,
        /* .buffer_from_host_ptr  = */ false,
        /* .events                = */ false,
+        /* .mmap_support          = */ true,
    };
 }

@@ -1881,6 +1881,7 @@ static void ggml_backend_rpc_device_get_props(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, struct ggm
        /* .host_buffer           = */ false,
        /* .buffer_from_host_ptr  = */ false,
        /* .events                = */ false,
+        /* .mmap_support          = */ true,
    };
 }

@@ -5649,6 +5649,7 @@ static void ggml_backend_sycl_device_get_props(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, ggml_back
        /* .host_buffer           = */ host_buffer,
        /* .buffer_from_host_ptr  = */ false,
        /* .events                = */ events,
+        /* .mmap_support          = */ true,
    };
 }

@@ -111,6 +111,7 @@ uint32_t backend_device_get_props(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_
    apir_encode_bool_t(enc, &props.caps.host_buffer);
    apir_encode_bool_t(enc, &props.caps.buffer_from_host_ptr);
    apir_encode_bool_t(enc, &props.caps.events);
+    apir_encode_bool_t(enc, &props.caps.mmap_support);

    return 0;
 }
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 #include <cstdint>

 #define APIR_PROTOCOL_MAJOR 0
-#define APIR_PROTOCOL_MINOR 1
+#define APIR_PROTOCOL_MINOR 2

 #define APIR_HANDSHAKE_MAGIC 0xab1e

@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(ggml

    context->gpu = gpu;

-    bool async__unused, host_buffer__unused, events__unused;
+    bool async__unused, host_buffer__unused, events__unused, mmap_support__unused;
    bool buffer_from_host_ptr;
-    apir_device_get_props(gpu, &async__unused, &host_buffer__unused, &buffer_from_host_ptr, &events__unused);
+    apir_device_get_props(gpu, &async__unused, &host_buffer__unused, &buffer_from_host_ptr, &events__unused, &mmap_support__unused);

    if (buffer_from_host_ptr) {
        context->apir_context = apir_device_buffer_from_ptr(gpu, size, size);
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ static void ggml_backend_remoting_device_get_props(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, ggml_

    virtgpu * gpu = DEV_TO_GPU(dev);
    apir_device_get_props(gpu, &props->caps.async, &props->caps.host_buffer, &props->caps.buffer_from_host_ptr,
-                          &props->caps.events);
+                          &props->caps.events, &props->caps.mmap_support);

    props->caps.buffer_from_host_ptr = false;
    props->caps.async                = false;
@@ -144,7 +144,8 @@ void apir_device_get_props(virtgpu * gpu,
                           bool *    async,
                           bool *    host_buffer,
                           bool *    buffer_from_host_ptr,
-                           bool *    events) {
+                           bool *    events,
+                           bool *    mmap_support) {
    apir_encoder *        encoder;
    apir_decoder *        decoder;
    ApirForwardReturnCode ret;
@@ -157,6 +158,7 @@ void apir_device_get_props(virtgpu * gpu,
    apir_decode_bool_t(decoder, host_buffer);
    apir_decode_bool_t(decoder, buffer_from_host_ptr);
    apir_decode_bool_t(decoder, events);
+    apir_decode_bool_t(decoder, mmap_support);

    remote_call_finish(gpu, encoder, decoder);

@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ void                           apir_device_get_props(struct virtgpu * gpu,
                                                     bool *           async,
                                                     bool *           host_buffer,
                                                     bool *           buffer_from_host_ptr,
-                                                     bool *           events);
+                                                     bool *           events,
+                                                     bool *           mmap_support);
 apir_buffer_context_t          apir_device_buffer_from_ptr(struct virtgpu * gpu, size_t size, size_t max_tensor_size);

 /* buffer-type */
@@ -17891,6 +17891,7 @@ static void ggml_backend_vk_device_get_props(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, struct ggml
        /* .host_buffer           = */ true,
        /* .buffer_from_host_ptr  = */ false,
        /* .events                = */ true,
+        /* .mmap_support          = */ !ctx->is_integrated_gpu,
    };
 }

@@ -2815,11 +2815,25 @@ class ggml_webgpu_shader_lib {
        key.common.v_direct &= decisions.use_sg_matrix && key.common.v_type == GGML_TYPE_F16;
        key.use_sg_matrix = decisions.use_sg_matrix;

-        const uint32_t max_kv_tile = ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_max_kv_tile(
+        uint32_t max_kv_tile = ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_max_kv_tile(
            context.wg_mem_limit_bytes, decisions.q_tile, decisions.use_sg_matrix ? context.sg_mat_n : 1u,
            key.common.head_dim_qk, key.common.head_dim_v, key.common.has_mask,
            key.common.k_direct || key.common.v_direct);
-        GGML_ASSERT(max_kv_tile > 0);
+
+        // WorkGroup storage size isn't enough for some params with subgroup matrices path (ref. https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/26566)
+        if (max_kv_tile == 0) {
+            GGML_ASSERT(decisions.use_sg_matrix);
+            // switch to flash_attn_reg_tile path
+            decisions.use_sg_matrix = false;
+            decisions.q_tile        = GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_TILE_Q_TILE;
+            key.common.k_direct     = false;
+            key.common.v_direct     = false;
+            key.use_sg_matrix       = false;
+            max_kv_tile             = ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_max_kv_tile(
+                context.wg_mem_limit_bytes, decisions.q_tile, 1u, key.common.head_dim_qk, key.common.head_dim_v,
+                key.common.has_mask, key.common.k_direct || key.common.v_direct);
+            GGML_ASSERT(max_kv_tile > 0);
+        }

        decisions.kv_tile = decisions.use_sg_matrix ?
                                std::min(max_kv_tile, context.sg_mat_n * GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_PREFERRED_KV_SG_TILES) :
@@ -2993,6 +3007,10 @@ class ggml_webgpu_shader_lib {
                defines.push_back("SRC_F16");
                variant += "_f16";
                break;
+            case GGML_TYPE_I32:
+                defines.push_back("SRC_I32");
+                variant += "_i32";
+                break;
            default:
                GGML_ABORT("Unsupported src type for cpy shader");
        }
@@ -3221,17 +3239,17 @@ class ggml_webgpu_shader_lib {
        auto push_type_defines = [&](const char * prefix, ggml_type type) {
            std::string s_prefix = prefix;
            if (type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-                defines.push_back(s_prefix + "_F32");
+                defines.push_back(s_prefix + "=f32");
            } else if (type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-                defines.push_back(s_prefix + "_F16");
+                defines.push_back(s_prefix + "=f16");
            } else {
                GGML_ABORT("Unsupported type for CONV_2D shader");
            }
        };

-        push_type_defines("WEIGHT", key.weight_type);
-        push_type_defines("INPUT", key.input_type);
-        push_type_defines("OUTPUT", key.output_type);
+        push_type_defines("WEIGHT_TYPE", key.weight_type);
+        push_type_defines("INPUT_TYPE", key.input_type);
+        push_type_defines("OUTPUT_TYPE", key.output_type);

        defines.push_back(std::string("WG_SIZE=") + std::to_string(context.max_wg_size));

@@ -3263,17 +3281,18 @@ class ggml_webgpu_shader_lib {
        auto push_type_defines = [&](const char * prefix, ggml_type type) {
            std::string s_prefix = prefix;
            if (type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-                defines.push_back(s_prefix + "_F32");
+                defines.push_back(s_prefix + "=f32");
            } else if (type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-                defines.push_back(s_prefix + "_F16");
+                defines.push_back(s_prefix + "=f16");
            } else {
-                GGML_ABORT("Unsupported type for CONV_2D_DW shader");
+                GGML_ABORT("Unsupported type for CONV_2D shader");
            }
        };

-        push_type_defines("WEIGHT", key.weight_type);
-        push_type_defines("INPUT", key.input_type);
-        push_type_defines("OUTPUT", key.output_type);
+        push_type_defines("WEIGHT_TYPE", key.weight_type);
+        push_type_defines("INPUT_TYPE", key.input_type);
+        push_type_defines("OUTPUT_TYPE", key.output_type);
+
        if (whcn) {
            defines.push_back("WHCN");
        }
@@ -3304,16 +3323,16 @@ class ggml_webgpu_shader_lib {
        auto push_type_defines = [&](const char * prefix, ggml_type type) {
            std::string s_prefix = prefix;
            if (type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-                defines.push_back(s_prefix + "_F32");
+                defines.push_back(s_prefix + "=f32");
            } else if (type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-                defines.push_back(s_prefix + "_F16");
+                defines.push_back(s_prefix + "=f16");
            } else {
                GGML_ABORT("Unsupported type for IM2COL shader");
            }
        };

-        push_type_defines("INPUT", key.input_type);
-        push_type_defines("OUTPUT", key.output_type);
+        push_type_defines("INPUT_TYPE", key.input_type);
+        push_type_defines("OUTPUT_TYPE", key.output_type);

        defines.push_back(std::string("WG_SIZE=") + std::to_string(context.max_wg_size));

@@ -930,7 +930,6 @@ static webgpu_encoded_op ggml_webgpu_solve_tri(webgpu_context & ctx,

        (uint32_t) src1->ne[0],
        (uint32_t) dst->ne[2],
-        (uint32_t) dst->ne[3],
    };

    std::vector<wgpu::BindGroupEntry> entries = {
@@ -1039,7 +1038,6 @@ static webgpu_encoded_op ggml_webgpu_conv_2d_dw(webgpu_context & ctx,

        (uint32_t) ggml_nelements(dst),
        (uint32_t) dst->ne[2],
-        (uint32_t) dst->ne[3],
        (uint32_t) dst->ne[0],
        (uint32_t) dst->ne[1],
        (uint32_t) src1->ne[0],
@@ -1328,7 +1326,6 @@ static webgpu_encoded_op ggml_webgpu_ssm_scan(webgpu_context & ctx,
        (uint32_t) src0->ne[2],
        (uint32_t) src4->ne[1],
        (uint32_t) src1->ne[2],
-        (uint32_t) src1->ne[3],
        (uint32_t) ggml_nelements(src1),
    };

@@ -1921,25 +1918,20 @@ static bool ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_use_vec_path(const webgpu_global_context & gl
                                                const ggml_tensor *           K,
                                                const ggml_tensor *           V) {
    const size_t storage_offset_alignment = global_ctx->capabilities.limits.minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment;
-    const bool   k_float_vec4_aligned     = (K->type != GGML_TYPE_F16 && K->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) ||
-                                            ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_float_vec4_aligned(K, storage_offset_alignment);
-    const bool   v_float_vec4_aligned     = (V->type != GGML_TYPE_F16 && V->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) ||
-                                            ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_float_vec4_aligned(V, storage_offset_alignment);
-    const bool   k_vec_type_supported =
-        K->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || K->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || K->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0 || K->type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0;
-    const bool v_vec_type_supported =
-        V->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || V->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || V->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0 || V->type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0;
-    const uint32_t k_vec_head_align         = (K->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || K->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) ?
-                                                  GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_TILE_KV_VEC_WIDTH :
-                                                  (uint32_t) ggml_blck_size(K->type);
-    const uint32_t v_vec_head_align         = (V->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || V->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) ?
-                                                  GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_TILE_KV_VEC_WIDTH :
-                                                  (uint32_t) ggml_blck_size(V->type);
-    const bool     kv_vec_head_dims_aligned = Q->ne[0] % k_vec_head_align == 0 && V->ne[0] % v_vec_head_align == 0;
+
+    const bool k_float_vec4_aligned = (K->type != GGML_TYPE_F16 && K->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) ||
+                                      ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_float_vec4_aligned(K, storage_offset_alignment);
+    const bool v_float_vec4_aligned = (V->type != GGML_TYPE_F16 && V->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) ||
+                                      ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_float_vec4_aligned(V, storage_offset_alignment);
+
+    const uint32_t k_vec_head_align =
+        ggml_is_quantized(K->type) ? ggml_blck_size(K->type) : GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_TILE_KV_VEC_WIDTH;
+    const uint32_t v_vec_head_align =
+        ggml_is_quantized(V->type) ? ggml_blck_size(V->type) : GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_TILE_KV_VEC_WIDTH;
+    const bool kv_vec_head_dims_aligned = Q->ne[0] % k_vec_head_align == 0 && V->ne[0] % v_vec_head_align == 0;

    return global_ctx->capabilities.supports_subgroups && (Q->ne[1] < GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_VEC_MAX_SEQ_LEN) &&
-           kv_vec_head_dims_aligned && k_vec_type_supported && v_vec_type_supported && k_float_vec4_aligned &&
-           v_float_vec4_aligned;
+           kv_vec_head_dims_aligned && k_float_vec4_aligned && v_float_vec4_aligned;
 }

 static ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_op ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_prepare(webgpu_context & ctx,
@@ -2514,7 +2506,6 @@ static webgpu_encoded_op ggml_webgpu_concat(webgpu_context & ctx,
                                     (uint32_t) dst->ne[0],
                                     (uint32_t) dst->ne[1],
                                     (uint32_t) dst->ne[2],
-                                     (uint32_t) dst->ne[3],
                                     dim,
                                     (uint32_t) src0->ne[dim] };

@@ -2610,7 +2601,6 @@ static std::optional<webgpu_encoded_op> ggml_webgpu_rms_norm_mul(webgpu_context
        (uint32_t) dst->ne[0],
        (uint32_t) dst->ne[1],
        (uint32_t) dst->ne[2],
-        (uint32_t) dst->ne[3],
        ggml_webgpu_u32_from_f32(ggml_get_op_params_f32(rn_dst, 0))  // epsilon, treated as f32 in the shader
    };

@@ -2666,7 +2656,6 @@ static webgpu_encoded_op ggml_webgpu_row_norm(webgpu_context & ctx, ggml_tensor
        (uint32_t) src->ne[0],
        (uint32_t) src->ne[1],
        (uint32_t) src->ne[2],
-        (uint32_t) src->ne[3],
        ggml_webgpu_u32_from_f32(ggml_get_op_params_f32(dst, 0))  // epsilon, treated as f32 in the shader
    };

@@ -2925,7 +2914,6 @@ static webgpu_encoded_op ggml_webgpu_soft_max(webgpu_context & ctx,
        (uint32_t) (dst->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(dst->type)),
        (uint32_t) (dst->nb[2] / ggml_type_size(dst->type)),
        (uint32_t) (dst->nb[3] / ggml_type_size(dst->type)),
-        (uint32_t) ggml_nelements(dst),
        (uint32_t) src0->ne[0],
        (uint32_t) src0->ne[1],
        (uint32_t) src0->ne[2],
@@ -3954,6 +3942,7 @@ static void ggml_backend_webgpu_device_get_props(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, struct
        /* .host_buffer           = */ false,
        /* .buffer_from_host_ptr  = */ false,
        /* .events                = */ false,
+        /* .mmap_support          = */ true,
    };
 }

@@ -4295,9 +4284,8 @@ static bool ggml_backend_webgpu_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const
            break;
        case GGML_OP_CPY:
        case GGML_OP_CONT:
-            supports_op = ((op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || op->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) &&
-                           (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16)) ||
-                          (op->type == GGML_TYPE_I32 && src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+            supports_op = (op->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || op->type == GGML_TYPE_I32) &&
+                          (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_I32);
            break;
        case GGML_OP_SET:
            supports_op = src0->type == src1->type && src0->type == op->type &&
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ struct Params {
    ne0: u32,
    ne1: u32,
    ne2: u32,
-    ne3: u32,

    dim: u32,
    src0_nedim: u32
@@ -2,25 +2,11 @@
 enable f16;

@group(0) @binding(0)
-#if defined(WEIGHT_F32)
-var<storage, read_write> weights: array<f32>;
-#elif defined(WEIGHT_F16)
-var<storage, read_write> weights: array<f16>;
-#endif
-
+var<storage, read_write> weights: array<WEIGHT_TYPE>;
@group(0) @binding(1)
-#if defined(INPUT_F32)
-var<storage, read_write> input: array<f32>;
-#elif defined(INPUT_F16)
-var<storage, read_write> input: array<f16>;
-#endif
-
+var<storage, read_write> input: array<INPUT_TYPE>;
@group(0) @binding(2)
-#if defined(OUTPUT_F32)
-var<storage, read_write> output: array<f32>;
-#elif defined(OUTPUT_F16)
-var<storage, read_write> output: array<f16>;
-#endif
+var<storage, read_write> output: array<OUTPUT_TYPE>;

 struct Params {
    offset_w: u32,
@@ -50,30 +36,6 @@ struct Params {
@group(0) @binding(3)
 var<uniform> params: Params;

-fn load_weight(idx: u32) -> f32 {
-    #if defined(WEIGHT_F32)
-        return weights[idx];
-    #elif defined(WEIGHT_F16)
-        return f32(weights[idx]);
-    #endif
-}
-
-fn load_input(idx: u32) -> f32 {
-    #if defined(INPUT_F32)
-        return input[idx];
-    #elif defined(INPUT_F16)
-        return f32(input[idx]);
-    #endif
-}
-
-fn store_output(idx: u32, val: f32) {
-    #if defined(OUTPUT_F32)
-        output[idx] = val;
-    #elif defined(OUTPUT_F16)
-        output[idx] = f16(val);
-    #endif
-}
-
 fn ceil_div_u32(x: u32, y: u32) -> u32 {
    return (x + y - 1) / y;
 }
@@ -136,7 +98,7 @@ fn main(
    // entire receptive field is out of bounds
    if (kw_begin >= kw_end || kh_begin >= kh_end) {
        let out_idx = params.offset_o + ow * params.so0 + oh * params.so1 + oc * params.so2 + n * params.so3;
-        store_output(out_idx, 0.0);
+        output[out_idx] = OUTPUT_TYPE(0.0);
        return;
    }

@@ -155,11 +117,11 @@ fn main(
                let iw = u32(ow_base + i32(kw * params.d0));
                let w_idx = w_row_base + kw * params.sw0;
                let in_idx = in_row_base + iw * params.si0;
-                sum += load_weight(w_idx) * load_input(in_idx);
+                sum += f32(weights[w_idx]) * f32(input[in_idx]);
            }
        }
    }

    let out_idx = params.offset_o + ow * params.so0 + oh * params.so1 + oc * params.so2 + n * params.so3;
-    store_output(out_idx, sum);
+    output[out_idx] = OUTPUT_TYPE(sum);
 }
@@ -6,25 +6,11 @@ enable f16;
 // weight (src0) is [KW,KH,1,C]; output matches the input layout.

@group(0) @binding(0)
-#if defined(WEIGHT_F32)
-var<storage, read_write> weights: array<f32>;
-#elif defined(WEIGHT_F16)
-var<storage, read_write> weights: array<f16>;
-#endif
-
+var<storage, read_write> weights: array<WEIGHT_TYPE>;
@group(0) @binding(1)
-#if defined(INPUT_F32)
-var<storage, read_write> input: array<f32>;
-#elif defined(INPUT_F16)
-var<storage, read_write> input: array<f16>;
-#endif
-
+var<storage, read_write> input: array<INPUT_TYPE>;
@group(0) @binding(2)
-#if defined(OUTPUT_F32)
-var<storage, read_write> output: array<f32>;
-#elif defined(OUTPUT_F16)
-var<storage, read_write> output: array<f16>;
-#endif
+var<storage, read_write> output: array<OUTPUT_TYPE>;

 struct Params {
    offset_w: u32,
@@ -33,7 +19,6 @@ struct Params {

    ne: u32,
    channels: u32,
-    batches: u32,
    dst_w: u32, dst_h: u32,
    src_w: u32, src_h: u32,
    knl_w: u32, knl_h: u32,
@@ -46,28 +31,6 @@ struct Params {
@group(0) @binding(3)
 var<uniform> params: Params;

-fn load_weight(idx: u32) -> f32 {
-    #if defined(WEIGHT_F32)
-        return weights[idx];
-    #elif defined(WEIGHT_F16)
-        return f32(weights[idx]);
-    #endif
-}
-fn load_input(idx: u32) -> f32 {
-    #if defined(INPUT_F32)
-        return input[idx];
-    #elif defined(INPUT_F16)
-        return f32(input[idx]);
-    #endif
-}
-fn store_output(idx: u32, val: f32) {
-    #if defined(OUTPUT_F32)
-        output[idx] = val;
-    #elif defined(OUTPUT_F16)
-        output[idx] = f16(val);
-    #endif
-}
-
 #if defined(WHCN)
 // Input/output/kernel contiguous in [W, H, C, N] order (kernel [KW,KH,C]).
 fn conv_2d_dw(idx: u32) -> f32 {
@@ -89,8 +52,8 @@ fn conv_2d_dw(idx: u32) -> f32 {
        for (var kx: u32 = 0u; kx < params.knl_w; kx += 1u) {
            let src_x = i32(dst_x) * params.stride_x + i32(kx) * params.dilation_x - params.pad_x;
            if (src_x < 0 || src_x >= i32(params.src_w)) { continue; }
-            let v = load_input(src_i + u32(src_y) * params.src_w + u32(src_x));
-            let k = load_weight(knl_i + ky * params.knl_w + kx);
+            let v = f32(input[src_i + u32(src_y) * params.src_w + u32(src_x)]);
+            let k = f32(weights[knl_i + ky * params.knl_w + kx]);
            sum += v * k;
        }
    }
@@ -117,8 +80,8 @@ fn conv_2d_dw(idx: u32) -> f32 {
        for (var kx: u32 = 0u; kx < params.knl_w; kx += 1u) {
            let src_x = i32(dst_x) * params.stride_x + i32(kx) * params.dilation_x - params.pad_x;
            if (src_x < 0 || src_x >= i32(params.src_w)) { continue; }
-            let v = load_input(src_i + u32(src_y) * src_row + u32(src_x) * params.channels + c);
-            let k = load_weight(params.offset_w + ky * knl_row + kx * params.channels + c);
+            let v = f32(input[src_i + u32(src_y) * src_row + u32(src_x) * params.channels + c]);
+            let k = f32(weights[params.offset_w + ky * knl_row + kx * params.channels + c]);
            sum += v * k;
        }
    }
@@ -133,5 +96,5 @@ fn main(
 ) {
    let idx = gid.x + (num_wg.x * u32(WG_SIZE)) * gid.y;
    if (idx >= params.ne) { return; }
-    store_output(params.offset_o + idx, conv_2d_dw(idx));
+    output[params.offset_o + idx] = OUTPUT_TYPE(conv_2d_dw(idx));
 }
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ enable f16;
 #define SRC_TYPE f32
 #elif defined(SRC_F16)
 #define SRC_TYPE f16
+#elif defined(SRC_I32)
+#define SRC_TYPE i32
 #endif

 #ifdef DST_F32
@@ -7,32 +7,18 @@ enable chromium_experimental_subgroup_matrix;
 #define BYTE_HELPERS
 #include "common_decls.tmpl"

-#ifdef K_F32
-#define K_TYPE f32
-#elif defined(K_Q4_0) || defined(K_Q8_0)
-#define K_TYPE u32
-#else
-#define K_TYPE f16
-#endif
-
-#ifdef V_F32
-#define V_TYPE f32
-#elif defined(V_Q4_0) || defined(V_Q8_0)
-#define V_TYPE u32
-#else
-#define V_TYPE f16
-#endif
+#define FLASH_ATTN_SCALAR_KV
+#include "flash_attn_decls.tmpl"

 // Default values
+// The actual values are defined in shader-lib.
 #define HEAD_DIM_QK 64
 #define HEAD_DIM_V 64
-
 // The number of rows/columns/k in a subgroup matrix. MxK * KxN = MxN
 // Note that the "K" here does not correspond to the K in attention's Q/K/V, it's just the common dimension.
 #define SG_MAT_M 8
 #define SG_MAT_N 8
 #define SG_MAT_K 8
-
 // Each workgroup processes one subgroup matrix of Q rows
 #define Q_TILE SG_MAT_M
 #define KV_TILE 16
@@ -41,104 +27,13 @@ enable chromium_experimental_subgroup_matrix;
 // Number of subgroup-matrix-width blocks that span the KV tile. SG_MAT_N must divide KV_TILE.
 #define KV_BLOCKS (KV_TILE / SG_MAT_N)

-struct Params {
-    offset_q: u32,
-    offset_k: u32,
-    offset_v: u32,
-    offset_mask: u32,
-    offset_sinks: u32,
-    offset_dst: u32,
-
-    // shapes of Q/K/V
-    n_heads: u32,
-    seq_len_q: u32,
-    seq_len_kv: u32,
-
-    // strides (in elements)
-    stride_q1: u32,
-    stride_q2: u32,
-    stride_q3: u32,
-    stride_k1: u32,
-    stride_k2: u32,
-    stride_k3: u32,
-    stride_v1: u32,
-    stride_v2: u32,
-    stride_v3: u32,
-    stride_mask3: u32,
-
-    // repeat factors for K/V, e.g., MHA vs. MQA vs. GQA
-    q_per_kv: u32,
-
-    // softmax params
-    scale: f32,
-    max_bias: f32,
-    logit_softcap: f32,
-    n_head_log2: f32,
-    m0: f32,
-    m1: f32,
-};
-
-@group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> Q: array<f32>;
-#ifdef KV_OVERLAP
-@group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read_write> K: array<K_TYPE>;
-#define V K
-#else
-@group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read_write> K: array<K_TYPE>;
-@group(0) @binding(2) var<storage, read_write> V: array<V_TYPE>;
-#endif
-
-#if defined(MASK) && defined(SINKS)
-#ifdef KV_OVERLAP
-@group(0) @binding(2) var<storage, read_write> mask: array<f16>;
-@group(0) @binding(3) var<storage, read_write> sinks: array<f32>;
-#define DST_BINDING 4
-#define PARAMS_BINDING 5
-#else
-@group(0) @binding(3) var<storage, read_write> mask: array<f16>;
-@group(0) @binding(4) var<storage, read_write> sinks: array<f32>;
-#define DST_BINDING 5
-#define PARAMS_BINDING 6
-#endif
-#elif defined(MASK)
-#ifdef KV_OVERLAP
-@group(0) @binding(2) var<storage, read_write> mask: array<f16>;
-#define DST_BINDING 3
-#define PARAMS_BINDING 4
-#else
-@group(0) @binding(3) var<storage, read_write> mask: array<f16>;
-#define DST_BINDING 4
-#define PARAMS_BINDING 5
-#endif
-#elif defined(SINKS)
-#ifdef KV_OVERLAP
-@group(0) @binding(2) var<storage, read_write> sinks: array<f32>;
-#define DST_BINDING 3
-#define PARAMS_BINDING 4
-#else
-@group(0) @binding(3) var<storage, read_write> sinks: array<f32>;
-#define DST_BINDING 4
-#define PARAMS_BINDING 5
-#endif
-#else
-#ifdef KV_OVERLAP
-#define DST_BINDING 2
-#define PARAMS_BINDING 3
-#else
-#define DST_BINDING 3
-#define PARAMS_BINDING 4
-#endif
-#endif
-
-@group(0) @binding(DST_BINDING) var<storage, read_write> dst: array<vec4<f32>>;
-@group(0) @binding(PARAMS_BINDING) var<uniform> params: Params;
-
-// Just a very small float value.
-const FLOAT_MIN: f32 = -1.0e9;
-
 // The number of Q rows processed per workgroup
 var<workgroup> q_shmem: array<f16, Q_TILE * HEAD_DIM_QK>;

 #if !defined(K_DIRECT) || !defined(V_DIRECT)
+#define STAGING_SHMEM kv_shmem
+#define STAGING_OUT_TYPE f16
+#include "flash_attn_staging.tmpl"
 const kv_shmem_size = KV_TILE * max(HEAD_DIM_QK, HEAD_DIM_V);
 // we can reuse the same shmem for K and V since we only need one at a time
 var<workgroup> kv_shmem: array<f16, kv_shmem_size>;
@@ -175,50 +70,6 @@ fn calc_softmax_term(kv_idx: u32, q_tile_row: u32, slope: f32) -> f32 {
    return v;
 }

-fn load_f32x4(buf: ptr<storage, array<vec4<f32>>, read_write>, scalar_index: u32) -> vec4<f32> {
-    return (*buf)[scalar_index >> 2u];
-}
-
-fn load_kx4(buf: ptr<storage, array<vec4<K_TYPE>>, read_write>, scalar_index: u32) -> vec4<K_TYPE> {
-    return (*buf)[scalar_index >> 2u];
-}
-
-#if !defined(K_DIRECT) || !defined(V_DIRECT)
-#define QUANT_SHMEM kv_shmem
-#define QUANT_OUT_TYPE f16
-#include "flash_attn_quant_staging.tmpl"
-
-#if !defined(K_DIRECT) && !defined(K_Q4_0) && !defined(K_Q8_0)
-fn load_k_tile_block(local_x: u32, kv_count: u32, kv_tile: u32, k_head_offset: u32) {
-    for (var elem_idx = local_x; elem_idx < KV_TILE * HEAD_DIM_QK; elem_idx += WG_SIZE) {
-        let k_row = elem_idx / HEAD_DIM_QK;
-        let k_col = elem_idx % HEAD_DIM_QK;
-        let global_k_row = kv_tile + k_row;
-        let global_k_row_offset = k_head_offset + global_k_row * params.stride_k1;
-        kv_shmem[elem_idx] = f16(select(
-            0.0,
-            K[global_k_row_offset + k_col],
-            global_k_row < params.seq_len_kv && k_col < HEAD_DIM_QK));
-    }
-}
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(V_DIRECT) && !defined(V_Q4_0) && !defined(V_Q8_0)
-fn load_v_tile_block(local_x: u32, kv_count: u32, kv_tile: u32, v_head_offset: u32) {
-    for (var elem_idx = local_x; elem_idx < KV_TILE * HEAD_DIM_V; elem_idx += WG_SIZE) {
-        let v_row = elem_idx / HEAD_DIM_V;
-        let v_col = elem_idx % HEAD_DIM_V;
-        let global_v_row = kv_tile + v_row;
-        let global_v_row_offset = v_head_offset + global_v_row * params.stride_v1;
-        kv_shmem[elem_idx] = f16(select(
-            0.0,
-            V[global_v_row_offset + v_col],
-            global_v_row < params.seq_len_kv && v_col < HEAD_DIM_V));
-    }
-}
-#endif
-#endif
-
@compute @workgroup_size(WG_SIZE)
 fn main(@builtin(workgroup_id) wg_id: vec3<u32>,
    @builtin(local_invocation_id) local_id: vec3<u32>,
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+#ifdef Q_F32
+#define Q_TYPE f32
+#else
+#define Q_TYPE f16
+#endif
+
+#ifdef K_F32
+#define K_TYPE f32
+#elif defined(K_Q4_0) || defined(K_Q8_0)
+#define K_TYPE u32
+#else
+#define K_TYPE f16
+#endif
+
+#ifdef V_F32
+#define V_TYPE f32
+#elif defined(V_Q4_0) || defined(V_Q8_0)
+#define V_TYPE u32
+#else
+#define V_TYPE f16
+#endif
+
+#ifdef DST_F32
+#define DST_TYPE f32
+#else
+#define DST_TYPE f16
+#endif
+
+#if defined(FLASH_ATTN_SCALAR_KV) || defined(K_Q4_0) || defined(K_Q8_0)
+#define K_STORAGE_TYPE K_TYPE
+#else
+#define K_STORAGE_TYPE vec4<K_TYPE>
+#endif
+
+#if defined(FLASH_ATTN_SCALAR_KV) || defined(V_Q4_0) || defined(V_Q8_0)
+#define V_STORAGE_TYPE V_TYPE
+#else
+#define V_STORAGE_TYPE vec4<V_TYPE>
+#endif
+
+// Just a very small float value.
+const FLOAT_MIN: f32 = -1.0e9;
+
+struct Params {
+    offset_q: u32,
+    offset_k: u32,
+    offset_v: u32,
+    offset_mask: u32,
+    offset_sinks: u32,
+    offset_dst: u32,
+
+    // shapes of Q/K/V
+    n_heads: u32,
+    seq_len_q: u32,
+    seq_len_kv: u32,
+
+    // strides (in elements)
+    stride_q1: u32,
+    stride_q2: u32,
+    stride_q3: u32,
+    stride_k1: u32,
+    stride_k2: u32,
+    stride_k3: u32,
+    stride_v1: u32,
+    stride_v2: u32,
+    stride_v3: u32,
+    stride_mask3: u32,
+
+    // repeat factors for K/V, e.g., MHA vs. MQA vs. GQA
+    q_per_kv: u32,
+
+    // softmax params
+    scale: f32,
+    max_bias: f32,
+    logit_softcap: f32,
+    n_head_log2: f32,
+    m0: f32,
+    m1: f32,
+
+#ifdef FLASH_ATTN_VEC_SPLIT
+#ifdef BLK
+    blk_base: u32,
+    blk_nblk0: u32,
+    blk_nblk1: u32,
+#endif
+
+    tmp_data_base: u32,
+    tmp_stats_base: u32,
+    nwg: u32,
+#endif
+};
+
+@group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> Q: array<Q_TYPE>;
+@group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read_write> K: array<K_STORAGE_TYPE>;
+#ifdef KV_OVERLAP
+#define V K
+#define MASK_BINDING 2
+#else
+@group(0) @binding(2) var<storage, read_write> V: array<V_STORAGE_TYPE>;
+#define MASK_BINDING 3
+#endif // KV_OVERLAP
+
+#ifdef MASK
+@group(0) @binding(MASK_BINDING) var<storage, read_write> mask: array<f16>;
+#define SINKS_BINDING (MASK_BINDING + 1)
+#else
+#define SINKS_BINDING MASK_BINDING
+#endif
+
+#ifdef SINKS
+@group(0) @binding(SINKS_BINDING) var<storage, read_write> sinks: array<f32>;
+#define BLK_BINDING (SINKS_BINDING + 1)
+#else
+#define BLK_BINDING SINKS_BINDING
+#endif
+
+#ifdef FLASH_ATTN_VEC_SPLIT
+#ifdef BLK
+@group(0) @binding(BLK_BINDING) var<storage, read_write> blk: array<u32>;
+#define TMP_BINDING (BLK_BINDING + 1)
+#else
+#define TMP_BINDING BLK_BINDING
+#endif
+
+@group(0) @binding(TMP_BINDING) var<storage, read_write> tmp: array<f32>;
+#define DST_BINDING (TMP_BINDING + 1)
+#else
+#define DST_BINDING BLK_BINDING
+#endif // FLASH_ATTN_VEC_SPLIT
+
+@group(0) @binding(DST_BINDING) var<storage, read_write> dst: array<vec4<DST_TYPE>>;
+
+#define PARAMS_BINDING (DST_BINDING + 1)
+@group(0) @binding(PARAMS_BINDING) var<uniform> params: Params;
@@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
-#include "quant_inner_loops.tmpl"
-
-#define BLOCK_SIZE 32
-#define BLOCKS_K ((HEAD_DIM_QK + BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / BLOCK_SIZE)
-#define BLOCKS_V ((HEAD_DIM_V + BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / BLOCK_SIZE)
-
-#if defined(K_Q4_0)
-#define K_NQ 16
-#define K_BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES 18u
-#define K_BYTES_PER_THREAD 8u
-#define K_BYTES_PER_INNER_LOOP 4u
-#elif defined(K_Q8_0)
-#define K_NQ 16
-#define K_BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES 34u
-#define K_BYTES_PER_THREAD 16u
-#define K_BYTES_PER_INNER_LOOP 4u
-#endif
-
-#if defined(V_Q4_0)
-#define V_NQ 16
-#define V_BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES 18u
-#define V_BYTES_PER_THREAD 8u
-#define V_BYTES_PER_INNER_LOOP 4u
-#elif defined(V_Q8_0)
-#define V_NQ 16
-#define V_BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES 34u
-#define V_BYTES_PER_THREAD 16u
-#define V_BYTES_PER_INNER_LOOP 4u
-#endif
-
-#if defined(K_Q4_0) || defined(K_Q8_0)
-fn load_k_tile_block(local_x: u32, kv_count: u32, kv_tile: u32, k_head_offset: u32) {
-    for (var elem_idx = local_x * K_NQ; elem_idx < kv_count * HEAD_DIM_QK; elem_idx += WG_SIZE * K_NQ) {
-        let blck_idx = elem_idx / BLOCK_SIZE;
-        let block_offset = (elem_idx % BLOCK_SIZE) / K_NQ;
-        let k_row = blck_idx / BLOCKS_K;
-        let global_k_row = kv_tile + k_row;
-        let block_k = blck_idx % BLOCKS_K;
-        let row_offset = k_row * HEAD_DIM_QK;
-        let global_block_idx = k_head_offset + global_k_row * params.stride_k1 + block_k;
-        let block_byte_base = global_block_idx * K_BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES;
-        let d = f16_from_u16(load_k_u16_at(block_byte_base));
-        let thread_byte_offset = block_offset * K_BYTES_PER_THREAD;
-        let shmem_idx = row_offset + block_k * BLOCK_SIZE + thread_byte_offset;
-        for (var j = 0u; j < K_BYTES_PER_THREAD / K_BYTES_PER_INNER_LOOP; j += 1u) {
-            let q_byte_offset = block_byte_base + 2u + thread_byte_offset + j * K_BYTES_PER_INNER_LOOP;
-            let q_packed = load_k_u32_at(q_byte_offset);
-#if defined(K_Q4_0)
-            dequant_q4_0_packed_to_shmem(q_packed, d, shmem_idx + j * K_BYTES_PER_INNER_LOOP);
-#elif defined(K_Q8_0)
-            dequant_q8_0_packed_to_shmem(q_packed, d, shmem_idx + j * K_BYTES_PER_INNER_LOOP);
-#endif
-        }
-    }
-}
-#endif
-
-#if defined(V_Q4_0) || defined(V_Q8_0)
-fn load_v_tile_block(local_x: u32, kv_count: u32, kv_tile: u32, v_head_offset: u32) {
-    for (var elem_idx = local_x * V_NQ; elem_idx < kv_count * HEAD_DIM_V; elem_idx += WG_SIZE * V_NQ) {
-        let blck_idx = elem_idx / BLOCK_SIZE;
-        let block_offset = (elem_idx % BLOCK_SIZE) / V_NQ;
-        let v_row = blck_idx / BLOCKS_V;
-        let global_v_row = kv_tile + v_row;
-        let block_k = blck_idx % BLOCKS_V;
-        let row_offset = v_row * HEAD_DIM_V;
-        let global_block_idx = v_head_offset + global_v_row * params.stride_v1 + block_k;
-        let block_byte_base = global_block_idx * V_BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES;
-        let d = f16_from_u16(load_v_u16_at(block_byte_base));
-        let thread_byte_offset = block_offset * V_BYTES_PER_THREAD;
-        let shmem_idx = row_offset + block_k * BLOCK_SIZE + thread_byte_offset;
-        for (var j = 0u; j < V_BYTES_PER_THREAD / V_BYTES_PER_INNER_LOOP; j += 1u) {
-            let q_byte_offset = block_byte_base + 2u + thread_byte_offset + j * V_BYTES_PER_INNER_LOOP;
-            let q_packed = load_v_u32_at(q_byte_offset);
-#if defined(V_Q4_0)
-            dequant_q4_0_packed_to_shmem(q_packed, d, shmem_idx + j * V_BYTES_PER_INNER_LOOP);
-#elif defined(V_Q8_0)
-            dequant_q8_0_packed_to_shmem(q_packed, d, shmem_idx + j * V_BYTES_PER_INNER_LOOP);
-#endif
-        }
-    }
-}
-#endif
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+#if defined(K_Q4_0) || defined(K_Q8_0) || defined(V_Q4_0) || defined(V_Q8_0)
+#define QUANT_SHMEM STAGING_SHMEM
+#define QUANT_OUT_TYPE STAGING_OUT_TYPE
+#include "quant_inner_loops.tmpl"
+#undef QUANT_SHMEM
+#undef QUANT_OUT_TYPE
+#define BLOCK_SIZE 32
+#define BLOCKS_K ((HEAD_DIM_QK + BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / BLOCK_SIZE)
+#define BLOCKS_V ((HEAD_DIM_V + BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / BLOCK_SIZE)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(K_Q4_0)
+#define K_NQ 16
+#define K_BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES 18u
+#define K_BYTES_PER_THREAD 8u
+#define K_BYTES_PER_INNER_LOOP 4u
+#define DEQUANT_K_PACKED_TO_SHMEM dequant_q4_0_packed_to_shmem
+#elif defined(K_Q8_0)
+#define K_NQ 16
+#define K_BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES 34u
+#define K_BYTES_PER_THREAD 16u
+#define K_BYTES_PER_INNER_LOOP 4u
+#define DEQUANT_K_PACKED_TO_SHMEM dequant_q8_0_packed_to_shmem
+#endif
+
+#if defined(V_Q4_0)
+#define V_NQ 16
+#define V_BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES 18u
+#define V_BYTES_PER_THREAD 8u
+#define V_BYTES_PER_INNER_LOOP 4u
+#define DEQUANT_V_PACKED_TO_SHMEM dequant_q4_0_packed_to_shmem
+#elif defined(V_Q8_0)
+#define V_NQ 16
+#define V_BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES 34u
+#define V_BYTES_PER_THREAD 16u
+#define V_BYTES_PER_INNER_LOOP 4u
+#define DEQUANT_V_PACKED_TO_SHMEM dequant_q8_0_packed_to_shmem
+#endif
+
+#ifndef K_DIRECT
+fn load_k_tile_block(local_x: u32, kv_count: u32, kv_tile: u32, k_head_offset: u32) {
+#if defined(K_Q4_0) || defined(K_Q8_0)
+    for (var elem_idx = local_x * K_NQ; elem_idx < kv_count * HEAD_DIM_QK; elem_idx += WG_SIZE * K_NQ) {
+        let blck_idx = elem_idx / BLOCK_SIZE;
+        let block_offset = (elem_idx % BLOCK_SIZE) / K_NQ;
+        let k_row = blck_idx / BLOCKS_K;
+        let global_k_row = kv_tile + k_row;
+        let block_k = blck_idx % BLOCKS_K;
+        let row_offset = k_row * HEAD_DIM_QK;
+        let global_block_idx = k_head_offset + global_k_row * params.stride_k1 + block_k;
+        let block_byte_base = global_block_idx * K_BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES;
+        let d = f16_from_u16(load_k_u16_at(block_byte_base));
+        let thread_byte_offset = block_offset * K_BYTES_PER_THREAD;
+        let shmem_idx = row_offset + block_k * BLOCK_SIZE + thread_byte_offset;
+        for (var j = 0u; j < K_BYTES_PER_THREAD / K_BYTES_PER_INNER_LOOP; j += 1u) {
+            let q_byte_offset = block_byte_base + 2u + thread_byte_offset + j * K_BYTES_PER_INNER_LOOP;
+            let q_packed = load_k_u32_at(q_byte_offset);
+            DEQUANT_K_PACKED_TO_SHMEM(q_packed, d, shmem_idx + j * K_BYTES_PER_INNER_LOOP);
+        }
+    }
+#elif defined(FLASH_ATTN_SCALAR_KV)
+    for (var elem_idx = local_x; elem_idx < KV_TILE * HEAD_DIM_QK; elem_idx += WG_SIZE) {
+        let k_row = elem_idx / HEAD_DIM_QK;
+        let k_col = elem_idx % HEAD_DIM_QK;
+        let global_k_row = kv_tile + k_row;
+        let global_k_row_offset = k_head_offset + global_k_row * params.stride_k1;
+        STAGING_SHMEM[elem_idx] = STAGING_OUT_TYPE(select(
+            0.0,
+            K[global_k_row_offset + k_col],
+            global_k_row < params.seq_len_kv && k_col < HEAD_DIM_QK));
+    }
+#else
+    for (var vec_idx_local = local_x; vec_idx_local < kv_count * Q_CHUNKS; vec_idx_local += WG_SIZE) {
+        let kv_local = vec_idx_local / Q_CHUNKS;
+        let chunk = vec_idx_local % Q_CHUNKS;
+        let global_k_row = kv_tile + kv_local;
+        let k_vec_index = (k_head_offset + global_k_row * params.stride_k1 + chunk * 4u) >> 2u;
+        let k4 = K[k_vec_index];
+        let kv_off = kv_local * HEAD_DIM_QK + chunk * 4u;
+        STAGING_SHMEM[kv_off + 0u] = STAGING_OUT_TYPE(k4.x);
+        STAGING_SHMEM[kv_off + 1u] = STAGING_OUT_TYPE(k4.y);
+        STAGING_SHMEM[kv_off + 2u] = STAGING_OUT_TYPE(k4.z);
+        STAGING_SHMEM[kv_off + 3u] = STAGING_OUT_TYPE(k4.w);
+    }
+#endif
+}
+#endif // !defined(K_DIRECT)
+
+#ifndef V_DIRECT
+fn load_v_tile_block(local_x: u32, kv_count: u32, kv_tile: u32, v_head_offset: u32) {
+#if defined(V_Q4_0) || defined(V_Q8_0)
+    for (var elem_idx = local_x * V_NQ; elem_idx < kv_count * HEAD_DIM_V; elem_idx += WG_SIZE * V_NQ) {
+        let blck_idx = elem_idx / BLOCK_SIZE;
+        let block_offset = (elem_idx % BLOCK_SIZE) / V_NQ;
+        let v_row = blck_idx / BLOCKS_V;
+        let global_v_row = kv_tile + v_row;
+        let block_k = blck_idx % BLOCKS_V;
+        let row_offset = v_row * HEAD_DIM_V;
+        let global_block_idx = v_head_offset + global_v_row * params.stride_v1 + block_k;
+        let block_byte_base = global_block_idx * V_BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES;
+        let d = f16_from_u16(load_v_u16_at(block_byte_base));
+        let thread_byte_offset = block_offset * V_BYTES_PER_THREAD;
+        let shmem_idx = row_offset + block_k * BLOCK_SIZE + thread_byte_offset;
+        for (var j = 0u; j < V_BYTES_PER_THREAD / V_BYTES_PER_INNER_LOOP; j += 1u) {
+            let q_byte_offset = block_byte_base + 2u + thread_byte_offset + j * V_BYTES_PER_INNER_LOOP;
+            let q_packed = load_v_u32_at(q_byte_offset);
+            DEQUANT_V_PACKED_TO_SHMEM(q_packed, d, shmem_idx + j * V_BYTES_PER_INNER_LOOP);
+        }
+    }
+#elif defined(FLASH_ATTN_SCALAR_KV)
+    for (var elem_idx = local_x; elem_idx < KV_TILE * HEAD_DIM_V; elem_idx += WG_SIZE) {
+        let v_row = elem_idx / HEAD_DIM_V;
+        let v_col = elem_idx % HEAD_DIM_V;
+        let global_v_row = kv_tile + v_row;
+        let global_v_row_offset = v_head_offset + global_v_row * params.stride_v1;
+        STAGING_SHMEM[elem_idx] = STAGING_OUT_TYPE(select(
+            0.0,
+            V[global_v_row_offset + v_col],
+            global_v_row < params.seq_len_kv && v_col < HEAD_DIM_V));
+    }
+#else
+    for (var vec_idx_local = local_x; vec_idx_local < kv_count * V_CHUNKS; vec_idx_local += WG_SIZE) {
+        let kv_local = vec_idx_local / V_CHUNKS;
+        let chunk = vec_idx_local % V_CHUNKS;
+        let global_v_row = kv_tile + kv_local;
+        let v_vec_index = (v_head_offset + global_v_row * params.stride_v1 + chunk * 4u) >> 2u;
+        let v4 = V[v_vec_index];
+        let kv_off = kv_local * HEAD_DIM_V + chunk * 4u;
+        STAGING_SHMEM[kv_off + 0u] = STAGING_OUT_TYPE(v4.x);
+        STAGING_SHMEM[kv_off + 1u] = STAGING_OUT_TYPE(v4.y);
+        STAGING_SHMEM[kv_off + 2u] = STAGING_OUT_TYPE(v4.z);
+        STAGING_SHMEM[kv_off + 3u] = STAGING_OUT_TYPE(v4.w);
+    }
+#endif
+}
+#endif // !defined(V_DIRECT)
@@ -3,192 +3,32 @@ enable subgroups;

 #define BYTE_HELPERS
 #include "common_decls.tmpl"
+#include "flash_attn_decls.tmpl"

-#ifdef Q_F16
-#define Q_TYPE f16
-#else
-#define Q_TYPE f32
-#endif
-
-#ifdef K_F32
-#define K_TYPE f32
-#elif defined(K_Q4_0) || defined(K_Q8_0)
-#define K_TYPE u32
-#else
-#define K_TYPE f16
-#endif
-
-#ifdef V_F32
-#define V_TYPE f32
-#elif defined(V_Q4_0) || defined(V_Q8_0)
-#define V_TYPE u32
-#else
-#define V_TYPE f16
-#endif
-
-#ifdef DST_F16
-#define DST_TYPE f16
-#else
-#define DST_TYPE f32
-#endif
-
+// Default values
+// The actual values are defined in shader-lib.
 #define HEAD_DIM_QK 64
 #define HEAD_DIM_V 64
 #define Q_TILE 4
 #define KV_TILE 64
 #define WG_SIZE 128
-#ifndef MIN_SUBGROUP_SIZE
-#define MIN_SUBGROUP_SIZE MAX_SUBGROUP_SIZE
-#endif

-struct Params {
-    offset_q: u32,
-    offset_k: u32,
-    offset_v: u32,
-    offset_mask: u32,
-    offset_sinks: u32,
-    offset_dst: u32,
-
-    n_heads: u32,
-    seq_len_q: u32,
-    seq_len_kv: u32,
-
-    stride_q1: u32,
-    stride_q2: u32,
-    stride_q3: u32,
-    stride_k1: u32,
-    stride_k2: u32,
-    stride_k3: u32,
-    stride_v1: u32,
-    stride_v2: u32,
-    stride_v3: u32,
-    stride_mask3: u32,
-
-    q_per_kv: u32,
-
-    scale: f32,
-    max_bias: f32,
-    logit_softcap: f32,
-    n_head_log2: f32,
-    m0: f32,
-    m1: f32,
-};
-
-@group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> Q: array<Q_TYPE>;
-#ifdef KV_OVERLAP
-#if defined(K_Q4_0) || defined(K_Q8_0)
-@group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read_write> K: array<K_TYPE>;
-#else
-@group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read_write> K: array<vec4<K_TYPE>>;
-#endif
-#define V K
-#else
-#if defined(K_Q4_0) || defined(K_Q8_0)
-@group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read_write> K: array<K_TYPE>;
-#else
-@group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read_write> K: array<vec4<K_TYPE>>;
-#endif
-#if defined(V_Q4_0) || defined(V_Q8_0)
-@group(0) @binding(2) var<storage, read_write> V: array<V_TYPE>;
-#else
-@group(0) @binding(2) var<storage, read_write> V: array<vec4<V_TYPE>>;
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#if defined(MASK) && defined(SINKS)
-#ifdef KV_OVERLAP
-@group(0) @binding(2) var<storage, read_write> mask: array<f16>;
-@group(0) @binding(3) var<storage, read_write> sinks: array<f32>;
-#define DST_BINDING 4
-#define PARAMS_BINDING 5
-#else
-@group(0) @binding(3) var<storage, read_write> mask: array<f16>;
-@group(0) @binding(4) var<storage, read_write> sinks: array<f32>;
-#define DST_BINDING 5
-#define PARAMS_BINDING 6
-#endif
-#elif defined(MASK)
-#ifdef KV_OVERLAP
-@group(0) @binding(2) var<storage, read_write> mask: array<f16>;
-#define DST_BINDING 3
-#define PARAMS_BINDING 4
-#else
-@group(0) @binding(3) var<storage, read_write> mask: array<f16>;
-#define DST_BINDING 4
-#define PARAMS_BINDING 5
-#endif
-#elif defined(SINKS)
-#ifdef KV_OVERLAP
-@group(0) @binding(2) var<storage, read_write> sinks: array<f32>;
-#define DST_BINDING 3
-#define PARAMS_BINDING 4
-#else
-@group(0) @binding(3) var<storage, read_write> sinks: array<f32>;
-#define DST_BINDING 4
-#define PARAMS_BINDING 5
-#endif
-#else
-#ifdef KV_OVERLAP
-#define DST_BINDING 2
-#define PARAMS_BINDING 3
-#else
-#define DST_BINDING 3
-#define PARAMS_BINDING 4
-#endif
-#endif
-
-@group(0) @binding(DST_BINDING) var<storage, read_write> dst: array<vec4<DST_TYPE>>;
-@group(0) @binding(PARAMS_BINDING) var<uniform> params: Params;
-
-const FLOAT_MIN: f32 = -1.0e9;
 const Q_CHUNKS: u32 = HEAD_DIM_QK / 4u;
 const V_CHUNKS: u32 = HEAD_DIM_V / 4u;
 const SCORE_REGS_PER_LANE: u32 = (KV_TILE + MIN_SUBGROUP_SIZE - 1u) / MIN_SUBGROUP_SIZE;
 const OUT_REGS_PER_LANE: u32 = (V_CHUNKS + MIN_SUBGROUP_SIZE - 1u) / MIN_SUBGROUP_SIZE;
+
+#if !defined(K_DIRECT) || !defined(V_DIRECT)
+#define STAGING_SHMEM kv_shmem
+#define STAGING_OUT_TYPE f16
+#include "flash_attn_staging.tmpl"
 const kv_shmem_size = KV_TILE * max(HEAD_DIM_QK, HEAD_DIM_V);
+var<workgroup> kv_shmem: array<f16, kv_shmem_size>;
+#endif

 var<workgroup> q_shmem: array<Q_TYPE, Q_TILE * HEAD_DIM_QK>;
-var<workgroup> kv_shmem: array<f16, kv_shmem_size>;
 var<workgroup> p_shmem: array<f16, Q_TILE * KV_TILE>;

-#define QUANT_SHMEM kv_shmem
-#define QUANT_OUT_TYPE f16
-#include "flash_attn_quant_staging.tmpl"
-
-#if !defined(K_Q4_0) && !defined(K_Q8_0)
-fn load_k_tile_block(local_x: u32, kv_count: u32, kv_tile: u32, k_head_offset: u32) {
-    for (var vec_idx_local = local_x; vec_idx_local < kv_count * Q_CHUNKS; vec_idx_local += WG_SIZE) {
-        let kv_local = vec_idx_local / Q_CHUNKS;
-        let chunk = vec_idx_local % Q_CHUNKS;
-        let global_k_row = kv_tile + kv_local;
-        let k_vec_index = (k_head_offset + global_k_row * params.stride_k1 + chunk * 4u) >> 2u;
-        let k4 = K[k_vec_index];
-        let kv_off = kv_local * HEAD_DIM_QK + chunk * 4u;
-        kv_shmem[kv_off + 0u] = f16(k4.x);
-        kv_shmem[kv_off + 1u] = f16(k4.y);
-        kv_shmem[kv_off + 2u] = f16(k4.z);
-        kv_shmem[kv_off + 3u] = f16(k4.w);
-    }
-}
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(V_Q4_0) && !defined(V_Q8_0)
-fn load_v_tile_block(local_x: u32, kv_count: u32, kv_tile: u32, v_head_offset: u32) {
-    for (var vec_idx_local = local_x; vec_idx_local < kv_count * V_CHUNKS; vec_idx_local += WG_SIZE) {
-        let kv_local = vec_idx_local / V_CHUNKS;
-        let chunk = vec_idx_local % V_CHUNKS;
-        let global_v_row = kv_tile + kv_local;
-        let v_vec_index = (v_head_offset + global_v_row * params.stride_v1 + chunk * 4u) >> 2u;
-        let v4 = V[v_vec_index];
-        let kv_off = kv_local * HEAD_DIM_V + chunk * 4u;
-        kv_shmem[kv_off + 0u] = f16(v4.x);
-        kv_shmem[kv_off + 1u] = f16(v4.y);
-        kv_shmem[kv_off + 2u] = f16(v4.z);
-        kv_shmem[kv_off + 3u] = f16(v4.w);
-    }
-}
-#endif
-
@compute @workgroup_size(WG_SIZE)
 fn main(@builtin(workgroup_id) wg_id: vec3<u32>,
        @builtin(local_invocation_id) local_id: vec3<u32>,
@@ -4,200 +4,35 @@ enable subgroups;

 #define BYTE_HELPERS
 #include "common_decls.tmpl"
+#define FLASH_ATTN_VEC_SPLIT
+#include "flash_attn_decls.tmpl"

-#ifdef K_F32
-#define K_TYPE f32
-#elif defined(K_Q4_0) || defined(K_Q8_0)
-#define K_TYPE u32
-#else
-#define K_TYPE f16
-#endif
-
-#ifdef V_F32
-#define V_TYPE f32
-#elif defined(V_Q4_0) || defined(V_Q8_0)
-#define V_TYPE u32
-#else
-#define V_TYPE f16
-#endif
-
-#ifdef Q_F16
-#define Q_TYPE f16
-#else
-#define Q_TYPE f32
-#endif
-
-#ifdef DST_F16
-#define DST_TYPE f16
-#else
-#define DST_TYPE f32
-#endif
-
+// Default values
+// The actual values are defined in shader-lib.
 #define HEAD_DIM_QK 64
 #define HEAD_DIM_V 64
-
-#define KV_GRANULARITY 8
 #define KV_TILE 16
 #define WG_SIZE 64

-#define KV_BLOCKS (KV_TILE / KV_GRANULARITY)
-
-struct Params {
-    offset_q: u32,
-    offset_k: u32,
-    offset_v: u32,
-    offset_mask: u32,
-    offset_sinks: u32,
-    offset_dst: u32,
-
-    // shapes of Q/K/V
-    n_heads: u32,
-    seq_len_q: u32,
-    seq_len_kv: u32,
-
-    // strides (in elements)
-    stride_q1: u32,
-    stride_q2: u32,
-    stride_q3: u32,
-    stride_k1: u32,
-    stride_k2: u32,
-    stride_k3: u32,
-    stride_v1: u32,
-    stride_v2: u32,
-    stride_v3: u32,
-    stride_mask3: u32,
-
-    // repeat factors for K/V, e.g., MHA vs. MQA vs. GQA
-    q_per_kv: u32,
-
-    // softmax params
-    scale: f32,
-    max_bias: f32,
-    logit_softcap: f32,
-    n_head_log2: f32,
-    m0: f32,
-    m1: f32,
-
-#ifdef BLK
-    blk_base: u32,
-    blk_nblk0: u32,
-    blk_nblk1: u32,
-#endif
-
-    tmp_data_base: u32,
-    tmp_stats_base: u32,
-    nwg: u32,
-};
-
-@group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> Q: array<Q_TYPE>;
-#ifdef KV_OVERLAP
-#if defined(K_Q4_0) || defined(K_Q8_0)
-@group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read_write> K: array<K_TYPE>;
-#else
-@group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read_write> K: array<vec4<K_TYPE>>;
-#endif
-#define V K
-#else
-#if defined(K_Q4_0) || defined(K_Q8_0)
-@group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read_write> K: array<K_TYPE>;
-#else
-@group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read_write> K: array<vec4<K_TYPE>>;
-#endif
-#if defined(V_Q4_0) || defined(V_Q8_0)
-@group(0) @binding(2) var<storage, read_write> V: array<V_TYPE>;
-#else
-@group(0) @binding(2) var<storage, read_write> V: array<vec4<V_TYPE>>;
-#endif
-#endif
-#if defined(MASK) && defined(SINKS)
-#ifdef KV_OVERLAP
-@group(0) @binding(2) var<storage, read_write> mask: array<f16>;
-@group(0) @binding(3) var<storage, read_write> sinks: array<f32>;
-#ifdef BLK
-#define BLK_BINDING 4
-#define TMP_BINDING 5
-#define DST_BINDING 6
-#define PARAMS_BINDING 7
-#else
-#define TMP_BINDING 4
-#define DST_BINDING 5
-#define PARAMS_BINDING 6
-#endif
-#else
-@group(0) @binding(3) var<storage, read_write> mask: array<f16>;
-@group(0) @binding(4) var<storage, read_write> sinks: array<f32>;
-#ifdef BLK
-#define BLK_BINDING 5
-#define TMP_BINDING 6
-#define DST_BINDING 7
-#define PARAMS_BINDING 8
-#else
-#define TMP_BINDING 5
-#define DST_BINDING 6
-#define PARAMS_BINDING 7
-#endif
-#endif
-#elif defined(MASK)
-#ifdef KV_OVERLAP
-@group(0) @binding(2) var<storage, read_write> mask: array<f16>;
-#ifdef BLK
-#define BLK_BINDING 3
-#define TMP_BINDING 4
-#define DST_BINDING 5
-#define PARAMS_BINDING 6
-#else
-#define TMP_BINDING 3
-#define DST_BINDING 4
-#define PARAMS_BINDING 5
-#endif
-#else
-@group(0) @binding(3) var<storage, read_write> mask: array<f16>;
-#ifdef BLK
-#define BLK_BINDING 4
-#define TMP_BINDING 5
-#define DST_BINDING 6
-#define PARAMS_BINDING 7
-#else
-#define TMP_BINDING 4
-#define DST_BINDING 5
-#define PARAMS_BINDING 6
-#endif
-#endif
-#elif defined(SINKS)
-#ifdef KV_OVERLAP
-@group(0) @binding(2) var<storage, read_write> sinks: array<f32>;
-#define TMP_BINDING 3
-#define DST_BINDING 4
-#define PARAMS_BINDING 5
-#else
-@group(0) @binding(3) var<storage, read_write> sinks: array<f32>;
-#define TMP_BINDING 4
-#define DST_BINDING 5
-#define PARAMS_BINDING 6
-#endif
-#else
-#ifdef KV_OVERLAP
-#define TMP_BINDING 2
-#define DST_BINDING 3
-#define PARAMS_BINDING 4
-#else
-#define TMP_BINDING 3
-#define DST_BINDING 4
-#define PARAMS_BINDING 5
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#ifdef BLK
-@group(0) @binding(BLK_BINDING) var<storage, read_write> blk: array<u32>;
-#endif
-@group(0) @binding(TMP_BINDING) var<storage, read_write> tmp: array<f32>;
-@group(0) @binding(DST_BINDING) var<storage, read_write> dst: array<vec4<DST_TYPE>>;
-@group(0) @binding(PARAMS_BINDING) var<uniform> params: Params;
-
-// Just a very small float value.
-const FLOAT_MIN: f32 = -1.0e9;
+const Q_CHUNKS: u32 = HEAD_DIM_QK / 4u;
+const V_CHUNKS: u32 = HEAD_DIM_V / 4u;
 const kv_shmem_size = KV_TILE * max(HEAD_DIM_QK, HEAD_DIM_V);

+#if defined(K_DIRECT) || defined(V_DIRECT)
+// Shared memory for scale factor (d) in quantized K/V. Multiple threads use the same value,
+// so caching it is more efficient, even on the direct path.
+var<workgroup> d_shmem: array<f32, kv_shmem_size / 32>;
+#endif
+
+// K/V shared memory handling
+#if !defined(K_DIRECT) || !defined(V_DIRECT)
+#define STAGING_SHMEM kv_shmem
+#define STAGING_OUT_TYPE f32
+#include "flash_attn_staging.tmpl"
+// we can reuse the same shmem for K and V since we only need one at a time
+var<workgroup> kv_shmem: array<f32, kv_shmem_size>;
+#endif
+
 var<workgroup> q_shmem: array<f32, HEAD_DIM_QK>;
 var<workgroup> o_shmem: array<f32, HEAD_DIM_V>;
 // note that we reuse the same storage for both since we only need one at a time
@@ -208,59 +43,6 @@ var<workgroup> inter_shmem: array<f32, KV_TILE>;
 var<workgroup> mask_shmem: array<f32, KV_TILE>;
 #endif

-#if defined(K_DIRECT) || defined(V_DIRECT)
-// Shared memory for scale factor (d) in quantized K/V. Multiple threads use the same value,
-// so caching it is more efficient, even on the direct path.
-var<workgroup> d_shmem: array<f32, kv_shmem_size / 32>;
-#endif
-
-// K/V shared memory handling
-#if !defined(K_DIRECT) || !defined(V_DIRECT)
-
-// we can reuse the same shmem for K and V since we only need one at a time
-var<workgroup> kv_shmem: array<f32, kv_shmem_size>;
-
-#define QUANT_SHMEM kv_shmem
-#define QUANT_OUT_TYPE f32
-#include "flash_attn_quant_staging.tmpl"
-
-#if !defined(K_DIRECT) && !defined(K_Q4_0) && !defined(K_Q8_0)
-fn load_k_tile_block(local_x: u32, kv_count: u32, kv_tile: u32, k_head_offset: u32) {
-    for (var elem_idx = local_x * 4u; elem_idx < KV_TILE * HEAD_DIM_QK; elem_idx += WG_SIZE * 4u) {
-        let k_row = elem_idx / HEAD_DIM_QK;
-        let k_col = elem_idx % HEAD_DIM_QK;
-        let global_k_row = kv_tile + k_row;
-        let global_k_row_offset = k_head_offset + global_k_row * params.stride_k1;
-        let in_bounds = global_k_row < params.seq_len_kv && (k_col + 3u) < HEAD_DIM_QK;
-        let vec_idx = (global_k_row_offset + k_col) >> 2u;
-        let k4 = select(vec4<K_TYPE>(0.0), K[vec_idx], in_bounds);
-        kv_shmem[elem_idx + 0u] = f32(k4.x);
-        kv_shmem[elem_idx + 1u] = f32(k4.y);
-        kv_shmem[elem_idx + 2u] = f32(k4.z);
-        kv_shmem[elem_idx + 3u] = f32(k4.w);
-    }
-}
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(V_DIRECT) && !defined(V_Q4_0) && !defined(V_Q8_0)
-fn load_v_tile_block(local_x: u32, kv_count: u32, kv_tile: u32, v_head_offset: u32) {
-    for (var elem_idx = local_x * 4u; elem_idx < KV_TILE * HEAD_DIM_V; elem_idx += WG_SIZE * 4u) {
-        let v_row = elem_idx / HEAD_DIM_V;
-        let v_col = elem_idx % HEAD_DIM_V;
-        let global_v_row = kv_tile + v_row;
-        let global_v_row_offset = v_head_offset + global_v_row * params.stride_v1;
-        let in_bounds = global_v_row < params.seq_len_kv && (v_col + 3u) < HEAD_DIM_V;
-        let vec_idx = (global_v_row_offset + v_col) >> 2u;
-        let v4 = select(vec4<V_TYPE>(0.0), V[vec_idx], in_bounds);
-        kv_shmem[elem_idx + 0u] = f32(v4.x);
-        kv_shmem[elem_idx + 1u] = f32(v4.y);
-        kv_shmem[elem_idx + 2u] = f32(v4.z);
-        kv_shmem[elem_idx + 3u] = f32(v4.w);
-    }
-}
-#endif
-#endif // !defined(K_DIRECT) || !defined(V_DIRECT)
-
 // Storage for row max and exp sum during online softmax
 fn calc_softmax_term(kv_idx: u32, slope: f32, has_bias: bool, apply_mask: bool) -> f32 {
    var v = select(FLOAT_MIN,
@@ -1,19 +1,9 @@
-#include "common_decls.tmpl"
 enable f16;

@group(0) @binding(0)
-#if defined(INPUT_F32)
-var<storage, read_write> input: array<f32>;
-#elif defined(INPUT_F16)
-var<storage, read_write> input: array<f16>;
-#endif
-
+var<storage, read_write> input: array<INPUT_TYPE>;
@group(0) @binding(1)
-#if defined(OUTPUT_F32)
-var<storage, read_write> output: array<f32>;
-#elif defined(OUTPUT_F16)
-var<storage, read_write> output: array<f16>;
-#endif
+var<storage, read_write> output: array<OUTPUT_TYPE>;

 struct Params {
    offset_i: u32,
@@ -38,22 +28,6 @@ struct Params {
@group(0) @binding(2)
 var<uniform> params: Params;

-fn load_input(idx: u32) -> f32 {
-    #if defined(INPUT_F32)
-        return input[idx];
-    #elif defined(INPUT_F16)
-        return f32(input[idx]);
-    #endif
-}
-
-fn store_output(idx: u32, val: f32) {
-    #if defined(OUTPUT_F32)
-        output[idx] = val;
-    #elif defined(OUTPUT_F16)
-        output[idx] = f16(val);
-    #endif
-}
-
@compute @workgroup_size(WG_SIZE)
 fn main(
    @builtin(global_invocation_id) gid: vec3<u32>,
@@ -90,12 +64,14 @@ fn main(
    let iw_i32 = i32(ow * params.s0 + kw * params.d0) - i32(params.p0);
    let ih_i32 = i32(oh * params.s1 + kh * params.d1) - i32(params.p1);

+    let output_idx = params.offset_o + k * params.so0 + ow * params.so1 + oh * params.so2 + n * params.so3;
+
    if (iw_i32 >= 0 && iw_i32 < i32(params.IW) && ih_i32 >= 0 && ih_i32 < i32(params.IH)) {
        let iw = u32(iw_i32);
        let ih = u32(ih_i32);
        let in_idx = params.offset_i + iw * params.si0 + ih * params.si1 + ic * params.si2 + n * params.si3;
-        store_output(params.offset_o + k * params.so0 + ow * params.so1 + oh * params.so2 + n * params.so3, load_input(in_idx));
+        output[output_idx] = OUTPUT_TYPE(input[in_idx]);
    } else {
-        store_output(params.offset_o + k * params.so0 + ow * params.so1 + oh * params.so2 + n * params.so3, 0.0);
+        output[output_idx] = OUTPUT_TYPE(0.0);
    }
 }
@@ -88,7 +88,6 @@ struct Params {
    ne0: u32,
    ne1: u32,
    ne2: u32,
-    ne3: u32,

    eps: f32
 };
@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ struct Params {
    ne0: u32,
    ne1: u32,
    ne2: u32,
-    ne3: u32,

    eps: f32
 };
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ struct Params {
    stride_dst3: u32,

    // shape of src0/dst
-    ne: u32,
    ne0: u32,
    ne1: u32,
    ne2: u32,
@@ -43,71 +42,38 @@ struct Params {
    m1: f32,
 };

-@group(0) @binding(0)
+#define SRC_BINDING 0
+@group(0) @binding(SRC_BINDING)
 var<storage, read_write> src: array<f32>;

 #ifdef HAS_MASK
-#ifdef HAS_SINK
-@group(0) @binding(1)
+#define MASK_BINDING SRC_BINDING + 1
+@group(0) @binding(MASK_BINDING)
 var<storage, read_write> mask: array<MaskType>;
-@group(0) @binding(2)
-var<storage, read_write> sinks: array<f32>;
-
-#ifdef INPLACE
-@group(0) @binding(3)
-var<uniform> params: Params;
-
 #else
-@group(0) @binding(3)
-var<storage, read_write> dst: array<f32>;
-@group(0) @binding(4)
-var<uniform> params: Params;
+#define MASK_BINDING SRC_BINDING
 #endif

-#else
-@group(0) @binding(1)
-var<storage, read_write> mask: array<MaskType>;
-
-#ifdef INPLACE
-@group(0) @binding(2)
-var<uniform> params: Params;
-
-#else
-@group(0) @binding(2)
-var<storage, read_write> dst: array<f32>;
-@group(0) @binding(3)
-var<uniform> params: Params;
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#else
 #ifdef HAS_SINK
-@group(0) @binding(1)
+#define SINKS_BINDING MASK_BINDING + 1
+@group(0) @binding(SINKS_BINDING)
 var<storage, read_write> sinks: array<f32>;
+#else
+#define SINKS_BINDING MASK_BINDING
+#endif
+
+#define DST_BINDING SINKS_BINDING + 1
+@group(0) @binding(DST_BINDING)
+var<storage, read_write> dst: array<f32>;

 #ifdef INPLACE
-@group(0) @binding(2)
-var<uniform> params: Params;
-
+#define PARAMS_BINDING DST_BINDING
 #else
-@group(0) @binding(2)
-var<storage, read_write> dst: array<f32>;
-@group(0) @binding(3)
-var<uniform> params: Params;
+#define PARAMS_BINDING (DST_BINDING + 1)
 #endif

-#else
-#ifdef INPLACE
-@group(0) @binding(1)
+@group(0) @binding(PARAMS_BINDING)
 var<uniform> params: Params;
-#else
-@group(0) @binding(1)
-var<storage, read_write> dst: array<f32>;
-@group(0) @binding(2)
-var<uniform> params: Params;
-#endif
-#endif
-#endif

 #ifdef INPLACE
 fn inter_value(i: u32) -> f32 {
@@ -242,4 +208,3 @@ fn main(@builtin(workgroup_id) wid: vec3<u32>,
        col += WG_SIZE;
    }
 }
-
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ struct Params {

    k: u32,
    ne2: u32,
-    ne3: u32,
 };

@group(0) @binding(3)
@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@ struct Params {
    n_head: u32,
    n_group: u32,
    n_seq_tokens: u32,
-    n_seqs: u32,

    y_elems: u32,
 };
@@ -487,7 +487,8 @@ static void ggml_backend_zdnn_device_get_props(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, ggml_back
        /* .async                = */ false,
        /* .host_buffer          = */ false,
        /* .buffer_from_host_ptr = */ false,
-        /* .events               = */ false
+        /* .events               = */ false,
+        /* .mmap_support         = */ true,
    };
 }

@@ -654,7 +654,8 @@ static void ggml_backend_zendnn_device_get_props(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, struct
        /* .async                = */ false,
        /* .host_buffer          = */ false,
        /* .buffer_from_host_ptr = */ true,
-        /* .events               = */ false
+        /* .events               = */ false,
+        /* .mmap_support         = */ true,
    };
 }

@@ -164,6 +164,13 @@ class Keys:
        NORM_BEFORE_RESIDUAL              = "{arch}.norm_before_residual"
        NORM_BEFORE_FC                    = "{arch}.norm_before_fc"

+    class Adapters:
+        COUNT                = "{arch}.adapters.count"
+        TOKEN_IDS_ACTIVATE   = "{arch}.adapters.token_ids_activate"
+        TOKEN_IDS_SUBSTITUTE = "{arch}.adapters.token_ids_substitute"
+        LORA_RANK            = "{arch}.adapters.lora_rank"
+        ROUTER_GAIN          = "{arch}.adapters.router_gain"
+
    class Attention:
        HEAD_COUNT                   = "{arch}.attention.head_count"
        HEAD_COUNT_KV                = "{arch}.attention.head_count_kv"
@@ -400,6 +407,8 @@ class Keys:

    class ClipGenAudio:
        PROJECTOR_TYPE      = "clip.gen.audio.projector_type" # for mixed modality models
+        # name of the weight variant, for settings that are not in the checkpoint
+        MODEL_VARIANT       = "clip.gen.audio.model_variant"
        EMBEDDING_LENGTH    = "clip.gen.audio.embedding_length"
        FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH = "clip.gen.audio.feed_forward_length"
        BLOCK_COUNT         = "clip.gen.audio.block_count"
@@ -502,6 +511,7 @@ class MODEL_ARCH(IntEnum):
    OLMO             = auto()
    OLMO2            = auto()
    OLMOE            = auto()
+    MUSE_GLIMMER     = auto()
    OPENELM          = auto()
    ARCTIC           = auto()
    DEEPSEEK         = auto()
@@ -527,6 +537,7 @@ class MODEL_ARCH(IntEnum):
    GRANITE          = auto()
    GRANITE_MOE      = auto()
    GRANITE_HYBRID   = auto()
+    GRANITE_SWITCH   = auto()
    CHAMELEON        = auto()
    WAVTOKENIZER_DEC = auto()
    PLM              = auto()
@@ -572,6 +583,7 @@ class MODEL_ARCH(IntEnum):
    MELLUM           = auto()
    NANBEIGE         = auto()
    QWEN3TTS         = auto()
+    POCKETTTS        = auto()


 class VISION_PROJECTOR_TYPE(IntEnum):
@@ -1031,6 +1043,38 @@ class MODEL_TENSOR(IntEnum):
    A_GEN_WAV_DAC_RES_CONV2        = auto() # DAC residual unit, pointwise causal conv
    A_GEN_WAV_DAC_POST_SNAKE       = auto() # DAC final SnakeBeta
    A_GEN_WAV_DAC_POST_CONV        = auto() # DAC conv_post -> 1-channel PCM
+    # pocket-tts: SEANet encoder (speaker path) and decoder (a.gen.wav path)
+    A_ENC_SEANET_CONV_IN     = auto()
+    A_ENC_SEANET_CONV_OUT    = auto()
+    A_ENC_SEANET_RES_CONV1   = auto() # residual unit, dilated conv
+    A_ENC_SEANET_RES_CONV2   = auto() # residual unit, pointwise conv
+    A_ENC_SEANET_SCALE_CONV  = auto() # strided downsample conv
+    A_ENC_ATTN_SCALE         = auto() # layer scale (gamma) on the attn output
+    A_ENC_FFN_SCALE_LS       = auto() # layer scale (gamma) on the FFN output
+    A_ENC_SPEAKER_PROJ       = auto() # voice latent -> backbone embd
+    A_GEN_FLOW_INPUT_PROJ    = auto()
+    A_GEN_FLOW_COND_EMBD     = auto()
+    A_GEN_FLOW_TIME_FREQS    = auto() # timestep embedder, stored cos/sin frequencies
+    A_GEN_FLOW_TIME_UP       = auto()
+    A_GEN_FLOW_TIME_DOWN     = auto()
+    A_GEN_FLOW_TIME_NORM     = auto() # RMSNorm alpha
+    A_GEN_FLOW_BLK_NORM      = auto() # AdaLN res block, in_ln
+    A_GEN_FLOW_BLK_UP        = auto()
+    A_GEN_FLOW_BLK_DOWN      = auto()
+    A_GEN_FLOW_BLK_ADA       = auto() # AdaLN modulation, -> shift/scale/gate
+    A_GEN_FLOW_FINAL_ADA     = auto() # final layer AdaLN modulation, -> shift/scale
+    A_GEN_FLOW_FINAL_PROJ    = auto()
+    A_GEN_OUT_EOS            = auto() # end-of-speech head on the backbone hidden state
+    A_GEN_INPUT_LINEAR       = auto() # generated latent -> backbone embd
+    A_GEN_EMB_MEAN           = auto() # latent denormalization stats
+    A_GEN_EMB_STD            = auto()
+    A_GEN_WAV_QUANT_OUT      = auto() # DummyQuantizer output_proj, latent -> decoder dim
+    A_GEN_WAV_UPSAMPLE       = auto() # frame rate -> encoder frame rate, depthwise convtr
+    A_GEN_WAV_SEANET_CONV_IN   = auto()
+    A_GEN_WAV_SEANET_CONV_OUT  = auto() # -> 1-channel PCM
+    A_GEN_WAV_SEANET_RES_CONV1 = auto()
+    A_GEN_WAV_SEANET_RES_CONV2 = auto()
+    A_GEN_WAV_SEANET_SCALE_CONV = auto() # strided upsample convtr
    A_MMPROJ              = auto()
    A_MMPROJ_FC           = auto()
    A_MM_NORM_PRE         = auto()
@@ -1173,6 +1217,7 @@ MODEL_ARCH_NAMES: dict[MODEL_ARCH, str] = {
    MODEL_ARCH.OLMO:             "olmo",
    MODEL_ARCH.OLMO2:            "olmo2",
    MODEL_ARCH.OLMOE:            "olmoe",
+    MODEL_ARCH.MUSE_GLIMMER:     "muse-glimmer",
    MODEL_ARCH.OPENELM:          "openelm",
    MODEL_ARCH.ARCTIC:           "arctic",
    MODEL_ARCH.DEEPSEEK:         "deepseek",
@@ -1198,6 +1243,7 @@ MODEL_ARCH_NAMES: dict[MODEL_ARCH, str] = {
    MODEL_ARCH.GRANITE:          "granite",
    MODEL_ARCH.GRANITE_MOE:      "granitemoe",
    MODEL_ARCH.GRANITE_HYBRID:   "granitehybrid",
+    MODEL_ARCH.GRANITE_SWITCH:   "graniteswitch",
    MODEL_ARCH.CHAMELEON:        "chameleon",
    MODEL_ARCH.WAVTOKENIZER_DEC: "wavtokenizer-dec",
    MODEL_ARCH.PLM:              "plm",
@@ -1244,6 +1290,7 @@ MODEL_ARCH_NAMES: dict[MODEL_ARCH, str] = {
    MODEL_ARCH.MELLUM:           "mellum",
    MODEL_ARCH.NANBEIGE:         "nanbeige",
    MODEL_ARCH.QWEN3TTS:         "qwen3tts",
+    MODEL_ARCH.POCKETTTS:        "pockettts",
 }

 VISION_PROJECTOR_TYPE_NAMES: dict[VISION_PROJECTOR_TYPE, str] = {
@@ -1553,8 +1600,8 @@ TENSOR_NAMES: dict[MODEL_TENSOR, str] = {
    MODEL_TENSOR.V_MM_UP:                   "mm.up",
    MODEL_TENSOR.V_MM_DOWN:                 "mm.down",
    MODEL_TENSOR.V_MM_GATE:                 "mm.gate",
-    MODEL_TENSOR.V_MM_MERGER_FC1:            "mm.merger.fc1",
-    MODEL_TENSOR.V_MM_MERGER_FC2:            "mm.merger.fc2",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.V_MM_MERGER_FC1:           "mm.merger.fc1",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.V_MM_MERGER_FC2:           "mm.merger.fc2",
    MODEL_TENSOR.V_TOK_BOI:                 "v.boi",
    MODEL_TENSOR.V_TOK_EOI:                 "v.eoi",
    MODEL_TENSOR.V_MM_PRE_NORM:             "mm.pre_norm",
@@ -1698,6 +1745,37 @@ TENSOR_NAMES: dict[MODEL_TENSOR, str] = {
    MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_WAV_DAC_RES_CONV2:   "a.gen.wav.dac.blk.{bid}.res.{xid}.conv2",
    MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_WAV_DAC_POST_SNAKE:  "a.gen.wav.dac.post_snake",
    MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_WAV_DAC_POST_CONV:   "a.gen.wav.dac.post_conv",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_SEANET_CONV_IN:      "a.seanet.conv_in",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_SEANET_CONV_OUT:     "a.seanet.conv_out",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_SEANET_RES_CONV1:    "a.seanet.blk.{bid}.res_conv1",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_SEANET_RES_CONV2:    "a.seanet.blk.{bid}.res_conv2",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_SEANET_SCALE_CONV:   "a.seanet.blk.{bid}.scale_conv",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_ATTN_SCALE:          "a.blk.{bid}.ls1",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_FFN_SCALE_LS:        "a.blk.{bid}.ls2",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_SPEAKER_PROJ:        "a.speaker_proj",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_FLOW_INPUT_PROJ:     "a.gen.flow.input_proj",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_FLOW_COND_EMBD:      "a.gen.flow.cond_embd",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_FLOW_TIME_FREQS:     "a.gen.flow.time.{bid}.freqs",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_FLOW_TIME_UP:        "a.gen.flow.time.{bid}.up",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_FLOW_TIME_DOWN:      "a.gen.flow.time.{bid}.down",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_FLOW_TIME_NORM:      "a.gen.flow.time.{bid}.norm",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_FLOW_BLK_NORM:       "a.gen.flow.blk.{bid}.norm",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_FLOW_BLK_UP:         "a.gen.flow.blk.{bid}.up",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_FLOW_BLK_DOWN:       "a.gen.flow.blk.{bid}.down",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_FLOW_BLK_ADA:        "a.gen.flow.blk.{bid}.ada",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_FLOW_FINAL_ADA:      "a.gen.flow.final.ada",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_FLOW_FINAL_PROJ:     "a.gen.flow.final.proj",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_OUT_EOS:             "a.gen.out_eos",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_INPUT_LINEAR:        "a.gen.input_linear",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_EMB_MEAN:            "a.gen.emb_mean",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_EMB_STD:             "a.gen.emb_std",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_WAV_QUANT_OUT:       "a.gen.wav.quant_out",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_WAV_UPSAMPLE:        "a.gen.wav.upsample",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_WAV_SEANET_CONV_IN:  "a.gen.wav.seanet.conv_in",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_WAV_SEANET_CONV_OUT: "a.gen.wav.seanet.conv_out",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_WAV_SEANET_RES_CONV1: "a.gen.wav.seanet.blk.{bid}.res_conv1",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_WAV_SEANET_RES_CONV2: "a.gen.wav.seanet.blk.{bid}.res_conv2",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_WAV_SEANET_SCALE_CONV: "a.gen.wav.seanet.blk.{bid}.scale_conv",
    MODEL_TENSOR.A_MMPROJ:                  "mm.a.mlp.{bid}",
    MODEL_TENSOR.A_MMPROJ_FC:               "mm.a.fc",
    MODEL_TENSOR.A_MM_NORM_PRE:             "mm.a.norm_pre",
@@ -2009,6 +2087,37 @@ MODEL_TENSORS: dict[MODEL_ARCH, list[MODEL_TENSOR]] = {
        MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_WAV_DAC_RES_CONV2,
        MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_WAV_DAC_POST_SNAKE,
        MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_WAV_DAC_POST_CONV,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_SEANET_CONV_IN,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_SEANET_CONV_OUT,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_SEANET_RES_CONV1,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_SEANET_RES_CONV2,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_SEANET_SCALE_CONV,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_ATTN_SCALE,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_FFN_SCALE_LS,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_SPEAKER_PROJ,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_FLOW_INPUT_PROJ,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_FLOW_COND_EMBD,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_FLOW_TIME_FREQS,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_FLOW_TIME_UP,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_FLOW_TIME_DOWN,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_FLOW_TIME_NORM,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_FLOW_BLK_NORM,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_FLOW_BLK_UP,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_FLOW_BLK_DOWN,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_FLOW_BLK_ADA,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_FLOW_FINAL_ADA,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_FLOW_FINAL_PROJ,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_OUT_EOS,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_INPUT_LINEAR,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_EMB_MEAN,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_EMB_STD,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_WAV_QUANT_OUT,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_WAV_UPSAMPLE,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_WAV_SEANET_CONV_IN,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_WAV_SEANET_CONV_OUT,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_WAV_SEANET_RES_CONV1,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_WAV_SEANET_RES_CONV2,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_GEN_WAV_SEANET_SCALE_CONV,
        MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_CONV_NORM_MEAN,
        MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_CONV_NORM_VAR,
        MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_MEL_FILTERS,
@@ -3322,6 +3431,25 @@ MODEL_TENSORS: dict[MODEL_ARCH, list[MODEL_TENSOR]] = {
        MODEL_TENSOR.FFN_UP_EXP,
        MODEL_TENSOR.FFN_DOWN_EXP,
    ],
+    MODEL_ARCH.MUSE_GLIMMER: [
+        MODEL_TENSOR.TOKEN_EMBD,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.OUTPUT,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.OUTPUT_NORM,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.ATTN_Q,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.ATTN_Q_NORM,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.ATTN_K,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.ATTN_K_NORM,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.ATTN_V,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.ATTN_OUT,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.ATTN_GATE,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.FFN_GATE,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.FFN_DOWN,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.FFN_UP,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.ATTN_NORM,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.ATTN_POST_NORM,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.FFN_PRE_NORM,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.FFN_POST_NORM,
+    ],
    MODEL_ARCH.OPENELM: [
        MODEL_TENSOR.TOKEN_EMBD,
        MODEL_TENSOR.OUTPUT_NORM,
@@ -3837,6 +3965,12 @@ MODEL_TENSORS: dict[MODEL_ARCH, list[MODEL_TENSOR]] = {
        MODEL_TENSOR.FFN_DOWN_SHEXP,
        MODEL_TENSOR.FFN_UP_SHEXP,
        MODEL_TENSOR.FFN_EXP_PROBS_B,
+        # NextN/MTP (draft head)
+        MODEL_TENSOR.ATTN_POST_NORM,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.NEXTN_EH_PROJ,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.NEXTN_ENORM,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.NEXTN_HNORM,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.NEXTN_SHARED_HEAD_NORM,
    ],
    MODEL_ARCH.EXAONE: [
        MODEL_TENSOR.TOKEN_EMBD,
@@ -3972,6 +4106,21 @@ MODEL_TENSORS: dict[MODEL_ARCH, list[MODEL_TENSOR]] = {
        MODEL_TENSOR.FFN_DOWN,
        MODEL_TENSOR.FFN_UP,
    ],
+    MODEL_ARCH.GRANITE_SWITCH: [
+        MODEL_TENSOR.TOKEN_EMBD,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.OUTPUT_NORM,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.OUTPUT,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.ATTN_NORM,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.ATTN_QKV,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.ATTN_Q,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.ATTN_K,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.ATTN_V,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.ATTN_OUT,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.FFN_NORM,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.FFN_GATE,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.FFN_DOWN,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.FFN_UP,
+    ],
    MODEL_ARCH.CHAMELEON: [
        MODEL_TENSOR.TOKEN_EMBD,
        MODEL_TENSOR.OUTPUT_NORM,
@@ -4577,6 +4726,7 @@ MODEL_TENSORS: dict[MODEL_ARCH, list[MODEL_TENSOR]] = {
        MODEL_TENSOR.D2T,
    ],
    MODEL_ARCH.DFLASH: [
+        MODEL_TENSOR.TOKEN_EMBD,
        MODEL_TENSOR.OUTPUT_NORM,
        MODEL_TENSOR.ATTN_NORM,
        MODEL_TENSOR.ATTN_Q,
@@ -4852,6 +5002,18 @@ MODEL_TENSORS: dict[MODEL_ARCH, list[MODEL_TENSOR]] = {
        MODEL_TENSOR.FFN_DOWN,
        MODEL_TENSOR.FFN_UP,
    ],
+    MODEL_ARCH.POCKETTTS: [
+        MODEL_TENSOR.TOKEN_EMBD,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.OUTPUT_NORM,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.ATTN_NORM,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.ATTN_Q,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.ATTN_K,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.ATTN_V,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.ATTN_OUT,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.FFN_NORM,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.FFN_DOWN,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.FFN_UP,
+    ],
 }

 # tensors that will not be serialized
@@ -5128,6 +5290,8 @@ class VisionProjectorType:
    NEMOTRON_V2_VL = "nemotron_v2_vl"
    QWEN3TTS_SPKENC = "qwen3tts_spkenc" # audio: ECAPA-TDNN speaker encoder
    QWEN3TTS_GEN = "qwen3tts_gen" # audio generation: code_predictor
+    POCKETTTS_SPKENC = "pockettts_spkenc" # audio: mimi encoder as voice-prompt encoder
+    POCKETTTS_GEN = "pockettts_gen" # audio generation: flow-matching decoder + mimi decoder
    HUNYUANVL      = "hunyuanvl"
    PARAKEET       = "parakeet"  # audio
    MINIMAXM3      = "minimax_m3"
@@ -5136,6 +5300,7 @@ class VisionProjectorType:
    MIMOVL         = "mimovl"
    MIMO_AUDIO     = "mimo_audio"
    GRANITE4_VISION = "granite4_vision"
+    MUSE_GLIMMER   = "muse-glimmer"


 # Items here are (block size, type size)
@@ -906,6 +906,21 @@ class GGUFWriter:
    def add_embedding_scale(self, value: float) -> None:
        self.add_float32(Keys.LLM.EMBEDDING_SCALE.format(arch=self.arch), value)

+    def add_adapter_count(self, count: int) -> None:
+        self.add_uint32(Keys.Adapters.COUNT.format(arch=self.arch), count)
+
+    def add_adapter_token_ids_activate(self, ids: Sequence[int]) -> None:
+        self.add_array(Keys.Adapters.TOKEN_IDS_ACTIVATE.format(arch=self.arch), ids)
+
+    def add_adapter_token_ids_substitute(self, ids: Sequence[int]) -> None:
+        self.add_array(Keys.Adapters.TOKEN_IDS_SUBSTITUTE.format(arch=self.arch), ids)
+
+    def add_adapter_lora_rank(self, rank: int) -> None:
+        self.add_uint32(Keys.Adapters.LORA_RANK.format(arch=self.arch), rank)
+
+    def add_adapter_router_gain(self, gain: float) -> None:
+        self.add_float32(Keys.Adapters.ROUTER_GAIN.format(arch=self.arch), gain)
+
    def add_wkv_head_size(self, size: int) -> None:
        self.add_uint32(Keys.WKV.HEAD_SIZE.format(arch=self.arch), size)

@@ -1438,6 +1453,9 @@ class GGUFWriter:
    def add_gen_audio_attention_layernorm_eps(self, value: float) -> None:
        self.add_float32(Keys.ClipGenAudio.Attention.LAYERNORM_EPS, value)

+    def add_gen_audio_model_variant(self, value: str) -> None:
+        self.add_string(Keys.ClipGenAudio.MODEL_VARIANT, value)
+
    def add_xielu_alpha_p(self, values: Sequence[float]):
        self.add_array(Keys.xIELU.ALPHA_P, values)

@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ class TensorNameMap:
        ),

        MODEL_TENSOR.ATTN_GATE: (
-            "model.layers.{bid}.self_attn.gate_proj", # afmoe
+            "model.layers.{bid}.self_attn.gate_proj", # afmoe muse-glimmer
            "model.layers.{bid}.linear_attn.in_proj_z",  # qwen3.5
            "model.layers.{bid}.self_attn.g_proj",    # step3.5 head-wise attention gate
        ),
@@ -1298,10 +1298,12 @@ class TensorNameMap:
            "encoder.final_layer_norm", # t5
            "layer_norm",               # neobert
            "model.hidden_norm",        # dflash
+            "encoder.output_norm_enc",  # dflash (transformers MuseGlimmerAssistant)
        ),

        MODEL_TENSOR.FC: (
-            "model.fc", # dflash
+            "model.fc",   # dflash
+            "encoder.fc", # dflash (transformers MuseGlimmerAssistant)
        ),

        MODEL_TENSOR.DSPARK_MARKOV_W1: (
@@ -1467,6 +1469,7 @@ class TensorNameMap:
            "vision_tower.patch_embed.patchifier.proj", # dots.ocr
            "vision_model.conv1", # Step3-VL
            "model.vision_embedder.patch_dense", # gemma4 unified
+            "model.vision_tower.patch_embedder.patch_embedding", # muse-glimmer
        ),

        MODEL_TENSOR.V_ENC_EMBD_NORM: (
@@ -1534,7 +1537,8 @@ class TensorNameMap:
            "siglip2.vision_model.encoder.layers.{bid}.self_attn.q_proj", # youtuvl
            "model.vision_model.transformer.layers.{bid}.self_attn.q_proj", # Deepseek-OCR CLIP, generated
            "vision_model.model.layers.{bid}.self_attn.q_proj.linear", # gemma4
-            "model.qwen2_model.model.model.layers.{bid}.self_attn.q_proj" # Deepseek-OCR-2 qwen2
+            "model.qwen2_model.model.model.layers.{bid}.self_attn.q_proj", # Deepseek-OCR-2 qwen2
+            "model.vision_tower.layers.{bid}.attn.q_proj", # muse-glimmer
        ),

        MODEL_TENSOR.V_ENC_ATTN_Q_NORM: (
@@ -1560,7 +1564,8 @@ class TensorNameMap:
            "model.vision_model.transformer.layers.{bid}.self_attn.k_proj", # Deepseek-OCR CLIP, generated
            "siglip2.vision_model.encoder.layers.{bid}.self_attn.k_proj",
            "vision_model.model.layers.{bid}.self_attn.k_proj.linear", # gemma4
-            "model.qwen2_model.model.model.layers.{bid}.self_attn.k_proj" # Deepseek-OCR-2 qwen2
+            "model.qwen2_model.model.model.layers.{bid}.self_attn.k_proj", # Deepseek-OCR-2 qwen2
+            "model.vision_tower.layers.{bid}.attn.k_proj", # muse-glimmer
        ),

        MODEL_TENSOR.V_ENC_ATTN_K_NORM: (
@@ -1586,7 +1591,8 @@ class TensorNameMap:
            "siglip2.vision_model.encoder.layers.{bid}.self_attn.v_proj",
            "model.vision_model.transformer.layers.{bid}.self_attn.v_proj", # Deepseek-OCR CLIP, generated
            "vision_model.model.layers.{bid}.self_attn.v_proj.linear", # gemma4
-            "model.qwen2_model.model.model.layers.{bid}.self_attn.v_proj" # Deepseek-OCR-2 qwen2
+            "model.qwen2_model.model.model.layers.{bid}.self_attn.v_proj", # Deepseek-OCR-2 qwen2
+            "model.vision_tower.layers.{bid}.attn.v_proj", # muse-glimmer
        ),

        MODEL_TENSOR.V_ENC_INPUT_NORM: (
@@ -1610,6 +1616,7 @@ class TensorNameMap:
            "vision_tower.blocks.{bid}.norm1", # dots.ocr
            "vision_model.transformer.resblocks.{bid}.ln_1", # Step3-VL
            "model.qwen2_model.model.model.layers.{bid}.input_layernorm", # Deepseek-OCR-2 qwen2
+            "model.vision_tower.layers.{bid}.norm1", # muse-glimmer
        ),

        MODEL_TENSOR.V_ENC_ATTN_O: (
@@ -1635,6 +1642,7 @@ class TensorNameMap:
            "vision_model.model.layers.{bid}.self_attn.o_proj.linear", # gemma4
            "vision_tower.blocks.{bid}.attn.proj", # dots.ocr
            "vision_model.transformer.resblocks.{bid}.attn.out_proj", # Step3-VL
+            "model.vision_tower.layers.{bid}.attn.proj", # muse-glimmer
        ),

        MODEL_TENSOR.V_ENC_ATTN_SINKS: (
@@ -1663,6 +1671,7 @@ class TensorNameMap:
            "vision_tower.blocks.{bid}.norm2", # dots.ocr
            "vision_model.transformer.resblocks.{bid}.ln_2", # Step3-VL
            "model.qwen2_model.model.model.layers.{bid}.post_attention_layernorm", # Deepseek-OCR-2 qwen2
+            "model.vision_tower.layers.{bid}.norm2", # muse-glimmer
        ),

        MODEL_TENSOR.V_ENC_FFN_UP: (
@@ -1687,6 +1696,7 @@ class TensorNameMap:
            "vision_model.model.layers.{bid}.mlp.up_proj", # gemma4
            "vision_model.transformer.resblocks.{bid}.mlp.c_fc", # Step3-VL
            "model.qwen2_model.model.model.layers.{bid}.mlp.up_proj", # Deepseek-OCR-2 qwen2
+            "model.vision_tower.layers.{bid}.mlp.fc1", # muse-glimmer
        ),

        MODEL_TENSOR.V_ENC_FFN_GATE: (
@@ -1719,6 +1729,7 @@ class TensorNameMap:
            "model.qwen2_model.model.model.layers.{bid}.mlp.down_proj" , # Deepseek-OCR-2 qwen2
            "vision_model.model.layers.{bid}.mlp.down_proj", # gemma4
            "vision_model.transformer.resblocks.{bid}.mlp.c_proj", # Step3-VL
+            "model.vision_tower.layers.{bid}.mlp.fc2", # muse-glimmer
        ),

        MODEL_TENSOR.V_ENC_ATTN_POST_NORM: (
@@ -1753,6 +1764,7 @@ class TensorNameMap:
            "model.vision_model.pre_layrnorm", # Deepseek-OCR CLIP
            "vision_tower.patch_embed.patchifier.norm", # dots.ocr
            "vision_model.ln_pre", # Step3-VL
+            "model.vision_tower.ln_pre", # muse-glimmer
        ),

        MODEL_TENSOR.V_POST_NORM: (
@@ -1766,6 +1778,7 @@ class TensorNameMap:
            "visual.post_layernorm", # glm4v
            "siglip2.vision_model.post_layernorm",
            "model.qwen2_model.model.model.norm", # Deepseek-OCR-2 qwen2
+            "model.vision_tower.ln_post", # muse-glimmer
        ),

        MODEL_TENSOR.V_MM_POST_NORM: (
@@ -203,11 +203,12 @@ extern "C" {
    };

    enum llama_load_mode {
-        LLAMA_LOAD_MODE_NONE       = 0, // no special loading mode
-        LLAMA_LOAD_MODE_MMAP       = 1, // memory map the model
-        LLAMA_LOAD_MODE_MLOCK      = 2, // force system to keep model in RAM rather than swapping or compressing
-        LLAMA_LOAD_MODE_MMAP_MLOCK = 3, // mmap + force system to keep model in RAM rather than swapping or compressing
-        LLAMA_LOAD_MODE_DIRECT_IO  = 4, // use direct I/O if available
+        LLAMA_LOAD_MODE_AUTO       = -1, // auto-detect based on device capabilities
+        LLAMA_LOAD_MODE_NONE       =  0, // no special loading mode
+        LLAMA_LOAD_MODE_MMAP       =  1, // memory map the model
+        LLAMA_LOAD_MODE_MLOCK      =  2, // force system to keep model in RAM rather than swapping or compressing
+        LLAMA_LOAD_MODE_MMAP_MLOCK =  3, // mmap + force system to keep model in RAM rather than swapping or compressing
+        LLAMA_LOAD_MODE_DIRECT_IO  =  4, // use direct I/O if available
    };

    LLAMA_API const char * llama_load_mode_name(enum llama_load_mode load_mode);
@@ -348,14 +349,15 @@ extern "C" {
    // NOTE: changing the default values of parameters marked as [EXPERIMENTAL] may cause crashes or incorrect results in certain configurations
    //       https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/7544
    struct llama_context_params {
-        uint32_t n_ctx;             // text context, 0 = from model
-        uint32_t n_batch;           // logical maximum batch size that can be submitted to llama_decode
-        uint32_t n_ubatch;          // physical maximum batch size
-        uint32_t n_seq_max;         // max number of sequences (i.e. distinct states for recurrent models)
-        uint32_t n_rs_seq;          // number of recurrent-state snapshots per seq for rollback (0 = no rollback) [EXPERIMENTAL]
-        uint32_t n_outputs_max;     // max outputs in a ubatch (0 = n_batch)
-        int32_t  n_threads;         // number of threads to use for generation
-        int32_t  n_threads_batch;   // number of threads to use for batch processing
+        uint32_t n_ctx;                 // text context, 0 = from model
+        uint32_t n_batch;               // logical maximum batch size that can be submitted to llama_decode
+        uint32_t n_ubatch;              // physical maximum batch size
+        uint32_t n_seq_max;             // max number of sequences (i.e. distinct states for recurrent models)
+        uint32_t n_rs_seq;              // number of recurrent-state snapshots per seq for rollback (0 = no rollback) [EXPERIMENTAL]
+        uint32_t n_outputs_max;         // max outputs in a ubatch (0 = n_batch)
+        uint32_t n_outputs_max_per_seq; // max outputs per sequence (0 = n_outputs_max)
+        int32_t  n_threads;             // number of threads to use for generation
+        int32_t  n_threads_batch;       // number of threads to use for batch processing

        enum llama_context_type      ctx_type;          // set the context type (e.g. MTP)
        enum llama_rope_scaling_type rope_scaling_type; // RoPE scaling type, from `enum llama_rope_scaling_type`
@@ -1054,6 +1056,9 @@ extern "C" {
    //

    // Get the backend sampled token for the ith token.
+    // With multiple outputs, sampler state advances when the token is accepted,
+    // not when it is read through this function.
+    // When accepting multiple outputs, accept a contiguous prefix in output order.
    // Returns LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL if no token was sampled.
    LLAMA_API llama_token llama_get_sampled_token_ith(struct llama_context * ctx, int32_t i);

@@ -1270,9 +1275,12 @@ extern "C" {
        // [EXPERIMENTAL]
        // backend sampling interface:

-        // return true if the backend supports all ops needed by the sampler
+        // return true if the backend supports all ops needed by the sampler and can handle up to n_outputs_max_per_seq outputs per sequence
        // note: call once per sampler
-        bool (*backend_init)(struct llama_sampler * smpl, ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft);
+        bool (*backend_init)(
+                struct llama_sampler       * smpl,
+                ggml_backend_buffer_type_t   buft,
+                uint32_t                     n_outputs_max_per_seq);

        // call after .backend_apply()
        void (*backend_accept)(
@@ -1290,6 +1298,13 @@ extern "C" {

        // called before graph execution to set inputs for the current ubatch
        void (*backend_set_input)(struct llama_sampler * smpl);
+
+        // called before rebuilding a sampling graph to clear any internal sampler state
+        void (*backend_reset)(struct llama_sampler * smpl);
+
+        // copy mutable state from src into dst while keeping dst's references to the current sampling graph
+        // src and dst must have the same type and configuration
+        void (*copy_state)(const struct llama_sampler * src, struct llama_sampler * dst);
    };

    struct llama_sampler {
@@ -1310,6 +1325,7 @@ extern "C" {
    LLAMA_API void                   llama_sampler_apply (      struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token_data_array * cur_p);
    LLAMA_API void                   llama_sampler_reset (      struct llama_sampler * smpl);
    LLAMA_API struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_clone (const struct llama_sampler * smpl);
+    LLAMA_API void                   llama_sampler_copy  (const struct llama_sampler * src, struct llama_sampler * dst);
    // important: do not free if the sampler has been added to a llama_sampler_chain (via llama_sampler_chain_add)
    LLAMA_API void                   llama_sampler_free  (      struct llama_sampler * smpl);

@@ -1499,6 +1515,7 @@ extern "C" {
    LLAMA_API uint32_t llama_sampler_get_seed(const struct llama_sampler * smpl);

    /// @details Sample and accept a token from the idx-th output of the last evaluation
+    // For multiple outputs from one sampler, call this function in output order without gaps.
    //
    // Shorthand for:
    //    const auto * logits = llama_get_logits_ith(ctx, idx);
@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+{#
+  Template: Muse Glimmer ATEM Chat Template
+  Renders the ATEM tool-calling protocol: reasoning channel (to=self), tool
+  channels (to=<tool>), and the user channel, plus tool definitions and the
+  valid-recipient list in the system block.
+
+  Whitespace note: every tag uses the {%- -%} / {{- -}} stripping markers, so
+  the indentation below is purely for readability and contributes nothing to
+  the rendered output.
+#}
+{%- macro render_content(content) -%}
+    {%- if content is string -%}
+        {{- content -}}
+    {%- elif content is not none -%}
+        {%- for part in content -%}
+            {%- if part['type'] == 'image' -%}
+                {{- '<|patch|>' -}}
+            {%- elif part['type'] == 'video' -%}
+                {{- '<|video|>' -}}
+            {%- elif part['type'] == 'text' -%}
+                {{- part['text'] -}}
+            {%- endif -%}
+        {%- endfor -%}
+    {%- endif -%}
+{%- endmacro -%}
+{%- macro render_atem(tc) -%}
+    {%- set args = tc.function.arguments -%}
+    {%- if args is not mapping -%}
+        {{- raise_exception('Muse Glimmer ATEM chat template requires tool_call.function.arguments to be a dict (mapping); a JSON string cannot be parsed in the HF jinja sandbox.') -}}
+    {%- endif -%}
+    {{- '<atem:function_calls>\n<atem:invoke name="' + tc.function.name + '">\n' -}}
+    {%- for k, v in args.items() -%}
+        {{- '<atem:parameter name="' + k + '">' -}}
+        {%- if v is boolean -%}
+            {%- if v -%}
+                true
+            {%- else -%}
+                false
+            {%- endif -%}
+        {%- elif v is none -%}
+            null
+        {%- elif v is mapping or (v is iterable and v is not string) -%}
+            {{- v | tojson -}}
+        {%- else -%}
+            {{- v -}}
+        {%- endif -%}
+        {{- '</atem:parameter>\n' -}}
+    {%- endfor -%}
+    {{- '</atem:invoke>\n</atem:function_calls>' -}}
+{%- endmacro -%}
+{%- macro render_tool_defs(tools) -%}
+    {{- 'In this environment you have access to a set of tools you can use to answer the user\'s question.\n\n' -}}
+    {{- 'You can invoke a function by writing a "<atem:function_calls>" block like the following:\n' -}}
+    {{- '<atem:function_calls>\n<atem:invoke name="$FUNCTION_NAME">\n<atem:parameter name="$PARAMETER_NAME">$PARAMETER_VALUE</atem:parameter>\n...\n</atem:invoke>\n</atem:function_calls>\n\n' -}}
+    {{- 'String and scalar parameters should be specified as is, while lists and objects should use JSON format. Note that spaces for string values are not stripped. The output is not expected to be valid XML and is parsed with regular expressions.\n' -}}
+    {{- 'Here are the functions available in JSONSchema format:\n' -}}
+    {{- '// Tool metadata\n' -}}
+    {%- set nsns = namespace(seen=[]) -%}
+    {%- for tool in tools -%}
+        {%- set fn = tool.function if tool.function is defined else tool -%}
+        {%- set tns = fn.name.split('.')[0] -%}
+        {%- if tns not in nsns.seen -%}
+            {%- set nsns.seen = nsns.seen + [tns] -%}
+        {%- endif -%}
+    {%- endfor -%}
+    {%- set nd = tool_namespace_descriptions if tool_namespace_descriptions is defined else {} -%}
+    {%- for tns in nsns.seen -%}
+        {{- '{"name": ' + (tns | tojson) + ', "description": ' + ((nd[tns] if tns in nd else '') | tojson) + '}\n' -}}
+    {%- endfor -%}
+    {{- '// Function schemas' -}}
+    {%- for tool in tools -%}
+        {%- set fn = tool.function if tool.function is defined else tool -%}
+        {{- '\n{"name": ' + (fn.name | tojson) + ', "description": ' + (fn.description | tojson) + ', "parameters": ' + (fn.parameters | tojson) + '}' -}}
+    {%- endfor -%}
+    {{- '\n\nHere\'s an example of how to call a function in the tool set:\n' -}}
+    {{- '(If the tool namespace is not specified, invoke the function directly as `example_function_name` rather than `example_tool_name.example_function_name`)\n\n' -}}
+    {{- 'to=example_tool_name.example_function_name\n\n' -}}
+    {{- '<atem:function_calls>\n<atem:invoke name="example_tool_name.example_function_name">\n' -}}
+    {{- '<atem:parameter name="example_parameter_1">value_1</atem:parameter>\n' -}}
+    {{- '<atem:parameter name="example_parameter_2">This is the value for the second parameter\nthat can span\n"multiple" lines\n</atem:parameter>\n' -}}
+    {{- '</atem:invoke>\n</atem:function_calls>' -}}
+{%- endmacro -%}
+{%- macro render_reasoning() -%}
+    {%- set rs = reasoning_strength if reasoning_strength is defined and reasoning_strength else 'high' -%}
+    {{- 'Reasoning strength: ' + rs + '.' -}}
+{%- endmacro -%}
+{%- macro render_system_meta(tools) -%}
+    {%- set rns = namespace(recipients=['"self"'], nslist=[]) -%}
+    {%- if tools -%}
+        {%- for tool in tools -%}
+            {%- set fn = tool.function if tool.function is defined else tool -%}
+            {%- set tns = fn.name.split('.')[0] -%}
+            {%- if tns not in rns.nslist -%}
+                {%- set rns.nslist = rns.nslist + [tns] -%}
+            {%- endif -%}
+        {%- endfor -%}
+        {%- for tns in rns.nslist -%}
+            {%- set rns.recipients = rns.recipients + ['"' + tns + '.*"'] -%}
+        {%- endfor -%}
+    {%- endif -%}
+    {%- set rns.recipients = rns.recipients + ['"user"'] -%}
+    {{- '# Valid recipients: ' + rns.recipients | join(', ') + '.' -}}
+{%- endmacro -%}
+{{- bos_token -}}
+{%- set ns = namespace(has_system=false) -%}
+{%- for m in messages -%}
+    {%- if m['role'] == 'system' -%}
+        {%- set ns.has_system = true -%}
+    {%- endif -%}
+{%- endfor -%}
+{%- if not ns.has_system -%}
+    {{- '<|start|>system<|message|>You are a helpful AI assistant.' -}}
+    {%- set kc = knowledge_cutoff if knowledge_cutoff is defined and knowledge_cutoff else '2026-01-04' -%}
+    {{- '\nKnowledge cutoff: ' + kc + '.' -}}
+    {%- if current_date is defined and current_date -%}
+        {{- '\nCurrent date: ' + current_date + '.' -}}
+    {%- elif strftime_now is defined -%}
+        {{- '\nCurrent date: ' + strftime_now('%Y-%m-%d') + '.' -}}
+    {%- endif -%}
+    {{- '\n\n' -}}
+    {{- render_reasoning() -}}
+    {%- if tools -%}
+        {{- '\n\n' -}}
+        {{- render_tool_defs(tools) -}}
+    {%- endif -%}
+    {{- '\n\n' -}}
+    {{- render_system_meta(tools) -}}
+    {{- '<|eot|>' -}}
+{%- endif -%}
+{%- for message in messages -%}
+    {%- set role = message['role'] -%}
+    {%- set end_token = '<|eom|>' if (not loop.last and messages[loop.index0 + 1]['role'] == role) else '<|eot|>' -%}
+    {%- if role == 'system' -%}
+        {#- Callers sometimes write the directive into the system prompt themselves.
+            Normalise "Reasoning effort" to "Reasoning strength" (jinja has no
+            case-insensitive replace, hence the four realistic casings), then skip
+            the kwarg-driven line below if the prompt already carries one. -#}
+        {%- set sys_text = render_content(message['content'])
+              | replace('Reasoning effort', 'Reasoning strength')
+              | replace('Reasoning Effort', 'Reasoning Strength')
+              | replace('reasoning effort', 'reasoning strength')
+              | replace('REASONING EFFORT', 'REASONING STRENGTH') -%}
+        {{- '<|start|>system<|message|>' -}}
+        {{- sys_text -}}
+        {%- if 'reasoning strength' not in (sys_text | lower) -%}
+            {{- '\n\n' -}}
+            {{- render_reasoning() -}}
+        {%- endif -%}
+        {%- if tools -%}
+            {{- '\n\n' -}}
+            {{- render_tool_defs(tools) -}}
+        {%- endif -%}
+        {{- '\n\n' -}}
+        {{- render_system_meta(tools) -}}
+        {{- '<|eot|>' -}}
+    {%- elif role == 'user' -%}
+        {{- '<|start|>user<|message|>' -}}
+        {{- render_content(message['content']) -}}
+        {{- '<|eot|>' -}}
+    {%- elif role == 'tool' -%}
+        {%- set tname = message.get('name') -%}
+        {%- if not tname -%}
+            {%- set tcid = message.get('tool_call_id') -%}
+            {%- set rns = namespace(name=tcid if tcid else '') -%}
+            {%- for m in messages -%}
+                {%- if m.get('tool_calls') -%}
+                    {%- for tc in m['tool_calls'] -%}
+                        {%- if tcid is not none and tc.id is defined and tc.id == tcid -%}
+                            {%- set rns.name = tc.function.name -%}
+                        {%- endif -%}
+                    {%- endfor -%}
+                {%- endif -%}
+            {%- endfor -%}
+            {%- set tname = rns.name -%}
+        {%- endif -%}
+        {{- '<|start|>tool ' + tname + '<|message|><tool_output name="' + tname + '">\n' -}}
+        {{- render_content(message['content']) -}}
+        {{- '\n</tool_output><|eot|>' -}}
+    {%- elif role == 'assistant' -%}
+        {%- if message.get('reasoning_content') -%}
+            {{- '<|start|>assistant to=self<|message|>' + message['reasoning_content'] + '<|eom|>' -}}
+        {%- endif -%}
+        {%- if message.get('tool_calls') -%}
+            {%- for tc in message['tool_calls'] -%}
+                {{- '<|start|>assistant to=' + tc.function.name + '<|message|>' -}}
+                {{- render_atem(tc) -}}
+                {%- if loop.last -%}
+                    {{- end_token -}}
+                {%- else -%}
+                    {{- '<|eom|>' -}}
+                {%- endif -%}
+            {%- endfor -%}
+        {%- else -%}
+            {%- set recipient = message.get('recipient') or 'user' -%}
+            {%- set end_turn = message.get('end_turn') -%}
+            {%- if end_turn is none -%}
+                {%- set end_turn = not (recipient and recipient != 'user') -%}
+            {%- endif -%}
+            {{- '<|start|>assistant' -}}
+            {%- if recipient -%}
+                {{- ' to=' + recipient -}}
+            {%- endif -%}
+            {{- '<|message|>' -}}
+            {{- render_content(message['content']) -}}
+            {{- ('<|eot|>' if end_turn else '<|eom|>') -}}
+        {%- endif -%}
+    {%- endif -%}
+{%- endfor -%}
+{%- if add_generation_prompt -%}
+    {{- '<|start|>assistant' -}}
+{%- endif -%}
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 {#- Iteration on laguna_glm_thinking_v8/chat_template.jinja -#}
 {#- No formatting instructions -#}
 {{- "〈|EOS|〉" -}}
-{%- set enable_thinking = enable_thinking | default(false) -%}
+{%- set enable_thinking = enable_thinking | default(true) -%}
 {%- set add_generation_prompt = add_generation_prompt | default(false) -%}
+{%- set preserve_thinking = preserve_thinking | default(false) -%}

 {#- ───── header (system message) ───── -#}
 {#- A caller-supplied system message with empty content opts out of the default below, producing no <system> block — used to train without a system message. -#}
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@
        {%- set reasoning_content = message.reasoning_content -%}
      {%- endif -%}
      {#- Display reasoning content for all messages if enable_thinking -#}
-      {%- if enable_thinking -%}
+      {%- if enable_thinking or preserve_thinking -%}
        {{- '<think>' + reasoning_content + '</think>' -}}
      {%- else -%}
        {{- '</think>' -}}
@@ -2,8 +2,4 @@
 --extra-index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cpu

 ## Embedding Gemma requires PyTorch 2.6.0 or later, bumped to 2.11.0 for compatibility
-torch==2.11.0; platform_machine != "s390x"
-
-# torch s390x packages can only be found from nightly builds
--extra-index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/nightly
-torch>=0.0.0.dev0; platform_machine == "s390x"
+torch==2.11.0
@@ -1,4 +1,2 @@
 -r ./requirements-convert_hf_to_gguf.txt
 --extra-index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cpu
-# torch s390x packages can only be found from nightly builds
--extra-index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/nightly
@@ -1,105 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-'''
-    This script fetches all the models used in the server tests.
-
-    This is useful for slow tests that use larger models, to avoid them timing out on the model downloads.
-
-    It is meant to be run from the root of the repository.
-
-    Example:
-        python scripts/fetch_server_test_models.py
-        ( cd tools/server/tests && ./tests.sh -v -x -m slow )
-'''
-import ast
-import glob
-import logging
-import os
-from typing import Generator
-from pydantic import BaseModel
-from typing import Optional
-import subprocess
-
-
-class HuggingFaceModel(BaseModel):
-    hf_repo: str
-    hf_file: Optional[str] = None
-
-    class Config:
-        frozen = True
-
-
-def collect_hf_model_test_parameters(test_file) -> Generator[HuggingFaceModel, None, None]:
-    try:
-        with open(test_file) as f:
-            tree = ast.parse(f.read())
-    except Exception as e:
-        logging.error(f'collect_hf_model_test_parameters failed on {test_file}: {e}')
-        return
-
-    for node in ast.walk(tree):
-        if isinstance(node, ast.FunctionDef):
-            for dec in node.decorator_list:
-                if isinstance(dec, ast.Call) and isinstance(dec.func, ast.Attribute) and dec.func.attr == 'parametrize':
-                    param_names = ast.literal_eval(dec.args[0]).split(",")
-                    if "hf_repo" not in param_names:
-                        continue
-
-                    raw_param_values = dec.args[1]
-                    if not isinstance(raw_param_values, ast.List):
-                        logging.warning(f'Skipping non-list parametrize entry at {test_file}:{node.lineno}')
-                        continue
-
-                    hf_repo_idx = param_names.index("hf_repo")
-                    hf_file_idx = param_names.index("hf_file") if "hf_file" in param_names else None
-
-                    for t in raw_param_values.elts:
-                        if not isinstance(t, ast.Tuple):
-                            logging.warning(f'Skipping non-tuple parametrize entry at {test_file}:{node.lineno}')
-                            continue
-                        yield HuggingFaceModel(
-                            hf_repo=ast.literal_eval(t.elts[hf_repo_idx]),
-                            hf_file=ast.literal_eval(t.elts[hf_file_idx]) if hf_file_idx is not None else None)
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format='%(levelname)s: %(message)s')
-
-    models = sorted(list(set([
-        model
-        for test_file in glob.glob('tools/server/tests/unit/test_*.py')
-        for model in collect_hf_model_test_parameters(test_file)
-    ])), key=lambda m: (m.hf_repo, m.hf_file))
-
-    logging.info(f'Found {len(models)} models in parameterized tests:')
-    for m in models:
-        logging.info(f'  - {m.hf_repo} / {m.hf_file}')
-
-    cli_path = os.environ.get(
-        'LLAMA_CLI_BIN_PATH',
-        os.path.join(
-            os.path.dirname(__file__),
-            '../build/bin/Release/llama-cli.exe' if os.name == 'nt' else '../build/bin/llama-cli'))
-
-    for m in models:
-        if '<' in m.hf_repo or (m.hf_file is not None and '<' in m.hf_file):
-            continue
-        if m.hf_file is not None and '-of-' in m.hf_file:
-            logging.warning(f'Skipping model at {m.hf_repo} / {m.hf_file} because it is a split file')
-            continue
-        logging.info(f'Using llama-cli to ensure model {m.hf_repo}/{m.hf_file} was fetched')
-        cmd = [
-            cli_path,
-            '-hfr', m.hf_repo,
-            *([] if m.hf_file is None else ['-hff', m.hf_file]),
-            '-n', '1',
-            '-p', 'Hey',
-            '--no-warmup',
-            '--log-disable',
-            '-st']
-        if m.hf_file != 'tinyllamas/stories260K.gguf' and 'Mistral-Nemo' not in m.hf_repo:
-            cmd += ('-fa', 'on')
-        try:
-            subprocess.check_call(cmd)
-        except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
-            logging.error(f'Failed to fetch model at {m.hf_repo} / {m.hf_file} with command:\n  {" ".join(cmd)}')
-            exit(1)
@@ -60,90 +60,10 @@ def main():
    log_file = sys.argv[1]
    ignored = {
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-        '_ZL24mul_mat_q_stream_k_fixupIL9ggml_type11ELi128ELb0EEvPKiS2_PfPKfiiimimimi',
-        '_ZL18flash_attn_ext_f16ILi128ELi128ELi32ELi1ELb0ELb0EEvPKcS1_S1_S1_S1_PKiPfP15HIP_vector_typeIfLj2EEffffjfiS5_IjLj3EEiiiiiiiiiiiliiliiiiil',
-        '_ZL9mul_mat_qIL9ggml_type2ELi112ELb0EEvPKcPKiS4_S4_PfS5_iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii',
-        '_ZL18flash_attn_ext_f16ILi112ELi112ELi32ELi2ELb0ELb0EEvPKcS1_S1_S1_S1_PKiPfP15HIP_vector_typeIfLj2EEffffjfiS5_IjLj3EEiiiiiiiiiiiliiliiiiil',
-        '_ZL18flash_attn_ext_f16ILi112ELi112ELi4ELi8ELb0ELb0EEvPKcS1_S1_S1_S1_PKiPfP15HIP_vector_typeIfLj2EEffffjfiS5_IjLj3EEiiiiiiiiiiiliiliiiiil',
-        '_ZL18flash_attn_ext_f16ILi128ELi128ELi32ELi1ELb1ELb0EEvPKcS1_S1_S1_S1_PKiPfP15HIP_vector_typeIfLj2EEffffjfiS5_IjLj3EEiiiiiiiiiiiliiliiiiil',
-        '_ZL18flash_attn_ext_f16ILi128ELi128ELi32ELi2ELb1ELb0EEvPKcS1_S1_S1_S1_PKiPfP15HIP_vector_typeIfLj2EEffffjfiS5_IjLj3EEiiiiiiiiiiiliiliiiiil',
-        '_ZL18flash_attn_ext_f16ILi128ELi128ELi4ELi8ELb1ELb0EEvPKcS1_S1_S1_S1_PKiPfP15HIP_vector_typeIfLj2EEffffjfiS5_IjLj3EEiiiiiiiiiiiliiliiiiil',
-        '_ZL18flash_attn_ext_f16ILi96ELi96ELi4ELi8ELb0ELb0EEvPKcS1_S1_S1_S1_PKiPfP15HIP_vector_typeIfLj2EEffffjfiS5_IjLj3EEiiiiiiiiiiiliiliiiiil',
-        '_ZL18flash_attn_ext_vecILi128ELi2EL9ggml_type2ELS0_2ELb0EEvPKcS2_S2_S2_S2_PKiPfP15HIP_vector_typeIfLj2EEffffjfiS6_IjLj3EEiiiiiiiiiiiliiliiiiil',
-        '_ZL9mul_mat_qIL9ggml_type10ELi16ELb1EEvPKcPKiS4_S4_PfS5_iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii',
-        '_ZL9mul_mat_qIL9ggml_type12ELi128ELb1EEvPKcPKiS4_S4_PfS5_iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii',
-        '_ZL9mul_mat_qIL9ggml_type40ELi112ELb0EEvPKcPKiS4_S4_PfS5_iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii',
-        '_ZL9mul_mat_qIL9ggml_type40ELi112ELb1EEvPKcPKiS4_S4_PfS5_iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii',
-        '_ZL9mul_mat_qIL9ggml_type40ELi128ELb0EEvPKcPKiS4_S4_PfS5_iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii',
-        '_ZL9mul_mat_qIL9ggml_type40ELi128ELb1EEvPKcPKiS4_S4_PfS5_iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii'
+        '_ZL12rwkv_wkv_f32ILi128EEviiiiPKfS1_S1_S1_S1_S1_Pf',
+        '_ZL9mul_mat_qIL9ggml_type10ELi64ELb1EEvPKcPKiS4_S4_PfS5_PKf15HIP_vector_typeIjLj3EEiiiiiS9_S9_iiiS9_S9_iiiS9_',
+        '_ZL9mul_mat_qIL9ggml_type42ELi128ELb1EEvPKcPKiS4_S4_PfS5_PKf15HIP_vector_typeIjLj3EEiiiiiS9_S9_iiiS9_S9_iiiS9_',
    }

    functions = parse_log_file(log_file)
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import os
 import sys
 import subprocess

-HTTPLIB_VERSION = "refs/tags/v0.52.0"
+HTTPLIB_VERSION = "refs/tags/v0.53.0"

 vendor = {
    "https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/latest/download/json.hpp":     "vendor/nlohmann/json.hpp",
@@ -21,34 +21,13 @@ vendor = {
    f"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/yhirose/cpp-httplib/{HTTPLIB_VERSION}/split.py":  "split.py",
    f"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/yhirose/cpp-httplib/{HTTPLIB_VERSION}/LICENSE":   "vendor/cpp-httplib/LICENSE",

-    "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/sheredom/subprocess.h/8671cee1fc09f11a70ce3782a0ee13177c3aa387/subprocess.h": "vendor/sheredom/subprocess.h",
+    "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/sheredom/subprocess.h/9ce0d701b6fb10f8f8c4445edd31e7c60a1237e3/subprocess.h": "vendor/sheredom/subprocess.h",
 }

-# TODO @ngxson : this is temporary, to be removed in the future
-patches = [
-    # https://github.com/sheredom/subprocess.h/pull/102
-    "vendor/sheredom/patch-bsd.patch",
-    # https://github.com/sheredom/subprocess.h/pull/101
-    "vendor/sheredom/patch-windows-quote-backslash.patch",
-    # https://github.com/sheredom/subprocess.h/pull/104
-    # note: must be applied after patch-bsd.patch, they touch adjacent lines
-    "vendor/sheredom/patch-glibc-older-than-2.29.patch",
-]
-
 for url, filename in vendor.items():
    print(f"downloading {url} to {filename}") # noqa: NP100
    urllib.request.urlretrieve(url, filename)

-for patch in patches:
-    print(f"applying {patch}") # noqa: NP100
-    try:
-        subprocess.check_call([
-            "git", "apply", "--directory", os.path.dirname(patch), patch
-        ])
-    except Exception as e:
-        print(f"Error: {e}") # noqa: NP100
-        sys.exit(1)
-
 print("Splitting httplib.h...") # noqa: NP100
 try:
    subprocess.check_call([
@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ static const std::map<llm_arch, const char *> LLM_ARCH_NAMES = {
    { LLM_ARCH_OLMO,             "olmo"             },
    { LLM_ARCH_OLMO2,            "olmo2"            },
    { LLM_ARCH_OLMOE,            "olmoe"            },
+    { LLM_ARCH_MUSE_GLIMMER,     "muse-glimmer"     },
    { LLM_ARCH_OPENELM,          "openelm"          },
    { LLM_ARCH_ARCTIC,           "arctic"           },
    { LLM_ARCH_DEEPSEEK,         "deepseek"         },
@@ -100,6 +101,7 @@ static const std::map<llm_arch, const char *> LLM_ARCH_NAMES = {
    { LLM_ARCH_GRANITE,          "granite"          },
    { LLM_ARCH_GRANITE_MOE,      "granitemoe"       },
    { LLM_ARCH_GRANITE_HYBRID,   "granitehybrid"    },
+    { LLM_ARCH_GRANITE_SWITCH,   "graniteswitch"    },
    { LLM_ARCH_CHAMELEON,        "chameleon"        },
    { LLM_ARCH_WAVTOKENIZER_DEC, "wavtokenizer-dec" },
    { LLM_ARCH_PLM,              "plm"              },
@@ -145,6 +147,7 @@ static const std::map<llm_arch, const char *> LLM_ARCH_NAMES = {
    { LLM_ARCH_MELLUM,           "mellum"           },
    { LLM_ARCH_NANBEIGE,         "nanbeige"         },
    { LLM_ARCH_QWEN3TTS,         "qwen3tts"         },
+    { LLM_ARCH_POCKETTTS,        "pockettts"        },
    { LLM_ARCH_UNKNOWN,          "(unknown)"        },
 };

@@ -220,6 +223,11 @@ static const std::map<llm_kv, const char *> LLM_KV_NAMES = {
    { LLM_KV_TIME_DECAY_EXTRA_DIM,              "%s.time_decay_extra_dim"              },
    { LLM_KV_RESIDUAL_SCALE,                    "%s.residual_scale"                    },
    { LLM_KV_EMBEDDING_SCALE,                   "%s.embedding_scale"                   },
+    { LLM_KV_ADAPTER_COUNT,                     "%s.adapters.count"                    },
+    { LLM_KV_ADAPTER_TOKEN_IDS_ACTIVATE,        "%s.adapters.token_ids_activate"       },
+    { LLM_KV_ADAPTER_TOKEN_IDS_SUBSTITUTE,      "%s.adapters.token_ids_substitute"     },
+    { LLM_KV_ADAPTER_LORA_RANK,                 "%s.adapters.lora_rank"                },
+    { LLM_KV_ADAPTER_ROUTER_GAIN,               "%s.adapters.router_gain"              },
    { LLM_KV_TOKEN_SHIFT_COUNT,                 "%s.token_shift_count"                 },
    { LLM_KV_INTERLEAVE_MOE_LAYER_STEP,         "%s.interleave_moe_layer_step"         },
    { LLM_KV_FULL_ATTENTION_INTERVAL,           "%s.full_attention_interval"           },
@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@ enum llm_arch {
    LLM_ARCH_OLMO,
    LLM_ARCH_OLMO2,
    LLM_ARCH_OLMOE,
+    LLM_ARCH_MUSE_GLIMMER,
    LLM_ARCH_OPENELM,
    LLM_ARCH_ARCTIC,
    LLM_ARCH_DEEPSEEK,
@@ -105,6 +106,7 @@ enum llm_arch {
    LLM_ARCH_GRANITE,
    LLM_ARCH_GRANITE_MOE,
    LLM_ARCH_GRANITE_HYBRID,
+    LLM_ARCH_GRANITE_SWITCH,
    LLM_ARCH_CHAMELEON,
    LLM_ARCH_WAVTOKENIZER_DEC,
    LLM_ARCH_PLM,
@@ -150,6 +152,7 @@ enum llm_arch {
    LLM_ARCH_DFLASH,
    LLM_ARCH_NANBEIGE,
    LLM_ARCH_QWEN3TTS,
+    LLM_ARCH_POCKETTTS,
    LLM_ARCH_UNKNOWN,
 };

@@ -225,6 +228,11 @@ enum llm_kv {
    LLM_KV_TIME_DECAY_EXTRA_DIM,
    LLM_KV_RESIDUAL_SCALE,
    LLM_KV_EMBEDDING_SCALE,
+    LLM_KV_ADAPTER_COUNT,
+    LLM_KV_ADAPTER_TOKEN_IDS_ACTIVATE,
+    LLM_KV_ADAPTER_TOKEN_IDS_SUBSTITUTE,
+    LLM_KV_ADAPTER_LORA_RANK,
+    LLM_KV_ADAPTER_ROUTER_GAIN,
    LLM_KV_TOKEN_SHIFT_COUNT,
    LLM_KV_INTERLEAVE_MOE_LAYER_STEP,
    LLM_KV_FULL_ATTENTION_INTERVAL,
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More